浅谈迷信与俗信

一、定义 所谓"迷信",指非理性、反科学、对个人与社会有直接危害的极端信仰,它以迷狂为特征,是巫术、宗教中有害成分的强化[1].迷信有广义和狭义之分.广义上的迷信是指不查事情的真伪而受迷惑,盲目地信仰或崇拜,其对象不限于鬼神,还包括迷信书本、古人等.狭义上的迷信是指相信占星、卜筮、风水、命相、鬼怪等,即是通称的封建迷信.     

中央苏区反封建迷信的历史经验和启示

土地革命时期,中央苏区反封建迷信运动无论从内容还是措施上既反映了当地的实际,又可窥见全国苏区反封建迷信的普遍经验:在客家人的聚集地,反封建宗族制,建立革命同志式的新型社会关系;客家妇女深受封建压迫,开展解放妇女运动成为重要的任务;客家山歌深受当地民众喜爱,成为宣传反封建迷信的重要形式;以法律为保障,以政治经济实利为策略,以教育为主渠道全面进行反封建迷信。这些历史经验也为当前的反封建迷信提供了重要的启示:遵循一切从实际出发的基本原则,建立全方位的反封建迷信机制。     

土地革命时期江西苏区的反迷信运动

在我国,迷信是自给自足的封建社会长期延续的产物,生活在社会最底层的人民不但深受来自地主阶级政治上和经济上的残酷剥削,在精神上也处于被压迫的境地。这种状况一直到近代也没有发生本质上的改变,而农村是封建迷信最为盛行的所在。在江西,一份关于革命前兴国社会的情况调查说: “兴国的迷信鬼神,可说应有尽有,一年三百六十五天,没有一天不是在迷信鬼神中”。调查者举正月的例子说, “有一种长光神,城乡都有,日夜的香烛不断,一般人藉敬神的地方,做他们的赌博场。城江背的地方,还有一种海神,这是兴国特有的神,一共三十六种神壳,奇形怪状,无奇不有     

读者来信

读者付洪清同志最近给编辑部写来一封信,推荐台北建国中学施寄青、陈烨两位老师写的《上帝也算命》系列丛书。为此,编辑部将这封信编辑发表,其意义有二:一是了解台湾对相术、风水、占星、算命等封建迷信活动的批判;二是告诫大陆读者,希望写这类文章的作者,摆脱枯燥说教的文章风格,多从事实出发,提供令人信服的论据,使其“伪”、“虚”、“假”暴露无遗,以此达到辨伪和预防上当受骗之苦。     

关于对待封建迷信政策的理论探讨

“封建迷信”是我国的习惯称呼,它主要指世俗的鬼神迷信,既不包括宗教迷信,也不是我们日常生活中的“迷信古人”、“迷信书本”、“个人迷信”等等。对待封建迷信的政策与对待宗教的政策是有区别的。对待宗教是贯彻宗教信仰自由的政策,而对于封建迷信则是坚决取缔和说服教育的问题。我们在实际工作中产生的某些偏差,正是由于未能正确区分     

共产党不能信迷信——学习“以崇尚科学为荥、以愚昧无知为耻”的一点体会

中国共产党是用马克思主义武装起来的无产阶级先锋队,代表着中国先进文化的前进方向,以辩证法和唯物论作为自己的指导思想之一。共产党员必须是唯物论者和无神论者,要相信科学,不能相信封建迷信。胡锦涛总书记提出的社会主义荣辱观中也有一条是“以崇尚科学为荣、以愚昧无知为耻”。但是,近些年来,唯心论、有神论和封建迷信思想在部分党员特别是党员干部中滋长、蔓延。主要表现在:“数字迷信”。喜欢“6”、“8”、“9”,忌讳“4”。认为“6”是“六六大顺”,“8”是“发发发发”,“9”是“长长久久”,“4”则与“死”谐音,很不吉利。特别是…     

愚昧无知的后果往往是可怕的——对一起迷信“走火入魔”个案的分析

在信仰问题上,当前社会上有一种认识,即认为迷信鬼神是劝导人们向善的,是抑恶的行之有效的手段,不少人由此产生了迷惑,以为敬畏鬼神是一种有益的,至少是一种无害的。这种认识使得人们对封建迷信和迷信活动抱相当宽容的心态,甚至扩散到了包括共产党员在内这样本应是无神论者的     

党员领导干部迷信现象研究

正一些党员领导干部不信马列信鬼神,"台上讲科学发展,台下搞风水迷信"。在一些揭露的"老虎"、"苍蝇"中有不少领导干部包括一些党的高级领导干部把风水、迷信作为自己的世界观、人生观和价值观,谋求个人权益,大搞官场风水,败坏党风、政风,带坏民风。一些党员干部带头搞封建迷信活动,并在社会上造成了恶劣影响,是近十几年来我国迷信现象的一个新的特点,引起社会的高度关注。一、党员领导干部迷信现象     

