THE FEMALE SEXUAL SUBJECTIVITY INVENTORY: DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A MULTIDIMENSIONAL INVENTORY FOR LATE ADOLESCENTS AND EMERGING ADULTS

Three studies were conducted to develop and validate a theoretically derived multidimensional inventory of females' sexual self-conceptions ( sexual subjectivity ). Study 1 revealed five factors on the Female Sexual Subjectivity Inventory (FSSI): sexual body-esteem, three factors of conceptions and expectations of sexual desire and pleasure (self, partner, and self-efficacy), and sexual self-reflection. A shorter revised version of the FSSI was tested in Study 2. In Study 3, a confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good fit to the data. The FSSI had a sound factorial structure and high reliability. Significant associations between the five scales in the FSSI and sexual self-awareness, safe sex self-efficacy, and sexual anxiety provided evidence of validity. Some FSSI scales were also associated with self-silencing in close relationships, resistance to sexual double standards, and self-esteem. Sexual subjectivity is a complex intraindividual phenomenon that includes cognitive and emotional components, some of which can be assessed with the FSSI scales.     

《青少年心理健康素质调查表》个性素质分量表的编制

该研究在文献研究和访谈的基础上,采用实证法编制了青少年个性素质问卷,并对其信度和效度进行了检验。结果表明:青少年的个性素质包括内外倾、意志、冒险、乐观—悲观、责任、耐挫折、独立7个方面;编制的青少年个性素质问卷具有良好的信度与效度。     

TEAM SPORTS ACHIEVEMENT AND SELF-ESTEEM DEVELOPMENT AMONG URBAN ADOLESCENT GIRLS

In this study we investigate the contribution of achievement in team sports to adolescent girls' self-esteem development. Adolescent girls ( N = 247) from racially and ethnically diverse backgrounds were surveyed as part of a larger study investigating the development of poor urban youth. Participants responded to items tapping global self-esteem, team sports achievement, and athletic self-evaluations. The results of hierarchical regression analyses indicate that girls' team sports achievement experiences in early adolescence are positively associated with self-esteem in middle adolescence. This relationship is partially mediated by team sports self-evaluations. Applications of these findings to the development of interventions designed to enhance the self-esteem of young women and girls are discussed.     

THE EFFECTS OF CHILDHOOD SEXUAL MESSAGES ON AFRICAN-AMERICAN AND WHITE WOMEN'S ADOLESCENT SEXUAL BEHAVIOR

To clarify the relationship between sexual communication and sexual behavior, multiple components of sexual messages recalled from child hood were examined in a community sample of 248 African-American and White women. Respondents were matched on a predesignated set of demographic variables and were interviewed using the Wyatt Sexual History Questionnaire. We anticipated that women's recollections of messages from parents and television would differ both individually and across ethnicity, and that messages recalled from parents would be multidimensional, varying in tone (positive vs. negative) across time (childhood vs. adolescence) and form (verbal vs. nonverbal). We also expected that the presence and tone of specific types of messages re called would be associated with risk-related sexual behavior. Results confirmed predictions concerning differential interpretations of messages, and ethnicity emerged as a strong mediating variable. The implications of the specific types of parental messages influencing behavior are discussed.     

DEVELOPMENT OF THE “GETTING READY FOR YOUR NEXT JOB” INVENTORY FOR UNEMPLOYED INDIVIDUALS

This article describes the development of a self-administered inventory to provide unemployed job seekers of varying education levels and backgrounds with insight into their job search. The inventory was refined in 5 phases with multiple samples. Evidence for predictive validity was provided by examining the relationship between the inventory components ( job-search intensity, Internet use, job-search confidence, job-search clarity, support, stress and worry, skills, barriers, job-search experience, difference between last wage and wage desired, time spent in job search, and number of interviews in last 2 weeks) and employment outcomes several months later. The inventory, titled “Getting Ready for Your Next Job” (YNJ), is shown in the Appendix . Interested users may download a PDF or Microsoft Word version of the YNJ from http://www.ynj.csom.umn.edu/ .     

青少年日常情绪调节问卷的编制

旨在编制青少年日常情绪调节问卷,通过增添对日常情绪诱发情境的描述,增强关于对青少年日常情绪调节测量的生态效度,获得更具有现实意义且真实的结果。根据访谈(n=30)获得诱发青少年日常情绪的典型情境,编制了问卷的项目;根据探索性因素分析(n=268)确定的正性情绪调节问卷项目为15个,负性情绪调节问卷项目为20个,皆抽取了四个因素分别命名为"认知重评"、"认知沉浸"、"表达抑制"、"表达宣泄"。经验证性因素分析(n=269)以及信度检验,问卷的各个心理测量学指标均符合要求,表明该结果具有良好的结构效度和内部一致性,可用作青少年日常情绪调节的测量工具。     

