道教劝善书中的伦理思想及其教育方法

劝善书,又称善书,是产生于北宋末南宋初、盛行于明清时期的一些专门宣传伦理道德、劝人弃恶从善的小册子,其中心思想是“诸恶莫作,众善奉行”。善书的书写形式通俗易懂,有劝善文、劝善歌、劝善图说、功过格、宝卷等。这类书籍儒释道三家都有,而道教劝善书因出现的时间较早、影响较大而起了带头的作用,如被誉为“善书三圣经”的善书即是道教的《太上感应篇》、《文昌帝君阴骘文》和《关圣帝君觉世真经》,其中《太上感应篇》还被誉为“善书之祖”。在本文中,笔者主要从教育的视角以一些道教重要善书为例简要探讨其伦理思想。一、道教劝善书伦…     

《藏外道书》略析之二

拙作《〈藏外道书〉书目略析》一文,已对《藏外道书》(前二十册)编收书目逐本作了简要分析。观察《藏外道书》的总体编收情况,似乎还有进一步探讨的必要。目前所见《藏外道书》只有前二十册,据悉尚有十六册待出。但是根据前二十册的内容编排及有关宣传材料,可知编撰这部丛书的总体布局。故此谨就前二十册内容作为基本参照,试论《藏外道书》的得与失。 从《藏外道书》的总体编收情况来看,本丛书有以下鲜明特点:     

善恶报应与善本当行 ——从功过格看晚明清初士人劝善理念之差异

功过格是盛行于晚明清初的通俗劝善书,功过格的流布,引发了一场关于劝善理念的争论。推行功过格的士人宣扬善恶报应、行善求福,其在吸引普通民众的同时,遭遇了正统儒士的批驳,他们反对功过格的功利色彩,强调善本当行、改过迁善。这两种劝善理念的差异既反映出士人群体不同的道德教化立场,也凸显了世俗功利主义与道德理想主义之间的价值张力:其一,在道德劝善上,推行功过格的士人主张善恶报应,更多地是面向一般民众的方便教化,正统儒士坚持善本当行,主要是勉励学道之人修身成德;其二,在德福观念上,普通民众深信善恶报应,希望积德行善能获得世俗福报,精英士人则基于良知自觉,以礼义为福,追求道德人格的完成。     

国图藏《周易悟真篇图注》考论

明《周易悟真篇图注》在《悟真篇》诠释史上地位举足轻重,但一直以来罕见传本。中国国家图书馆今藏一种,实为难得善本。通过对之详细考察,笔者认为《周易悟真篇图注》即是《秘殿珠林》所录之《五注悟真篇图解》,其作者程易明与《指玄篇本末原序》(《藏外道书》收录)的作者应是同一人,而该图注所用《悟真篇》底本与《顶批三注悟真篇》(《藏外道书》收录)的底本同源一致;此外,从内容上看,《周易悟真篇图注》乃道教诠释之"图解"传统和"丹道易图"自身发展共同作用的结果,其"顺凡逆仙"的丹法原理与性命双修的工夫论系统,皆较前人有进一步的细化与发展。     

《太上感应篇》初探

打开矛盾《子夜》,就会看到一位封建遗老整日捧着本书念诵不已,到死也不放手,这就是道教劝善书的一种——《太上感应篇》。(以下简称《感应篇》) 《感应篇》的作者至今是个疑案。《宋史·艺文志》收录“李昌龄《感应篇》一卷”,认定李昌龄是作者。《道藏》太清部有《太上感应篇》三十卷,然称:“李昌龄传,郑清之赞”,意即李昌龄只是传《太上感应篇》者,并非作者。这就和《宋志》有了出入。《续百川学海》录有“《乐善录》一卷,(宋)李昌龄撰。”看来这位和《感应篇》有关的李昌龄还著有其它类似的劝善书。但宋代叫李昌龄的有几个,到底哪个是作者,各说不一。清代给     

《十戒功过格》及其伦理思想特色

《十戒功过格》及其伦理思想特色陈霞道教劝善书最能体现道教伦理思想的特色，是道教宗教道德在宋元明清时代的主流。道教劝善书的总体伦理思想是教人行善立功、达到长生成仙的目的。“功过格”是道教劝善书中的一类。“格”即量度的意思。李善注引《仓颉篇》说：“格，量...     

