冈田武彦对王阳明《大学》观的阐释与发展

王阳明的《大学》诠释在其心学思想体系中至关重要,这引起了日本著名阳明学者冈田武彦先生的高度重视。本文以王明阳的《大学》观为基础,依托相关文献,首先阐明冈田武彦对王阳明《大学》观内在嬗变的理解、检讨与反思;其次探究冈田武彦基于王阳明《大学》观所做出的思想开拓。冈田认为学问头脑的转变促成了王明阳《大学》观的思想变迁,但这与《大学》本旨是否相合却值得商榷。王阳明《大学》思想与冈田武彦晚年的身学说、"共生"理念之间存在着内在逻辑联系,"致知"说对冈田"致身"说的提出具有启迪意义,而"万物一体之仁"则为"共生理念"提供了思想资源。     

高攀龙的《大学》改本与“修身”工夫

高攀龙的"高氏改本"是一个较为重要的《大学》改本。这一改本主张《大学》有错简而无缺传,并反对经传的划分,体现出高攀龙的义理关怀,且与他的工夫体验相印证。其"修身"工夫管括了《大学》八目,并吸收了朱子、阳明、李材言《大学》工夫的胜义。     

明宗与辨异:李材对何为儒学的思考

面对晚明三教混杂的现象,正学与异端问题成为晚明儒者的共同关注.李材立足于《大学》的"知止"和"修身"观念,重建儒家心性、经世合一之学,并以此作为区分三教的标准.因此,李材提出的"止修之学"具有三重意义:回应心学流弊、严明儒释之辨以及重思心性与秩序的关系.     

程门学派对朱子学的挑战及与王学之遥契——以黎立武的《大学》诠释为中心

"程朱理学"这一习用表达,强化了朱子与二程学术的一体性,却遮蔽了彼此之间的差异。二程学派是一复杂的学术群体,虽经朱子之强力整合,至晚宋,朱子的程门正统地位仍遭遇了兼山学派的挑战。黎立武发扬兼山学派重《易》的传统,采用《易》解《四书》的进路,高举《大学》"古本"之旗,强调"知止"为全书枢要,与后世阳明学多有遥契。     

百陵学山本《大学古本旁释》的史料价值辨析北大核心CSSCISSCI

《大学古本旁释》本该是了解王阳明“致良知”说提出之前《大学》诠释思想的重要文本依据,但陈来教授在其《有无之境——王阳明哲学的精神》中考证出两种版本的《旁释》均非正德十三年戊寅原刻,所不同者,百陵学山更为接近原刻而已①。这就使得在研究阳明前期《大学》诠释思想时,《古本旁释》的史料价值大打折扣,而阳明最初的《古本旁释》之内容也如迷山雾海,再难得见真容。不过,更为接近原刻的百陵学山本《旁释》,除了在文字表述层面有所损益而不同于戊寅原刻之外,其思想内容应该是一仍其旧而无修改。而且,即使无法完全肯定学山本《旁释》之思想与戊寅原刻等同,如果对照阳明前期论学语,也可以肯定它完全是阳明早期《大学》诠释思想的集中表述,并无后期《大学》诠释思想掺杂其间。因此,学山本《旁释》完全可以作为阳明早期《大学》诠释思想研究的文献材料。本文将对此进行详细论证。     

道学视野下的船山心性学--以《读四书大全说》的大学部分为中心

本文力图从宋明道学的视野来看船山的《四书》诠释。作者认为:船山读《大学》说,其中以正心说和诚意说为其核心,呈现出其独特的心性-工夫论。船山有关《大学》的讲法,可以说是“接着”程朱讲的,但不是“照着”程朱讲的,他不是传统意义上的程朱学派,但受到程朱学派的较大影响。船山虽然并不承诺自己为程朱学派的一员,但顺承程朱《大学》解说的脉络,延续程朱大学诠释的问题性,吸取程朱许多的诠释学资源,同时又对朱子本人及朱门后学的论点提出广泛的批评,而提出自己的诠释主张。船山的《大学》解释是明清之际儒学的一部分,其心性-工夫论虽未及开展到清代儒学以接受理论和实践的辩证,但在儒学思想史上确有其意义。     

