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1.
Using the article by von Eye and colleagues as a springboard, this commentary considers a variety of challenges to valid exploration
of mediation processes. Along the way, a several alternatives for reinserting the individual back into mediation processes
are entertained. The configural frequency approach to mediation analyses proposed by von Eye et al. (Integrative Psychological
& Behavioral Science 43(3), 2009) represents a major step toward this objective. Idiographic approaches are proposed as the next step in the progression toward
individual-centered mediation analyses.
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2.
In this introduction we discuss the motivation behind the workshop “Towards a New Epistemology of Mathematics” of which this
special issue constitutes the proceedings. We elaborate on historical and empirical aspects of the desired new epistemology,
connect it to the public image of mathematics, and give a summary and an introduction to the contributions to this issue.
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3.
The major purpose of this paper is to propose a comprehensive model describing the effects of response sets within the theory
framework of the stages of responding to questionnaires, and taking into account the effects of collectivist and individualist
attributes within cross-cultural contexts. The introduction of this model aims to provide a construct that may help minimize
biases in questionnaire-based research as well as providing new directions for theoretical and empirical research in the field
of response sets.
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4.
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) has a long history of supporting research to enhance the scientific understanding
of and effective interventions for a range of problems associated with children’s exposure to violence. Recently, funded research
has improved our understanding of the nature and consequences of children’s exposure to violence. This article describes an
NIH initiative for research on children’s exposure to violence, examples of projects supported by the initiative, and emerging
research topics for this important scientific area.
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5.
Relatively little is known about the factor structure of disruptive behavior among preadolescent girls. The present study
reports on exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of disruptive girl behavior over four successive data waves as rated
by parents and teachers in a large, representative community sample of girls ( N = 2,451). Five factors were identified from parent ratings (oppositional behavior/conduct problems, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity,
relational aggression, and callous-unemotional behaviors), and four factors were identified derived from teacher ratings (oppositional
behavior/conduct problems/callous-unemotional behaviors, inattention, hyperactivityimpulsivity, and relational aggression).
There was a high degree of consistency of items loading on equivalent factors across parent and teacher ratings. Year-to-year
stability of factors between ages five and 12 was high for parent ratings (ICC = 0.70 to 0.88), and slightly lower for teacher
ratings (ICC = 0.56 to 0.83). These findings are discussed in terms of possible adjustment to the criteria for children's
disruptive behavior disorders found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders.
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6.
Phenomenology of the body and the third generation of cognitive science, both of which attribute a central role in human cognition
to the body rather than to the Cartesian notion of representation, face the criticism that higher-level cognition cannot be
fully grasped by those studies. The problem here is how explicit representations, consciousness, and thoughts issue from perception
and the body, and how they cooperate in human cognition. In order to address this problem, we propose a research program,
a cognitive phenomenology of the body, which is basically motivated by the perspective of Merleau-Ponty. We find a substantial clue in developmental psychological
studies on the body and language.
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7.
The design of interactive systems to be used in mobile and pervasive scenarios, such as emergency management, requires novel
methodologies which combine user-centred design approaches and software engineering approaches tailored for distributed architectures.
In this paper, the methodology adopted in a successful research project is presented together with a case study.
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8.
Harry Collins interprets Hubert Dreyfus’s philosophy of embodiment as a criticism of all possible forms of artificial intelligence.
I argue that this characterization is inaccurate and predicated upon a misunderstanding of the relevance of phenomenology
for empirical scientific research.
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9.
It is generally agreed upon that Grice’s causal theory of perception describes a necessary condition for perception. It does
not describe sufficient conditions, however, since there are entities in causal chains that we do not perceive and not all
causal chains yield perceptions. One strategy for overcoming these problems is that of strengthening the notion of causality
(as done by David Lewis). Another is that of specifying the criteria according to which perceptual experiences should match
the way the world is (Frank Jackson and Michael Tye). Finally, one can also try to provide sufficient conditions by elaborating
on the content of perceptual experiences (Alva N?e). These different strategies are considered in this paper, with the conclusion
that none of them is successful. However, a careful examination of their problems points towards the general solution that
we outline at the end.
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10.
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
11.
Here I respond to comments and questions raised in commentary papers (Castro and Lafuente, Integrative Psychological and Behavioral
Science, 42, 2007; Charles, Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science, 42, 2007; Woodward and Hetley, Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science, 42, 2007) and address three issues not discussed on my previous paper: (1) the historiography used in the history of Japanese psychology,
(2) the first generation of Japanese women psychologists to flesh out the history of psychology in Japan, and (3) how applied
psychology and psychical research existed in the early phase of psychology in Japan. Consequently, this paper, together with
the previous one, provides a broader picture of the development of psychology in Japan.
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12.
In this paper we discuss visualizations in mathematics from a historical and didactical perspective. We consider historical
debates from the 17th and 19th centuries regarding the role of intuition and visualizations in mathematics. We also consider
the problem of what a visualization in mathematical learning can achieve. In an empirical study we investigate what mathematical
conclusions university students made on the basis of a visualization. We emphasize that a visualization in mathematics should
always be considered in its proper context.
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13.
Structural equations have become increasingly popular in recent years as tools for understanding causation. But standard structural
equations approaches to causation face deep problems. The most philosophically interesting of these consists in their failure
to incorporate a distinction between default states of an object or system, and deviations therefrom. Exploring this problem,
and how to fix it, helps to illuminate the central role this distinction plays in our causal thinking.
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14.
Ohne Zusammenfassung
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15.
In examining representations of cities, disease, and human biology, this paper reflects on what technologies reveal of the
conditions to which they’re turned.
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16.
Human enhancement, in which nanotechnology is expected to play a major role, continues to be a highly contentious ethical
debate, with experts on both sides calling it the single most important issue facing science and society in this brave, new
century. This paper is a broad introduction to the symposium herein that explores a range of perspectives related to that
debate. We will discuss what human enhancement is and its apparent contrast to therapy; and we will begin to tease apart the
myriad intertwined issues that arise in the debate: (1) freedom & autonomy, (2) health & safety, (3) fairness & equity, (4)
societal disruption, and (5) human dignity.
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17.
This is a critical discussion of a paper on the problem of bootstrapping by Jose Zalabardo.
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18.
This paper examines some of the illustrative features of doing participant observation research with Muslims both in the field
and back “home.” It is based on my experiences of conducting research in East Java, Indonesia in the classicalist Islamic
boarding schools. My religious subjectivity was important to my research in a number of ways including: (1) the ways in which
the community tried to define my subjectivity; (2) the nature of my personal religious subjectivity; and (3) academic interpretations
of my role and my subject position vis-à-vis Islam and the profession of anthropology.
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19.
In this note I show that Noreen Johnson misunderstands my argument and consequently fails to refute my thesis that God’s omnipotence
conflicts with his omniscience.
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20.
The article aims to comment Toomela’s ( Integrative Psychological & Behavioral Science 42(3):245–265, 2008) paper on variables and quantitative psychology. Topics as the choice of variables, their measurement and statistical analysis,
the deductions based on data, are briefly reviewed. All variables can be misleading if used in a misleading way, but the Author
contends that the psychology based on the variables has not the possibility to represent selected samples of inner processes
and contents. Quantitative analyses based on linear causality and probabilistic inference pose many problems, but some alternative
approaches devised to cope with these problems are indicated. An hermeneutic approach aware of the constructivist ground of
the scientific knowledge is proposed.
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