广西某高校贫困生心理健康现状调查

[目的]探讨某理工大学贫困生心理健康现状,为学校贫困生心理脱贫提供参考。[方法]采用精神症状自评量表（SCL-90）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）和特质应对方式问卷对4359名贫困生进行测试分析。f结果]SCL-90、SAS和SDS三个量表的检出率分别为11．4％、10．1％和33．1％;理工大学贫困生在4个量表各因子得分中,男〈女（t值均〉2．0,P值均〈0．05）,理工科专业在SAS、消极应对、恐怖和其它等项目得分〈文科专业（t值分别为-3．35＊＊,-2．14＊,-2．32＊,-2．00＊）,广西区外生源〈区内生源（t值均〉2．0,P值均〈0．05）,一般贫困和特困生差异均不显著;SCL-90得分低于大学生常模,除躯体化和敌对因子低于全国常模外,另外七个因子高于全国常模：积极应对、消极应对与SCL-90各因子、SAS和SDS相关显著,其中SDS与消极应对相关系数最大（r=0．603＊＊）。[结论]理工大学贫困生心理健康问题以抑郁症状为主要表现,女贫困生更需要关注,高校可创新开展以心理扶贫和技能扶贫结合的资助工作,减少消极应对,引导积极应时,提高贫困生心理健康水平。     

腰椎间盘突出症患者MED术前心理状态调查与分析

为了研究腰椎间盘突出症患者行MED微创治疗前的心理状况,对442例行MED手术治疗的患者应用焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）进行术前心理评估。结果显示MED微创治疗前患者SAS、SDS测量分明显高于常模组。患者性别、年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、病程长短等都与心理状况的改变相关。有34.9%的患者SAS得分和36.7%的患者SDS得分显示阳性。因此,临床骨科医师应重视心理因素的作用,在MED术前应对患者进行心理状况评估,并对心理状况较差的患者进行术前干预,才能取得更好的临床疗效。     

脑卒中患者家属的焦虑状况及其影响因素分析

了解脑卒中患者家属的焦虑状况及其影响因素。采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）及自制的一般状况调查问卷对240名脑卒中患者家属进行问卷调查。脑卒中患者家属的焦虑状况明显高于国内常模（P〈0．01）;其中家属的性别、年龄、文化程度、与患者关系、患者神经功能缺损程度及医疗费用的缴付方式与患者家属的焦虑有关（P〈0．01）。患者家属的...     

2型糖尿病患者焦虑抑郁状况及影响因素研究

为探讨2型糖尿病患者焦虑、抑郁状况及影响因素,对243例患者使用SAS、SDS、DSQL量表进行横断面调查。结果显示SAS、SDS评分均高于国内常模;多元回归分析显示有并发症、文化程度低的患者更易出现焦虑情绪,并发症出现时更易出现抑郁情绪。提示糖尿病患者普遍存在焦虑、抑郁等负性情绪,因此对医护人员要进行规范系统的心理干预培训,特别对病程10年、有并发症、文化程度较低的患者更要进行一对一的心理健康教育指导。     

2型糖尿病患者焦虑抑郁状况及影响因素研究

为探讨2型糖尿病患者焦虑、抑郁状况及影响因素,对243例患者使用SAS、SDS、DSQL量表进行横断面调查.结果显示SAS、SDS评分均高于国内常模;多元回归分析显示有并发症、文化程度低的患者更易出现焦虑情绪,并发症出现时更易出现抑郁情绪.提示糖尿病患者普遍存在焦虑、抑郁等负性情绪,因此对医护人员要进行规范系统的心理干预培训,特别对病程＞10年、有并发症、文化程度较低的患者更要进行一对一的心理健康教育指导.     

新生儿重症监护病房患儿家属心理状况分析

探讨新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）住院患儿家属的心理状况及影响因素。采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）及自行设计的调查问卷对190名NICU住院患儿家属进行调查。结果显示患儿家属表现出不同程度的焦虑,与全国常模（29．78±0．46）相比,其焦虑情绪标准分49．54±1．07,高于常模组（P〈O．05）。影响因素主要包括文化水平、家庭人均收入及患儿病情严重程度等。患儿父母关注的主要问题包括：病情严重程度、预后、医护人员解释病情满意度及病房探视制度。笔者认为医护人员应加强与患儿家属的有效沟通,满足其心理需求,提高医疗护理质量,促进医患关系和谐。     