书讯

经国务院宗教事务局、国家新闻出版署批准,道教典籍——《藏外道书》由四川巴蜀书社出版发行。《藏外道书》是继明代正统《道藏》之后的第一部系统的道教经典文献资料汇集。它第一批收书七百余种,一千余卷,主要收录了明清以来的道教经籍。《藏外道书》在编排上既保留了《道藏》的特色,又有自己的特点,与明代《道藏》在资料连续性上相匹配。它的出版对研究明清以来道教文化有着极为重要的作用。     

《太上感应篇》:西方视野下的大众伦理瑰宝

正《太上感应篇》:是中国最著名的劝善书,影响深远。但鲜为人知的是,《太上感应篇》在西方社会同样受到推崇,其生态思想甚至影响到西方态伦理思想主要流派的形成。早期西方译本近代著名的中国学家法国学者雷慕沙(Jean Pierre AbelRémusat,1788-1832)是法兰西学院汉学主席,第一位汉语教授。他于1816年将满语本《太上感应篇》译成法文,     

越南古籍《功过格校编》的文本探析

功过格在明清以来的中国社会产生过重大影响,也曾传播海外,在周边国家流传,越南的《功过格校编》就是功过格流传海外的具体表现之一。《功过格校编》一书兼纳中国明清时期多种类型的功过格文本和越南当地信仰活动文本,这两种文本分别呈现出不同的文献价值,是非常值得研究的对象。将《功过格校编》的内容与中国相关版本进行比较研究,会发现越南重新刊印的中国功过格具有鲜明的越南文化特色。     

历史上禁断邪教的言论和法令摭拾

笔者曾于1996年12期的“法音近录”栏目，刊出《“附佛法外道”与民间秘密宗教》一组文摘，介绍了近十年来学术界研究民间秘密宗教的若干成果，以及学者呼吁要警惕“附佛法外道”危害佛教的建言。现从佛教史书和政府法典中，辑出佛教史书对附佛法外道的揭露，历代政府禁断异术邪道的法令，清朝地方官对邪教活动的调查，以供关；动这方面问题的读者参考。佛教史书对附佛法外道的揭露南宋天台宗僧人释宗鉴在所著史书《释门正统》（收于《U续藏经》第130册冲，为止恶防非，辨明邪正，特立＜斥伪志＞，指斥当时流行民间的末尼教、白莲菜、白云…     

"Psychotherapy" versus "treatment"

Presents a comment on "Psychological treatments" by D. H. Barlow. Barlow proposed that we distinguish between the terms "treatment" and "psychotherapy." The author believes that not only is the distinction unnecessary, but that its implications could have negative consequences for the field of clinical psychology. It is the proposed distinguishing feature that treatments are "specifically tailored to the pathological process that is causing the impairment and distress" that is most problematic. Clinical psychology does not need a distinction that further exacerbates the split between researchers and practitioners.     

"Enmeshment" and "Fusion"

The paper examines two related concepts utilized by two different schools of family therapy. Any family seen to be "enmeshed" is also seen as "fused," and vice versa. The difference in the level of focus, on the "system containing the individuals" (structural) or the "individual in the system" (fusion), determines the difference in therapeutic approach of these two schools.     

