个体之间的相互作用和儿童左右概念的发展

此实验利用5—6岁儿童左右概念的发展来研究在其它条件相同的情况下,不同形式的个体之间(不仅儿童之间,而且大人和儿童之间)的相互作用对儿童认知发展的影响。通过预试选取两种不同水平的儿童后用不同的相互作用方法训练,训练完立即对他们单独再测试,看他们在握掌此概念上的进步情况。此实验研究了;(1)儿童在和同伴或和大人共同作业时能否产生冲突以及儿童是用什么方式解决冲突的;(2)儿童单独作业时能否意识到自己前后答案的不一致而产生认知冲突;(3)以上2个问题和儿童在预试时已具有的水平之间的关系以及和他们在再测试时表现出来的进步之间的关系。     

DEVELOPMENT OF OBJECTIVE CRITERIA TO EVALUATE THE AUTHENTICITY OF REVELATION

Science has been dazzlingly successful in explaining nature. Scientific advances also have led to certain undesirable, though unintended, side effects, one of which is alienation from the spiritual. Revelation comes from the Divine. But what is the status of authenticity of a particular piece claimed to be revelation? What is its historical validity and current state of preservation? This essay proposes to develop a list of rational criteria, in consultation with all stakeholders, for addressing the subject. The aim is to bring objectivity into this discourse by placing it more on the turf of reason rather than basing it on considerations of faith and prior allegiance.     

小学儿童数概念与运算能力发展的研究

我们曾对学龄前儿童和初入学儿童数概念与运算能力的发展作了研究。小学儿童的运算思惟是如何发展的呢?这也是儿童心理学重要研究领域之一。 我们围绕着小学儿童数概念与运算能力发展的研究,企图摸索一下小学儿童运算中     

THE DOCTRINE OF CREATION AND MODERN SCIENCE

Abstract. In contrast to Christian theology that has ignored science, this essay suggests that a credible doctrine of God as creator must take into account scientific understandings of the world. The introduction of the principle of inertia into seventeenth-century science and philosophy helped change the traditional idea of God as creator (which included divine conservation and governance) into a deist concept of God. To recapture the idea that God continually creates, it is important to affirm the contingency of the world as a whole and of all events in the world. Reflecting on the interrelationship of contingency and natural law provides a framework for relating scientific theories of a universal field, the concept of emergent evolution, and the theological concept of eternal divine spirit active in all creation.     

THE DOCTRINE OF UNIVOCITY IS TRUE AND SALUTARY

After clearing up some misunderstandings of Scotus's doctrine of univocity, I argue that the doctrine of univocity is true. All predications about God must be reducible to univocity if they are to be intelligible at all. So even if the doctrine has unwelcome consequences, we ought to affirm it anyway; it is not the job of the theologian or philosopher to shrink from uncomfortable truths. I then argue that the doctrine of univocity in fact has no unwelcome consequences. Moreover, it has at least two salutary logical consequences of the highest importance. I conclude that the polemic against univocity, and against Scotus as its defender, is misplaced.     

THE DOCTRINE OF CREATION

Synopsis: We are often told that the doctrine of creation has not been refuted by modern science, but we cannot judge whether that is true unless we know exactly what the doctrine is, and that is seldom explained. I first offer an interpretation of the doctrine, then defend this as an interpretation, and finally argue that we should use not scientific but forensic methods to decide whether the doctrine, so interpreted, is true.     

从摩梭人的词汇看人类概念的发展

通过调查摩梭人的词汇研究人类概念的发展。摩梭人到本世纪七十年代还盛行母系家 庭,至今没有文字。调查方法是从小学汉语文课本中选出一批常用词汇,把当地摩梭和汉两种 语文水平最高的几个知识分子请到一起,逐词逐字地共同讨论,核实提供调查的词汇在摩梭 语中是否有对应词。不论有无对应词均以全体同意为准。结果表明,摩梭人词汇数量较少,范 围较窄,概括和具体化的程度都不高。作者认为,由摩梭词汇标志的概念发展状况,可作人类 概念发展早期的一个例证。