脊柱创伤与慢性脊柱疾病患者心理状况调查和干预

脊柱疾病患者的病程较长,长时间的患病带来心身的极大损耗。我们对入住我科的脊柱疾病患者使用焦虑自评量表（SAS）和抑郁自评量表（SDS）进行自我测评,调查脊柱疾病患者心理状况,并对脊柱创伤和慢性脊柱疾病患者的心理状况进行比较,为实施干预措施提供依据。     

术前人文关怀对肺癌手术患者全麻诱导心理和生理的影响

为探讨术前进行人文关怀式沟通和健康教育对肺癌手术患者全麻诱导后心理和生理的影响,将83例非同期别的肺癌手术患者（均采用全身麻醉,双腔管气管插管辅助通气）分成两组。观察组进行人文关怀式沟通,对照组采用普通沟通。判定方法采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）,根据焦虑评分反映两组患者入院即刻及手术前的心理变化情况,监测全麻诱导即刻与全麻诱导气管插管后5min患者平均动脉压（MBP）的波动、心率（HR）的变化,用两个时间段两个变量的差值来反映两组患者全麻诱导期发生心理和生理反应的情况。结果显示,两组患者入院即刻焦虑差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;手术前SAS评分两组患者较入院即刻降低（P〈0．05）,并且观察组与对照组相比下降更明显（P〈0．01）;观察组患者MBP波动无统计学意义（P〉0．05）、HR波动有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。因此,证实人文关怀式沟通和健康教育能够减轻肺癌患者在心理和生理两个方面对麻醉和手术产生的不良反应。     

心血管病患者择期介入手术前后焦虑抑郁及影响因素分析

探讨择期介入治疗心血管病患者术前术后焦虑抑郁水平及其影响因素。连续调查我院心内科行择期介入治疗的住院患者100例,分别于术前及术后记录患者静息血压和心率,填写贝克抑郁量表、状态焦虑量表、自制担心评定量表、SF-36生活质量调查问卷;SPSS 17．0软件对焦虑抑郁影响因素进行了统计分析。介入患者术后血压（141．2＆#177;10．6）mmHg /（75．1＆#177;11．9）mmHg 较术前（145．4＆#177;18．0）mmHg/（79．8＆#177;12．2）mmHg 显著下降,心率（72．1＆#177;11．6）次/分也较术前（78．2＆#177;12．9）次/分显著降低;术前患者普遍存在焦虑情绪（43．4＆#177;8．4）,焦虑水平与学历、血压及心率均呈正相关（P＜0．05）,与年龄、生活质量呈负相关（P＜0．05）;介入术后患者焦虑水平显著下降（41．2＆#177;7．6,P＜0．03）;抑郁水平在手术前后无明显变化。本结果提示择期介入治疗心血管病患者术前存在明显焦虑,焦虑水平与年龄、学历、血压、心率及生活质量密切相关。     

家庭累积风险与青少年心理健康的关系——心理资本的补偿效应和调节效应

对1473名初、高中生进行问卷调查,考察家庭累积风险与青少年心理健康的关系以及心理资本的补偿效应和调节效应。结果发现：（1）家庭累积风险负向预测生活满意度,正向预测焦虑/抑郁;（2）心理资本正向预测生活满意度,负向预测焦虑/抑郁;（3）心理资本只能调节家庭累积风险与焦虑/抑郁的关系,表现为心理资本缓冲家庭累积风险对青少年焦虑/抑郁的不利影响。因此,改善家庭环境和培养心理资本是提升青少年心理健康的重要途径,需注意心理资本的培育对焦虑/抑郁和生活满意度作用的差异。     

中青年冠心病患者冠脉介入治疗后精神心理改变及影响因素调查分析

应用焦虑、抑郁自评量袁对84例行冠脉介入治疗的中青年冠心病患者分别进行术前、术后3个月的问卷调查,分析其变化的影响因素后进行综合评价。发现此类人群大多有焦虑、抑郁倾向,其发病率与性别有关而与年龄无关;其影响因素与对疾病的认识、医疗保险、家庭结构有一定相关性。     

The effects of anxiety and depression on in vitro fertilisation outcomes of infertile Chinese women

