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1.
ASSESSING WOMEN'S FEMINIST IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT Studies of Convergent, Discriminant, and Structural Validity 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Ann R. Fischer David M. Tokar Marija M. Mergl Glenn E. Good Melanie S. Hill Sasha A. Blum 《Psychology of women quarterly》2000,24(1):15-29
Researchers have called for increasing sophistication in the assessment of women's feminist identity development (Enns & Hackett, 1990; Hackett, Enns, & Zetzer, 1992) to understand important psychological processes. This series of studies examined recent efforts to operationalize Downing and Roush's (1985) model of feminist identity development. Specifically, the psychometric properties of two existing measures—the Feminist Identity Development Scale (Bargad & Hyde, 1991) and the Feminist Identity Scale (Rickard, 1987)—were examined in two studies with separate samples of women (total N = 486). Results of Study 1 indicated the strengths and significant limitations associated with each scale (e.g., low internal consistency for some subscales, item-subscale inconsistency). A composite measure (derived from these scales) with better overall psychometric properties is described. In Study 2, we found good support for the composite instrument's internal consistency, as well as convergent, discriminant, and factorial validity in a sample that included a wide age range and nonstudent community residents. 相似文献
2.
Black and White women may experience feminist identity development differently, and the womanist (Ossana, Helms, & Leonard, 1992) and feminist (Downing & Roush, 1985) identity development models may differ in their ability to capture those experiences. Black (n = 29) and White (n = 94) female college students completed a questionnaire that included feminist identity, womanist identity, and self-esteem scales. Results provided partial support for the hypothesis that Black women would agree more strongly with the womanist model, whereas White women would agree more strongly with the feminist model. In addition, the womanist model better differentiated between stages of identity development than did the feminist model for Black women. Results also partially supported the hypothesis that race would moderate the relationships between the womanist and feminist identity models and self-esteem. 相似文献
3.
Mindy J. Erchull Miriam Liss Katherine A. Wilson Lindsey Bateman Ashleigh Peterson Clare E. Sanchez 《Sex roles》2009,60(11-12):832-842
We explored whether the Downing and Roush model of feminist identity development is relevant for young women today. Two-hundred seventeen older and younger feminists and non-feminists were recruited on a college campus and online in the United States. They completed, online, the Feminist Identity Composite and reported whether they would have endorsed items for each stage more strongly in the past. Qualitative data was collected about prior stage experience. Older feminists scored higher in active commitment, and younger feminists scored higher in revelation. Feminist self-identification did not relate to synthesis scores, and young women high in synthesis did not report much prior stage experience. We postulate that synthesis is a starting point for young women, rather than an ending point. 相似文献
4.
Oksana Yakushko 《Sex roles》2007,57(3-4):223-234
Relations between women’s patterns of feminist identity development and their subjective well-being were explored through
an online study with a sample of 691 women ages 18 to 83 from across the United States. The results of a hierarchical cluster
analysis indicated that women fall into three groups based on their feminist identity development processes: Women with Traditional
Values, Women with Moderate Values, and Women with Feminist Values. The results of the analysis of covariance showed that
women who held feminist and moderate values scored significantly higher on a measure of overall well-being—particularly on
subscales measuring purpose in life, autonomy, and personal growth—than women with traditional values. 相似文献
5.
KATHLEEN McNAMARA KATHRYN M. RICKARD 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》1989,68(2):184-189
This article discusses the implications of the Downing and Roush (1985) model of feminist identity development for feminist therapy with women. Following a summary of the model, the potential pitfalls of feminist therapy with the passive-acceptant client are described, as well as potential issues at subsequent stages of the client's identity development. Suggestions are made regarding how to facilitate clients' movement to higher levels of development. Finally, a research agenda is proposed that suggests hypotheses to be tested that arise from applying this model to conducting therapy with women. 相似文献
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Rusi Jaspal 《Psychological studies》2010,55(1):61-70
Given the pervasiveness of language in social life and the implications that language use can have for one’s individual and
collective identities, attempts were made to explore the theoretical and empirical advantages in connecting social psychological
theories of identity and sociological/sociolinguistic approaches to language use and language choices in order to make sense
of language and identity among second-generation British Asians. The current theoretical essay features a brief overview of
the sociology of British Asians in the United Kingdom and a detailed consideration of dominant theories of identity in social
psychology, namely, Social Identity Theory Tajfel (1982), Self-Aspects Model of Identity (Simon 2004) and Identity Process
Theory (Breakwell 1986). It is considered that the latter two theories lend themselves readily to the study of language and
identity. The present essay considers the substantive literature on language and identity and deconstructs notions such as
‘mother tongue’ in an attempt to demonstrate the constructedness of such terminology. It is argued that a social psychological
approach to questions of language and identity among British South Asians is a valid one and that a qualitative methodological
approach is particularly well-suited to the area under investigation. 相似文献
9.