从良知学到《孝经》学——阳明心学发展的一个侧面

在王阳明思想中,良知与孝是体用、本末的关系,孝仅仅是良知发用中之一事。由于王阳明良知学是从对《大学》的诠释中拈出,故随着阳明学的发展,其后学便将《孝经》纳入了良知学的体系内,以《孝经》来解释《大学》,采用以经解经的方式印证良知之说。至罗汝芳而提出以孝弟证成良知,以孝弟为良知本体,故以良知学注解《孝经》便成为必然,虞淳熙的《孝经迩言》就是晚明时期以良知学注解《孝经》的典范之作。     

《楞严》之诤与晚明佛教——以《楞严经》的诠释为中心

《楞严经》在晚明的流行,其主要表现形态是大量注解的出现。对《楞严经》的异彩纷呈的诠释,又是与这一时期的佛教复兴运动联系在一起的。本文以《楞严经》的诠释为中心,通过对晚明"《楞严》之诤"这一佛教思想史"事件"的梳理,从一个独特的视角展示《楞严经》的历史"境遇",并以此关照晚明时期佛教的基本状况。     

《晚明<孝经>学研究》出版

<正>刘增光著《晚明(孝经)学研究》一书于2015年8月由上海古籍出版社出版。该书对晚明《孝经》学进行了经学史与哲学史的综合研究,不但梳理了从宋元到明代《孝经》学的发展脉络,而且在宋明学术思想发展的大背景下,揭示出了晚明《孝经》学与程朱理学、阳明心学、佛道二教、晚明政治的内在关联,并展示了晚明学术思想发展的复杂性及晚明政治社会对当时儒者精神生活的深刻影响。该书除绪论与结语外,共六章:《孝经》学史上的重要公案辨析,明代     

《易传》道德哲学新探

《易传》通常被认为是释《易》之作,其中包含了丰富的道德哲学思想,但目前的中国伦理思想史教科书多不见对《易传》伦理道德思想的阐述,这与《周易》"群经之首"的地位是不相称的。有鉴于此,本文从三个层面上对《易传》的道德哲学思想进行了新的系统的阐释:一、依据儒家天人合一的思维架构,阐述《易传》阴阳相反相成而为"易"(即"变")、"生生之谓易"的生命本体论,人道本于天道,故人要成就自己,就必须"继善成性",人之所以能够"继善成性"的依据是"天地设位,圣人成能";二、"继善成性"的具体实现路径是"修业进德"即内修其身与开物成务,其原则是自强不息与厚德载物,具体方法是"拟之而后言,议之而后动,拟议以成其变化";三、"修业进德"的境界是"圣人气象"即"与天地合其道,与日月同其明,与四时合其序,与鬼神同其吉凶"的圣人境界。     

The nature of The Nature of Prejudice

This paper attempts to establish the historical context for the development and publication of Gordon Allport's text, The Nature of Prejudice, and by so doing illustrate the importance of historicizing psychological social psychology. The Nature of Prejudice was, in part, the cumulative result of a decade of Gordon Allport's classroom teaching in a new interdisciplinary unit at Harvard, the Department of Social Relations. This paper chronicles key elements of Allport's course -"Prejudice and Intergroup Conflict"-from 1944 to the mid-1950s.     

试论社会历史规律和自然规律

从古希腊神话故事中的命运女神,到基督教神学关于上帝决定历史,再到维科、康德和黑格尔等关于“天神旨意”、“自然的意图”和“理性的狡黠”,尽管都没有科学地揭示出人类社会历史的内在规律,但都以不同形式承认了社会历史规律的存在。可以说,在19世纪下半叶之前,关于人类社会历史是有规律的思想一直是占主导地位的历史观。但是,在马克思之前,人们普遍认为社会历史规律是绝对必然性,人在这种必然性面前是无能为力、束手无策的。如黑格尔的历史哲学,就具有浓厚的宿命论色彩。     