无神论宣传的有益尝试

1996年底,我们看到一些封建迷信的糟粕沉渣泛起,相面、算命、看风水等迷信活动死灰复燃,还出现了数字迷信、超常意念、特异功能、包治百病等伪科学和新的迷信,个别邪教组织也蠢蠢欲动。受此影响,一些中小学生、学前儿童胸前佩戴了“圣牌、圣物、护身符“,脑后梳起了“长命辫“,有的人在封建迷信中丧了命,甚至有的家长为给孩子“驱鬼“治病将自己的亲生骨肉杀死。对此,我们在痛心疾首之余,感到有必要在     

宣传无神论,扼制封建迷信

贵刊物2004年第三期中唐黎标先生的《封建迷信回潮现象透视》一文是篇好文章,读后令人豁然。由此文起,笔者也大胆续貂,实是随玉之砖。对推广科学,扼制迷信的措施谈一下自己的看法。一、治本大于治标。封建迷信氛围浓厚,这个现象误国殃民,有识之士无不忧心。但想从源头上扼制,非一介草民能为之。我只能做到自己不迷信,对周围的迷信者是无能为力的,连相劝几句也会不受欢迎。有所作为的应是党和政府这样的强势群体。这方面党和政府已有行动,但没动到点子上。封建迷信泛滥的原因,并不是一些“邪教头目”有多么大的宣传力度,有多么高的蛊惑水平,…     

Seeing and hearing and space and space and time

A previous experiment had shown spatial location to be judged in terms of the framework provided by the modality in which stimuli were presented. In the present study, digits were either auditorally or visually presented, and in either form the three digits appeared successivly to the left, in the center, and to the right of the S. The digit which occurred temporally in the middle of the sequence was never central from the spatial viewpoint. The S was asked to indicate which digit was the middle one. Ss were blind, deaf, or normal. The deaf and two control groups saw visual displays, and the blind and their controls heard auditory displays. The former groups predominantly chose the spatially middle digit and the latter groups the temporally middle. It was concluded that modality of presentation was the trigger which switched in the coding dimension of time or space.     

Bob and Carol and Tess and Ali

Conflicting religious experiences in different traditions do not necessarily defeat the rationality of conflicting beliefs sustained by those experiences in those traditions. The circularity that protects religious beliefs from such mutual defeat is not vicious. Moreover, the lack of ‘epistemological humility’ exhibited by such believers poses no threat to world peace. In fact, a campaign for compulsory humility would itself constitute a much greater threat.     

Law and Gospel,and Youth and Family Ministry

Abstract : If “faith comes through hearing” the word of God comprised in law and gospel, how do the imperatives that characterize ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ make such hearing possible? Here, literature delineating ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ is analyzed in light of its biblical foundations. The primary lens implemented in this analysis is the law/gospel hermeneutic advocated by Martin Luther and other reformers.     

Extremes of self-esteem and narcissism and the experience and expression of anger and aggression

This study examined the level of self-esteem and narcissism as personality variables involved in the disposition to experience and express anger. Three hundred thirty-eight subjects were sampled across two higher education centres and one student teaching programme in the United Kingdom. It was reasoned that individuals with both high self-esteem and narcissism would report especially high tendencies to experience and express anger and aggression and that those with high self-esteem and low narcissism would report the lowest. These predictions were influenced by theories that emphasise the role of threats to high self-esteem in the production of aggression and violence. Results indicate that groups defined by their extreme scores on self-esteem and narcissism scales produced levels of anger expression in the predicted direction. The importance of considering extreme levels of self-esteem and narcissism (in conjunction with other factors) in an analysis of anger is discussed with reference to currently influential theories in the field. Aggr. Behav. 24:421–438, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Dance and psychotherapy--possibilities and limits

From a starting point of therapeutic and prophylactic components identifiable in the dance, the authors regard the dance as deserving of greater attention than was hitherto the case in programs of physiotherapy, psychotherapy, and sociotherapy. From the existing essays at a therapy basing on body and motion, they infer basic common points, and to promote discussion, they state their attitudes in respect of the potential and rank of the dance in the concept of complex multimodal psychotherapy.     

