“叫魂”的心理透视

在我国许多地方的农村里.至今还有一个习俗,当不懂事的孩子受到意外惊吓,例如在户外被狗其它东西惊吓了之后,大人一般会在晚上,来到孩子白天受惊吓的地方,一面喊着孩子的名字,叫他不要怕,并跟着喊:“回来吧,回来吧!”有时还会烧一些纸钱,以祭天地。更有甚者,还会请一个德高望重的老人为孩子“收吓”,即在睡熟后的孩子的脸上,凌空画一些辟邪的符,且口中念念有词,目的也在于使魂回来。这一切做法是否真正有效,有什么科学根据,还有待于我们认真研究,但这是多年传下来的惯例,却无庸置疑。     

Les études des relations sociales précoces : sommes-nous trop « sécure » avec l'attachement ou trop « attaché » à la sécurité ?

During the past thirty years, empirical research has amply demonstrated the central role of early mother-child relations for subsequent social, cognitive and affective development. However, this confirmation of the vital role of primary attachment for later personal development has been accompanied by a relative neglect of the contribution of other social partners to the emerging competence of the young child. A critical review of the attachment literature underscores the need to replace the monotropic model of primary attachment by a more systemic model of development within the polyadic context of the family. For both theoretical and empirical reasons, a social ecological approach to early development permits overcoming the prosocial, positivistic biases of a single dimension, dyadic model of early socialization. The formulation of more systemic, multi-dimensional models of early family relations promises to advance our understanding of the complex adaptive processes that serve as developmental foundations for children’s emerging interpersonal competence.     

Utilisation d'un hypermédia et apprentissage : deux activités concurrentes ou complémentaires ?

This article presents a review of the empirical literature about the use of hypermedia for learning. It uses the cognitive load theory as a framework to interpreter the results. This framework enables us to structure the review in four main parts, corresponding to the principal sources of the variations of the cognitive cost: the hypermedia, the learner, the leaning task, and the using task, and to their under-components. According to us, the user of an hypermedia for learning carries out a learning activity and a hypermedia using activity, the first being the goal, the second being the means and representing a specific overcost. We propose to interpret the data observed not in reference to a linear correlation training-use but in reference to the implication training-use.     

犯戒·忏悔·清净

受戒、学戒、持戒是出家僧尼进修的正当次第,而犯戒、忏悔、清净则极为可能在进修过程中发生。依此二次第而行即是佛陀所说的两种智人：一专精不犯,二犯而能忏。但有些僧尼存在不敢谈犯戒、犯戒不敢忏悔的不良心理。     

故乡·异乡·天堂

当我在孤独、寂寞、彷徨的时候,上帝派遣了天使般的女孩来到了我的身旁,她把福音的种子播进了我的心房。从此我的身心不再漂泊,我的灵魂找到了永恒的家乡,     

形神·技艺·道

在我年长后,通过对道家文化的接触,认识到“神”之于技艺的重要。它是技艺的生命、也是生命的根本。可以引用贞白先生所言:“凡质象所结,不外形神。形神合时,则是人是物;形神若离,则是灵是鬼。”道家的观点历来是“神者,生之本也;形者,生之个也”。它表明了这样一个普遍现象:万物神全则生机活泼,生生不息,如草木春发;失神则死气沉沉,若枯木寒灰。类同此理,技艺方面所需的生命力当然不外于是说。神既然这么重要,那么,它到底是什么呢?它虽然看不见,又摸不着,却可以“体悟”到它的存在。要着意于这个问题,我们先不妨来看看这个中国方块字的字形…     

Quel type d'approche scientifique pour la description de la personnalité ?

The purpose of the introduction to the special issue “scientific approaches of personality: challenges and controversies” is to present three different approaches to the scientific study of personality and personality judgment: the factorial approach, psychosocial approach, personality assessment at the level of the individual. The theoretical foundations of each field are exposed in the first part of the introduction. In the second part, we present the articles that compose this special issue.