The Activities of The Scandinavian Societies

Freud's concept of the death instinct has given rise to many different interpretations which have often been contradictory. It is in fact already possible to discern two diametrically opposite meanings of this concept in Freud's work from 1920—Beyond the Pleasure Principle—in which he first introduced the concept of the death instinct. In this paper, it is argued that both these meanings are relevant in describing psychical life, although only one of these meanings actually qualifies for the concept “death instinct”. Beyond the Pleasure Principle was written in order to try to understand some everyday, as well as clinical phenomena which could not be explained by the so-called pleasure principle. Freud postulated something beyond the pleasure principle, which initially seemed to have to do with binding energy. I will preserve this idea and attempt to develop it within the context of a phenomenological analysis of time. The temporalization of the subject involves a very basic affirmation of existence, in that the subject experiences something constant, something that can be said to possess the quality of a gestalt. I propose that that which is beyond the pleasure principle—this binding of energy—should be understood as the opposite of the idea of a primordial death instinct striving towards death. In this case, that which is beyond the pleasure principle reflects an original affirmation of existence, which could be said to correspond to Freud's first meaning of the death instinct. The second meaning—for which the name “death instinct” seems to be applicable—concerns the discharge of energy, which from a temporal point of view shows itself as a tendency to dissolution. The concept of the death instinct in its various meanings is discussed in connection with phenomenological reflections on time, which is a different approach from Freud's attempt to ground the death instinct in biology.     

The Logic of The Goldhagen Debate

Since Daniel J. Goldhagen's Hitler's Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaustattempts to show that the Holocaust is explicable and can be understood largely in terms of a single cause, “eliminationist anti-Semitism”, it is not surprising that the book has generated an international debate. What is surprising is the magnitude and emotional intensity of the debate. This article argues that the deepest flaws in it Hitler's Willing Executioners,as well as the chasm of disagreement between Goldhagen's detractors and defenders, have as much to do with reasoning and concepts as with matters of fact. It concludes that Goldhagen's central argument is stronger than many of his critics claim, but that the inadequacy of his cognitive interpretation of anti-Semitism and his unexamined psychological assumptions weaken his attempt to explain the Holocaust. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

建言类型对领导者建言采纳的影响：面子与幽默的作用

以说服和面子理论为基础,通过两个研究探讨领导者建言采纳行为的影响因素及作用机制。结果发现：相对于促进型建言,抑制型建言给领导带来的面子威胁更大,且领导者感知面子威胁在建言类型与建言采纳之间起部分的中介作用。而幽默类型与水平影响领导者感知面子威胁的程度,积极幽默水平越高,领导者感知面子威胁的程度越低,其建言采纳可能性越高。这表明领导者感知面子威胁在建言类型与建议采纳间起中介作用,幽默调节了此中介效应。     

骨折治疗方法与原则的最优化历程

多年来骨折治疗,新旧技术、新旧理论相互融合,相互碰撞,产生了新的理论和方法,使得临床疗效显著提高,现阶段理智的临床医生应该融汇各家之长,多方互补,对每一位骨折患者的治疗都应该按照最优化的原则进行.但是在医疗过程中总存在着如方法选择不当或者错误,过度治疗,医患信任危机,医疗伦理道德的丧失等情况,我们应该用矛盾分析的方法来思考这些问题.     

The Future of The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

I examine the value and limitations of Kuhn’s Structure of Scientific Revolutions. In the interests of developing a social epistemology of science, I argue that we should draw on Kuhn’s later work, published in The Road since Structure. There, Kuhn draws attention to the important role that specialty formation plays in resolving crises in science, a topic he did not discuss in Structure. I argue that we need to develop a better understanding of specialty research communities. Kuhn’s later work provides a research agenda for those who want to study scientific specialization. I briefly discuss some recent studies that promise to provide valuable insight into the social structure of science.     

“解释学”的没落与“描述学”的兴起——“既成”与“当下瞬间”的冲突

为了充分理解解释这个术语本身,我们得回到它的前提及其相关术语。解释的前提是理解,被理解的叫含义或意义。无论我们是否意识到,解释已经意味着进入哲学,从来的哲学家都在解释世界(马克思语)。怎么解释呢?用语言。传统上,我们往往从意识或概念领域接近解释学问     

The Wisdom of Administration in The Analects

The basic spirit of administration in The Analects includes the five following aspects: the wisdom of administration regarding humanity as the foundation; the wisdom of leadership with primary virtue; the wisdom of conducting business with righteousness; the wisdom of harmonious organization; and the wisdom of coordination with the mean. Relative to modern Western rational spirit of scientific management, Confucian management focuses on exploring the humanities and shaping human nature, and this has a unique value for contemporary management activities.