Yin and Yang,and the Hot and the Cold

Yin and Yang are important concepts in ancient Chinese philosophy.Western scholars have become more familiar with these two concepts recently,but for a long time almost no one considered comparing them with their own tradition such as the ancient Greek philosophy,and especially with the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Presocratic philosophy.In this paper,I make an attempt to do exactly that,and especially make a detailed comparison between the thoughts of two ancient thinkers:Laozi and Anaximander.I discuss the thought of Yin and Yang in Laozi-who was the earliest philosopher making use of the concepts Yin and Yang-to express his cosmological thought in ancient Chinese philosophy.Comparatively,I discuss the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Anaximander,the earlier among Presocratic philosophers referring to the Hot and the Cold as fundamental concepts used to establish his cosmological system.Through this comparison,I indicate that the similarity between ancient Chinese and Western traditions is far more significant than what people are used to imagining.     

Perversion and infancy and adolescence

Abstract

Studying the works of Freud and Lacan, the authors carried out research on perversion in childhood. Their work covered the perverse polymorphism of infantile sexuality and the perception of the anatomic difference between the sexes that leads the child to create sexual theories and fantasies. The phallic mother and the fetish are viewed as imaginary solutions directly related to the Oedipus and castration complexes. In perversion, a particular position is taken in relation to the Oedipus complex: a serious flaw occurs in the symbolization of the law, and the mechanisms of denial and disavowal take form. Sexuality requires a second “logical time,” separated from infancy by the latency period, in order to confirm (in action) that a fixed position of jouissance (enjoyment) has actually been established. This can only happen in a period after adolescent enhancement. The distinction between perverse traces and a perverse structure is made, taking into account the fact that, in the case of child analysis, the analyst should free the child from the family fantasy and help him/her to build his/her own fantasy.

Campos Santoro V. et al. Perversion und Kindheit und Adoleszenz.

Im Studium der Arbeiten von Freud und Lacan haben die Autoren Forschung über Perversion in der Kindheit gemacht. Die Studien behandeln den perversen Polymorphismus der infantilen Sexualität und die Wahrnehmung des anatomischen Unterschiedes zwischen den Geschlechtern, welche das Kind dazu führt, Sexual-Theorien und Phatasien zu schaffen.

Die phallische Mutter und der Fetisch werden als imaginäre Lösungen angesehen, die sich direkt auf den Ödipus- und Kastrations-Komplex beziehen. Bei der Perversion wird eine besondere Position in Bezug auf den Ödipus angenommen; ein ernsthafter Mangel tritt bei der Symbolisierung des Rechts auf; die Mechanismen der Verneinung und der Verleugnung bilden sich. Sexualität erfordert eine zweite “logische Zeit”, von der Kindheit durch die Latenz Periode getrennt, um (in der Handlung) zu bestätigen, daß eine fixierte Position der jouissance (Vergnügung) sich tatsächlich etabliert hat. Das kann sich nur in einer Periode nach der adoleszenten Verstärkung ereignen.

Es wird die Unterscheidung zwischen perversen Spuren und einer perversen Struktur gemacht, in Rechnung stellend, daß im Fall der Kinder-Analyse der Analytiker das Kind von der Familien-Phantasie befreien sollte und ihm/ihr helfen sollte, seine/ihre Phantasie auszubilden.

Campos Santoro V. Perversión e infancia y adolescencia.

Estudiando los trabajos de Freud y Lacan, los autores han investigado la perversión en la niñez. Los estudios cubren la sexualidad infantil perversa polimorfa y la percepción de la diferencia anatómica entre los sexos, que llevan al niño a crear teorías sexuales y fantasías.

La madre fálica y el fetiche son vistos como soluciones imaginarias relacionadas directamente con el complejo de Edipo y de castración. La perversión, toma una posición particular en relación al Edipo; un fallo importante tiene lugar en la simbolización de la ley; los mecanismos de negación y repudio toman forma. La sexualidad requiere un segundo “tiempo lógico” separado de la infancia por el periodo de latencia, para confirmar (en acto) que una posición fija de jouissance (goce) se ha establecido. Esto solo puede ocurrir en un periodo posterior a la intensificación adolescente.

La distinción entre las huellas perversas y la estructura perversa se ha hecho, teniendo en cuenta que, en el caso del análisis de niños, el analista debe librar al niño de la fantasía familiar y ayudar a el/ella a construir su propia fantasía.     

神圣、凡俗与净明、忠孝

本文结合有关宗教学理论,对宋元净明道所推崇的"净明"、"忠孝"概念进行了解析.作者以为:宋元净明道视世俗性的道德实践为"神圣"的宗教修炼,实与宗教学中的凡俗可以"转换"为神圣之理论相合;而净明道徒的这种"转换",则多与其个体的"宗教体验"有关.至于元代净明道借"无极"概念来释"净明",以"净明"为回复宇宙根源之境界,则合于宗教人经验到与万物的根源、终极的本体或神圣的世界契合之感.换言之,宋元净明道的"净明"、"忠孝"说,实与各种宗教的本质有着相通之处.