The object was to assess anxiety and depression during in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment and determine IVF-related psychological factors in infertile Chinese women. The self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were used to evaluate anxiety and depression among 842 patients, respectively. A univariate analysis was used to compare variables among three SAS groups and three SDS groups. Anxiety and depression were both represented in 21.3% of the cases. Patients <35 years tended to be more anxious. In women <35 years, the SDS scores were higher with lower educational backgrounds and female or couple’s infertility, while the SAS scores were higher in female or couple’s infertility. In older ones, the SDS scores were higher in those with lower educational backgrounds and longer time for infertility, while the SAS scores were higher in those with lower educational backgrounds. In SAS groups 1–3, the embryo availability was 5.0 (3.0–8.0), 5.0 (3.0–8.0), and 3.0 (2.0–4.5) (p = .013); and the fertilisation rate was 91.9, 90.4, and 81.8% (p < .001), respectively. We concluded that infertile women experience anxiety and depression during IVF treatment, especially in women <35 years. Younger women with female infertility would be more anxious and depressive while higher education can protect them from depression. In older ones, they would experience more depressive with longer time for infertility and be less anxious and depressive with higher education. Anxiety affects the fertilisation rate and embryo availability.     

Psychological Factors that Link Socioeconomic Status to Depression/Anxiety in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Our analyses examined whether reserve capacity factors would explain the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and symptoms of depression/anxiety in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We assessed disease activity, depression/anxiety symptoms, and intrapersonal and interpersonal reserve capacity measures in 128 patients with SLE. Multiple meditational analyses revealed that intrapersonal and interpersonal psychosocial aspects of reserve capacity fully mediated the relationship between SES and depression/anxiety. Lower SES was indirectly associated with higher symptoms of depression and anxiety through the effects of psychosocial resilience. Interventions aimed at improving modifiable reserve capacity variables, such as self-esteem and optimism, may improve anxious/depressive symptomatology in patients with SLE.     

The contribution of anxiety and depression to fatigue among a sample of Australian university students: suggestions for university counsellors

Responses to the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS: Zung, W. (1971). A rating instrument for anxiety disorders. Psychosomatics, 12, 371–379), the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS: Zung, W. (1973). From art to science: The diagnosis and treatment of depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 29, 328–337) and the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) developed by Krupp and colleagues (Krupp, L.B., LaRocca, N.G., Muir-Nash, J., & Steinberg, A.D. (1989). The fatigue severity scale: Application to patients with multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Archives of Neurology, 46, 1121–1123) were collected from 200 Australian university students to explore the links between these three disorders. Reliability data were satisfactory for all three scales and there were no significant gender or age-related differences between total scale scores. Factor analyses revealed a 5-factor solution for the SAS, a 6-factor solution for the SDS and a single factor for the FSS. There were 8 major and meaningful correlations found and these were entered into a regression of the SAS and SDS factor scores upon the single factor of the FSS. Fatigue factor scores were most powerfully predicted by psychomotor agitation, pain and resultant fatigue and cognitive and emotional arousal factor scores from the SAS and SDS. These data argue for an arousal/anxiety-fatigue-depression progression in disease that may be developmental or accumulative, with extreme levels of psychomotor arousal, resultant muscle fatigue and pain, plus concurrent elevated emotional state and cognitive arousal contributing to an eventual depletion of physical resources, leaving the individual in extreme fatigue. Implications for diagnosis and treatment by counsellors are discussed.     

心理干预对产褥期精神障碍患者生活质量的影响

探讨心理干预对产褥期精神障碍患者生活质量的影响。将85例产褥期精神障碍患者随机分为研究组45例和对照组40例,两组均给予精神科常规护理,研究组在此基础上根据患者的具体情况,实施有针对性的心理护理干预。于心理护理干预后采用Hamilton抑郁量表（HAMD）、Hamilton焦虑量表（HAMA）和生存质量量表（SF－36...     

牙科焦虑症患者心理干预的疗效分析

为了探讨心理诱导对牙科焦虑（dental anxiety,DA）患者治疗的影响,采用焦虑自评量表及汉密顿焦虑量表对门诊就诊患者进行焦虑调查,筛选出伴焦虑者82例,随机分为两组,分别进行心理干预治疗和一般治疗,并对数据进行统计分析。结果显示,心理诱导指导组与时照组相比较焦虑水平明显降低,患者无论在完成第一次治疗还是复诊情况均优于对照组（P〈0．01）。提示心理干预对DA患者治疗有显著效果。