Cultural forces influence body-image development in gender-contingent ways, such that women in our society possess more dysfunctional
body-image attitudes than men do. However, few studies have examined how women’s body-image experiences relate to their own
gender attitudes and ideologies. This investigation of 122 college women assessed multiple parameters of body image (i.e.,
evaluation, investment, and affect) and different facets of gender attitudes and feminist identity development. Results revealed
minimal relationships between body-image attitudes and either feminist identity or adherence to traditional gender beliefs
at individual/stereotypic or societal levels. On the other hand, traditional gender attitudes at the level of male-female
social interactions were associated with stronger and more dysfunctional investments in cultural and personal appearance standards.
The scientific, social, and clinical implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
10.
Vanessa E. Munro 《Res Publica》2006,12(2):137-162
In a context in which there is manifest multiplicity in women’s daily lives, feminists have struggled to identify what it
uniquely means to be a woman, without falling prey to charges of essentialism. Conscious, however, of the role which collective
gender identity plays in providing coherence and motivation to feminist activity, a number of theorists have sought to find
a way to retain group cohesion in the face of internal diversity. In this article, the merits and demerits of pre-existing
attempts in this regard will be discussed. Having done so, an alternative approach, which builds on Wittgenstein’s concept
of ‘family resemblances’, will be put forward and defended.
With the usual caveats, thanks to Sharon Cowan, Alan Norrie, John Stanton-Ife and John Tasioulas for their comments on an
earlier version of this article. 相似文献
11.
Identity control theory (Kerpelman, Pittman, & Lamke, Journal of Adolescent Research, 12: 325–346, 1997) and the literature on possible selves (Markus & Nurius, American Psychologist, 41: 954–969, 1986) and family influences on adolescents’ vocational choices (e.g., Otto, Journal of Career Development, 27: 111–117, 2000; Whiston & Keller, The Counseling Psychologist, 32: 493–568, 2004) were used to guide this study of young women’s career aspirations. How mother–daughter and father–daughter
relationships were associated with young women’s certainty about their anticipated future careers was addressed with data
from 304 female undergraduates. Findings indicated that parent–daughter connectedness predicted the young women’s anticipated
distress, as well as their willingness to change to fit parental views should their parents disagree with their career aspirations.
In addition, anticipated distress mediated associations between willingness to change and connectedness with parents, and
between willingness to change and father–daughter career discussions. Discussing career goals with mother increased mother’s
influence, but decreased father’s influence, on daughter’s career certainty under conditions of father–daughter disagreement
about career choice. The ability to separate her own feelings from those of her father was particularly important in reducing
the daughter’s willingness to change her career goals to fit maternal or paternal expectations. Collectively, these findings
offer additional insights about the role of parent–adolescent relationships in understanding young women’s career aspirations
and note the importance of considering the distinct influences of mothers and fathers on their daughters’ career goals and
plans. 相似文献
12.
This study was designed to examine the relations among dimensions of feminism and internalized heterosexism in 227 lesbian and bisexual women. In addition, psychometric support for 2 newly created multiple-item scales, Self-Identification as a Feminist (SIF) and Involvement in Feminist Activities Scale (IFAS), is provided. Results indicate that internalized heterosexism is correlated significantly with most of the feminist dimensions assessed in this study (i.e., self-identification as a feminist, involvement in feminist activities, attitudes toward feminism, feminist identity development, and various feminist ideologies). Interesting relations among feminist identity development and feminist ideologies were found. In addition, involvement in feminist activities was uniquely predicted by self-identification as a feminist and the Embeddedness-Emanation and Active Commitment dimensions of feminist identity development. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed. 相似文献
13.