“对的”与“好的”

什么是“对的”,和对它的证立,是道德哲学中具有争议性的核心问题,也是效用主义和道义论间的主要差异之所在。统合效用主义对于“好的就是对的”这个陈述有一套完整周延的说法。而道义论对这个问题的证立不够周延或没有足够的说服力。     

"本体论"与"伦理学"--形而上学的两个向度

形而上学有两个密切相关的内在向度,就是本体论向度与伦理学向度.在哲学史上,哲学家们之所以在"追求形而上学"的同时,又总是"反形而上学",并非是人们的形上本性出了问题,而是因为人们总是将形而上学视为单纯的"一维性",总是用一个向度来取代或遮蔽另一个向度.而所谓的"后形而上学思想",也并不是消解了形而上学,而是指形而上学从"本体论向度"转向了"伦理学向度".     

"石狮"、"风水"与"吉祥"

谁都知道,在古老的中国,不管是衙门、宫殿、庙宇的门前,还是豪宅、大户人家的门口,人们都能看到摆着一对石狮。据说,这对石狮子在许多中国人的心目中,它不但是一种气派的象征,而且还是一种被人认为是好的“吉祥物”。如今,旧时的衙门没有了,但遗留下来的宫殿、庙宇的门前,其中有些石狮仍有保存。然而,想像不到的是,这号称“吉祥物”的石狮今天却开始“走”进某些党政机关的大门口,它们(石狮)在那里时时都在保护着这些政府要员“平平安安”、“吉祥如意”。这不仅使我联想起一些极端的报道,有些政府官员为升迁,请算命先生定位,用风水术为政府…     

从"管制"到"平衡"--政府与公众理想关系模式的构建及其制度化

论文从行政民主的角度探讨政府与公众之间的理想关系模式及其制度化构建过程 ,将我国在改革之前的政府与公众模式概括为管制模式。论文指出 ,在制度变迁的过程中 ,这一模式日益受到挑战。而在新的制度环境下 ,我国政府与公众的关系模式应该是平衡模式。这一模式的制度化措施包括培育自主的市民社会 ,赋予公众以独立的活动空间 ;促进行政公开 ,建立一个开放负责的政府 ;推进行政法建设 ,抑制行政恣意     

PREFERRING "HOUSEWIVES" TO "FEMINISTS"

Four studies are described outlining the favorability of attitudes toward women. In Study 1, participants indicated their attitudes toward women and men and their construal of the term "women". The results revealed that women were evaluated more favorably than men, but that male right-wing authoritarians (RWAs) who construed women as referring primarily to feminists were least favorable in their attitudes. In Study 2, participants indicated their attitudes toward both "housewives" and "feminists". The results revealed that feminists were evaluated less favorably than housewives, and that the most negative attitudes toward feminists were expressed by authoritarian men. Study 3 revealed that high-RWA males held more negative symbolic beliefs concerning feminists (i.e., beliefs that feminists failed to promote participants'values) and that these beliefs accounted for variation in attitudes among high RWAs and much of the RWA-attitude relation. Finally, Study 4 revealed that high RWAs perceived greater value dissimilarity between them-selves and feminists. The implications of the findings for future research are discussed.     

"Us" and "Them":

Abstract: In the Aristotelian tradition, politics is a matter of public deliberation over questions of justice and injustice. The Bush administration's response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, has been uniformly hostile to this notion, and it has instead promoted a jingoistic politics of self‐assertion by an America largely identified with the executive branch of its government. This is doubly disturbing, as the executive branch has sought to free itself from international law, multinational commitments, and domestic judicial regulation, even as it has sought to validate itself by demonizing its enemies. This essay draws out the disturbing echoes here of Carl Schmitt's work of the 1920s, in particular of Schmitt's conception of the sovereign as the ungrounded ground of the law and the political as the site of mortal conflict between friend and enemy. The essay argues that Schmitt's position in the twenties, for all of its evident problems, is superior to that of Bush, Wolfowitz, and Ashcroft in at least two senses: Schmitt condemns the idea of waging war for profit and recognizes that such wars will often be disguised as moral crusades waged against the “inhuman”; and he acknowledges that claiming to fight a war for humanity denies one's enemies their humanity, leaving them open to torture and even extermination.