中国青少年心理健康素质·个性素质的研究

采用《青少年心理健康素质调查表·个性素质分量表》对全国23个省、市、自治区的44063名青少年心理健康的个性素质发展状况进行调查,结果表明,青少年个性素质总体状况良好。在内外倾维度上表现为：小学五年级外倾程度较弱,至初二逐渐外倾,初三达到最外倾,高一至大学逐渐变得外倾程度较弱;在意志、责任、耐挫折、独立维度上表现为：小学五年级得分较高,从初中呈下降趋势,高中前半阶段继续下降,高中后半阶段到大学又逐渐回升;在冒险、乐观悲观维度表现为：小学五年级得分较高,从初中到高中直至大学阶段依次递减。     

缺陷儿童人格诊断量表的修订

缺陷儿童人格诊断量表是日本特殊教育领域的一种专门用于测量缺陷儿童人格的著名量表。作者用三年时间对其进行了修订,建立了包括弱智、聋哑、盲等缺陷儿童的中国常模。该量表具有较高的信度与效度,是一个较好的心理测量工具。     

DEVELOPMENT AND PSYCHOMETRIC EVALUATION OF THE INTERPERSONAL SEXUAL OBJECTIFICATION SCALE

This study reports on the development and psychometric evaluation of the Interpersonal Sexual Objectification Scale (ISOS). Data from 576 college women were collected in three studies. Exploratory factor analysis uncovered two factors: Body Evaluation and Unwanted Explicit Sexual Advances; confirmatory factor analysis supported this factor structure. ISOS scores were internally consistent and stable over a 3-week period. Supporting its construct validity, ISOS scores were (a) strongly related to sexist degradation; (b) slightly to moderately related to other sexist events, self-objectification (i.e., body surveillance and internalization of the thin-ideal), and body shame; and (c) unrelated to socially desirable responding. The relationship between ISOS scores and body shame was fully mediated by self-objectification, providing additional evidence for its construct validity. Furthermore, the ISOS garnered incremental validity, as it predicted self-objectification above and beyond the variance accounted for by sexist events.     

A LABORATORY ANALOGUE FOR THE STUDY OF PEER SEXUAL HARASSMENT

The purpose of this study was to develop a laboratory analogue for the study of peer sexual harassment, and to examine person and situational factors associated with male on female peer sexual harassment. One hundred twenty-two male participants were given the opportunity to tell jokes to a female confederate from a joke list that included sexually offensive jokes, as well as other types of jokes. Participants were exposed to either a sexist laboratory environment or a neutral laboratory environment during the study. Eighty percent of participants told at least one sexually offensive joke to a female confederate. Higher scores on a measure of adversarial sexual beliefs were associated with telling a greater number of sexually offensive jokes. The results suggest that the joke-telling analogue may be a useful means for laboratory explorations of person and situational factors associated with peer sexual harassment.     

云南4个民族20年跨文化心理研究——议青少年品格的发展

调查者于1980年惊奇地发现西双版纳的克木人、基诺族、哈尼族和拉祜族的青少年品德与个性非常良好,调查者关注的是在现代化的影响下,这些品德个性的变化。这项研究的目的是探索青少年品德与个性发展的规律,同时,这对跨文化心理的研究也有重要意义。研究采用不同的研究方法,如访谈、个别接触、活动分析,甚至为了调查而几个月与青少年住在一起。2002年,研究表明,青少年的品德与个性已有很大变化,他们积极、自信、乐观和有竞争意识,他们的品格至今仍保持良好,犯罪率低,民族青少年的社会化在这变化与发展中起重要作用。     

八十年代初期苏联德育心理研究的新发展

本文概括介绍了八十年代以来苏联德育心理研究的发展情况,包括个性心理学基本理论的发展,以及对学前期、学龄初期、少年期和青年初期道德发展与教育的研究。文章着重介绍了A.B.彼得罗夫斯基的社会心理学个性发展观、Д.И.费尔德施坦的少年个性发展理论,以及其他各方面的30余项工作。     

《青少年心理健康素质调查表》动力系统分量表的编制

本文旨在介绍青少年心理健康素质动力系统量表的编制及其标准化过程。量表编制的重要理论基础为马斯洛的五级动机理论和弗兰克尔的自我超越动机理论。研究的测量工具有:自尊量表,自我超越生命意义量表,指向自我生命意义量表和对意义的追寻量表。被试为北京市某中学的334名初中高中学生。结果显示:青少年心理健康素质动力系统量表的内部一致性Cronbach′sα=0.90,效标效度较理想。研究结论:该量表可以作为测量青少年心理健康素质动力系统的一个较为可靠的工具。     

大学生性别自我概念的结构

同时运用外显的自陈式量表和自行设计的内隐联想测验来研究大学生的性别自我概念 ,结果表明 :(1)运用内隐联想测验来测量内隐性别自我概念是可靠、有效、敏感的 ;(2 )在性别自我概念的内隐层面上 ,性别差异十分显著 ;在性别自我概念的外显层面上 ,除了女性正性量表外 ,其他量表上均未表现出显著的差异。 (3)性别自我概念是一个双重的结构 :包括一个内隐的性别自我概念和一个外显的性别自我概念 ,前者是一个一维的未分化的结构 ,后者是一个两维的结构 ,并且二者相对独立