Jean M. Twenge 《Sex roles》1997,36(5-6):305-325
Sixty-three samples providing single-sex means on the Bem Sex-Role Inventory [BSRI; S. L. Bem (1974) “The Measurement of Psychological
Androgyny,”Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Vol. 42, pp. 155–162] and 40 reporting similar data on the Personal Attributes Questionnaire [PAQ; J. T. Spence and R. L.
Helmreich (1978)Masculinity and Feminity, Austin University of Texas Press] for American undergraduates were located and analyzed. Women’s scores on the BSRI-M and
PAQ-M (masculine) scales have increased steadily over time (r’s = .74 and .43, respectively). Women’s BSRI-F and PAQ-F (feminine) scale scores do not correlate with year. Men’s BSRI-M
scores show a weaker positive relationship with year of administration (r = .47). The effect size for sex differences on the BSRI-M has also changed over time, showing a significant decrease over
the twenty-year period. The results suggest that cultural change and environment may affect individual personalities; these
changes in BSRI and PAQ means demonstrate women’s increased endorsement of masculine-stereotyped traits and men’s continued
nonendorsement of feminine-steretyped traits.
A version of this paper was presented at the 1995 annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, August 11–15,
New York. I. would like to thank Abigail J. Stewart and Randy J. Larsen for their helpful comments on earlier versions of
this paper. 相似文献
14.
Dànielle DeVoss 《Sexuality & culture》2002,6(3):75-94
The historically significant but superficial divide between public and private spaces and identities has shaped women’s lives,
subjectivities, and sexualities. In this article, I analyze women’s self-sponsored and self-published porn sites. Specifically,
I focus on sites that demonstrate complex articulations of identity and subjectivity—sites that can be read as identity projects
that appropriate cultural expectations of sexuality.
To foreground this analysis, I first explore past work analyzing the public/private dichotomy and suggest that computers and
virtual spaces are used to reinforce the flimsy separation between public and private. Using these discussions as scaffolding,
I then read a selection of women’s porn sites, arguing that these women Web authors are inserting their embodied subjectivities
into public space, and forcing a remapping of the lines of the public and private in ways that rupture public representations
of sexuality.
‘Scarlet collar’ workers are the feminists of the modern age, say psychologists, free from coercion and the dangers of the
traditional, male dominated business. In the past two years they have moved away from traditional activities such as prostitution
and lap dancing to become the majority of cyberporn owners. —Cherry Norton, 2000, online
The woman’s duty, as a member of the commonwealth, is to assist in the ordering, in the comforting, and in the beautiful adornment
of the state. —J. Ruskin,Free and Ennobled, 1983, p. 291 相似文献
15.
Daniel Kolak 《Synthese》2008,162(3):341-372
Sydney Shoemaker leads today’s “neo-Lockean” liberation of persons from the conservative animalist charge of “neo-Aristotelians”
such as Eric Olson, according to whom persons are biological entities and who challenge all neo-Lockean views on grounds that
abstracting from strictly physical, or bodily, criteria plays fast and loose with our identities. There is a fundamental mistake
on both sides: a false dichotomy between bodily continuity versus psychological continuity theories of personal identity.
Neo-Lockeans, like everyone else today who relies on Locke’s analysis of personal identity, including Derek Parfit, have either
completely distorted or not understood Locke’s actual view. Shoemaker’s defense, which uses a “package deal” definition that
relies on internal relations of synchronic and diachronic unity and employs the Ramsey–Lewis account to define personal identity,
leaves far less room for psychological continuity views than for my own view, which, independently of its radical implications,
is that (a) consciousness makes personal identity, and (b) in consciousness alone personal identity consists—which happens to be also Locke’s actual view. Moreover, the ubiquitous Fregean conception of borders and the so-called “ambiguity
of is” collapse in the light of what Hintikka has called the “Frege trichotomy.” The Ramsey–Lewis account, due to the problematic
way Shoemaker tries to bind the variables, makes it impossible for the neo-Lockean ala Shoemaker to fulfill the uniqueness
clause required by all such Lewis style definitions; such attempts avoid circularity only at the expense of mistaking isomorphism
with identity. Contrary to what virtually all philosophers writing on the topic assume, fission does not destroy personal
identity. A proper analysis of public versus perspectival identification, derived using actual case studies from neuropsychiatry,
provides the scientific, mathematical and logical frameworks for a new theory of self-reference, wherein “consciousness,”
“self-consciousness,” and the “I,” can be precisely defined in terms of the subject and the subject-in-itself. 相似文献
16.
Joyce Ann Mercer 《Pastoral Psychology》2011,60(2):263-278
Fantasy fiction long has been read for its capacity to narrate religious meanings and themes for young readers. Since its
publication in 2005, Stephenie Meyer’s young adult series Twilight, in which an adolescent girl falls in love with a vampire, has become a pop culture phenomenon among U.S. teen girls. Although
vampires usually represent dangerous desire, rarely have these creatures been treated as spiritually attractive figures. Using
feminist perspectives on the psychology of gender and Christian feminist theology, this article offers a critical exploration
of Twilight’s constructions of intimate relationships, supernatural masculinities, and girlhood, arguing that Twilight’s girl-appeal stems from its ability to tap into both the sexual and spiritual desires of girls. 相似文献
17.
Beth Montemurro 《Sexuality & culture》2003,7(2):3-29
The bachelorette party, a women’s version of the traditional men’s bachelor party is rooted in the idea that marriage requires
monogamy. This implies that women sacrifice sexual freedom when they get married in a way that was previously considered to
be the case only for men. Furthermore, the bachelorette party is a means for expressing oneself sexually and acknowledging
the sexual element of one’s identity. Until recently, this aspect of women’s identity was assumed to be either nonexistent
or inapropriate in public. Sexual expression at the bachelorette party comes in many forms, such as the use of sexual props
or objects and intimate interaction with men strangers or men exotic dancers. In this paper, I describe the changes in society
that led to the development of the bachelorette party at this time in society. I then discuss the sexual element of this ritual
by exploring the meaning of women’s behavior at this party, the structure of the ritual itself, and the objects used to create
a hyperexualized atmosphere. I conclude that the bachelorette party symbolizes the ambivalence that is characteristic of modern
women’s sexuality. 相似文献
18.
Ramaswami Mahalingam 《Sex roles》2007,56(3-4):239-249
The study was conducted with a community sample (N = 1118) of participants from three caste groups (Brahmins, Thevars, and Gounders) from villages that are reported to have
an extremely male-biased sex ratio in Tamilnadu, India. Chastity, Machismo, and Caste Identity scales were used to assess
cultural beliefs about gender and caste. The correlations among beliefs about caste identity, chastity, and machismo were
significant for all three caste groups. There was a significant difference between Brahmins and the other caste groups in
beliefs about caste, chastity, and machismo. There was a significant interaction among marital status and gender. Married
men’s scores on chastity and machismo were higher than unmarried men for all caste groups. Thevars and Gounders were high
on machismo and chastity. Women in all caste groups, particularly Thevar women, were high on caste identity. The implications
of the findings for the study of gender and immigration are discussed. 相似文献
19.
Celia Kitzinger 《Human Studies》2008,31(2):179-208
This paper responds to Maria Wowk’s (Human Studies, 30, 131–155, 2007) critique of “Kitzinger’s feminist conversation analysis”, corrects her misrepresentation of it, and rebuts
her claim to have cast doubt on whether it is “genuinely identifiable” as conversation analysis (CA). More broadly, it uses
Wowk’s critique as a springboard for continuing the development of feminist conversation analysis through: (i) discussion
of appropriate methods of data collection and analysis; (ii) clarification of CA’s turn-taking model and an illustrative deployment
of it in the analysis of a single case and of a collection (of if/then compound TCUs); (iii) exposition of a feminist CA understanding
of “participants’ orientations”, and of the relevance of the distinction between participants’ and analysts’ orientations
for feminist work. Finally, I suggest that feminist work in CA makes important contributions to the development of CA as a
discipline.
相似文献
Celia KitzingerEmail: |
20.
The extensive research on date rape attitudes and experiences has left sexual consent itself largely unexamined. The objective
of this study was to develop a measure to assess women’s and men’s attitudes and behaviors regarding sexual consent. Using
both focus groups (N = 18) and a mail survey (N = 514) of undergraduate students at a Canadian university, two scales of sexual consent were developed: (1) a Sexual Consent
Attitudes Scale, and (2) a Sexual Consent Behaviors Scale. Preliminary psychometric evidence suggested good reliability and
validity. As hypothesized, women, more than men, preferred a more cautious approach to sexual consent by stressing the need
to obtain consent more explicitly. Multiple regression analyses supported a reciprocal relationship between sexual consent
attitudes and sexual consent behaviors. 相似文献