托马斯的宗教语言哲学

中世纪语言哲学的普遍特征在于把语言现象置于基督宗教背景中进行考察,而不是在纯哲学意义上关注它。因此,它在本质上是一种宗教语言哲学,富有浓厚的神学意蕴。任何企图通过抹掉中世纪语言哲学的神学底蕴去构建所谓纯语言哲学的尝试都不过是一种解构性做法而已,必将导致整个中世纪语言哲学缺失特质而遭受否定。托马斯宗教语言哲学代表了中世纪基督宗教语言哲学的典型范式,它在基督宗教视野下通过整合亚里士多德主义和奥古斯丁主义两种不同语言哲学传统,提出了对语言的独特看法。本文试图呈现托马斯宗教语言哲学的整体架构,彰显其基本理论的…     

三岁前儿童语言发展的研究和有关的理论问题

本文是对我们从1955年到1995年(其间1966-1977年停)所做三岁前儿童言语发展追踪研究的总结,也包括一些横断研究和实验研究.文中对三岁前儿童言语发展的过程、阶段、特点、规律以及影响因素等方面作了分析;并在这些研究材料的基础上对语言发展的普遍性、儿童语言获得的理论和语言发展与认知(思维)发展关系等有关理论问题进行了探讨,提出了自己的观点.     

从乔姆斯基到平克——语言心理研究的模块化之路

基于批判行为主义的语言理论,乔姆斯基提出了先天语言机制的假说,并更进一步发展出了语言模块性思想.平克以达尔文的进化论为基础,提出了语言本能的假说,并明确提出语言模块是一种进化而来的适应机制.本文指出,语言模块论是以唯理论哲学为基础的;而不同语言模块假说则反映了计算理论或进化论不同的心理观.     

中国特色社会主义宗教理论对马克思主义宗教理论的继承和发展

目前学术界对马克思主义宗教理论与中国特色社会主义宗教理论之间关系这一重要问题的探讨,并不多见,本文致力于这一问题的思考。从世界观、辩证观、实践观、价值观等富有意义的四个方面,阐述了中国特色社会主义宗教理论对马克思主义宗教理论的继承。从思想理论到群体实践、西方社会到中国社会、社会革命到社会建设等三个方面阐述了前者对后者的发展。     

托马斯伦理学中的柏拉图主义因素--论托马斯对synderesis与conscientia的区分

托马斯伦理学总体上看虽然主要源于亚里士多德,但这并不排除它在个别理论问题上有其他理论渊源.据此笔者认为,托马斯伦理学中也不乏柏拉图主义因素.本文一方面试图厘清托马斯对于synderesis与conscientia所作的区分,另一方面深人审视这种区分的历史渊源,以期从一个侧面把托马斯伦理学中的柏拉图主义因素彰显出来.     

中国化的马克思主义宗教观研究

中国化的马克思主义宗教观是中国共产党把马克思主义宗教观同中国宗教的具体实际相结合而揭示的关于宗教问题的理论观点、方针政策和实践经验的总结。中国化的马克思主义宗教本质观、历史观是对马克思主义宗教基本观点的继承和超越;中国化的马克思主义宗教安全观、适应观是对马克思主义宗教观的发展和创新;中国化的马克思主义宗教和谐观是马克思主义宗教观中国化的最新理论成果。     

宗教本质新论

本文对现代意义上的宗教学诞生以来的各种宗教本质观作了回顾，着重探讨了对我国学界影响较大的几种宗教本质观之间的分歧及其各自的理论缺陷，提出了＂宗教是一种特殊形态的精神货币，宗教起源于人类为满足自己物质和精神需要所进行的人与异己力量之间的特殊的交换活动＂的宗教本质观与宗教起源说。并对宗教的核心─－信仰问题发表了独到的见解，认为，宗教的本质是中性的，无褒贬之分，宗教的积极意义与消极意义是宗教与政治挂钩的产物。     

坚持道教中国化方向的五个着力点

坚持中国化方向理论是中国特色社会主义宗教理论的重要组成部分。宗教中国化的本质就是解决宗教本土化与时代性这两个问题。对于道教这个唯一的本土宗教形式来说,主要要解决的是道教的现代化转型与可持续发展问题。也就是在保持本有的中国特色基础上,构建新时代的教义思想体系、戒律体系、管理模式、服务模式、信众组织模式等,更好地适应当代社会,更好地服务于当代中国的发展。     

打开信仰者心灵的钥匙——论宗教语言的象征性

<正>一宗教语言有广义和狭义之分。广义的宗教语言,不仅包括在宗教的典籍和各种宗教性质的活动中,信仰者之间彼此交流所使用的语言,而且还包括实物符号和动作、行为符号,这些都可以视为"宗教语言符号"。也     

伊斯兰教妇女观在中国穆斯林民族中的实践——以保安族为中心的田野调查与研究

本文在田野调查保安族聚居的大河家大墩、梅坡、甘河滩村,刘集乡的团结、肖家、高李村的基础上,对保安族宗教经典和世俗社会中有关妇女社会地位进行归纳和分析,认为保安族社会中男女平等是普遍认同的心理。并从社会性别和生命周期理论研究为视角,就伊斯兰教妇女观在保安族日常生活实践中得出,青壮年婚育期家庭中妻子和丈夫承担了自己应有的义务和责任,而且中老年女性在宗教实践中也构建了自己较高的社会地位。本文认为以一个民族的宗教实践来探讨宗教诸问题,具有极为重要的理论价值和现实意义,对构建和谐社会及社会主义新农村有理论指导作用。     

Seeing and hearing and space and space and time

A previous experiment had shown spatial location to be judged in terms of the framework provided by the modality in which stimuli were presented. In the present study, digits were either auditorally or visually presented, and in either form the three digits appeared successivly to the left, in the center, and to the right of the S. The digit which occurred temporally in the middle of the sequence was never central from the spatial viewpoint. The S was asked to indicate which digit was the middle one. Ss were blind, deaf, or normal. The deaf and two control groups saw visual displays, and the blind and their controls heard auditory displays. The former groups predominantly chose the spatially middle digit and the latter groups the temporally middle. It was concluded that modality of presentation was the trigger which switched in the coding dimension of time or space.     

Bob and Carol and Tess and Ali

Conflicting religious experiences in different traditions do not necessarily defeat the rationality of conflicting beliefs sustained by those experiences in those traditions. The circularity that protects religious beliefs from such mutual defeat is not vicious. Moreover, the lack of ‘epistemological humility’ exhibited by such believers poses no threat to world peace. In fact, a campaign for compulsory humility would itself constitute a much greater threat.     

Law and Gospel,and Youth and Family Ministry

Abstract : If “faith comes through hearing” the word of God comprised in law and gospel, how do the imperatives that characterize ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ make such hearing possible? Here, literature delineating ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ is analyzed in light of its biblical foundations. The primary lens implemented in this analysis is the law/gospel hermeneutic advocated by Martin Luther and other reformers.     

Extremes of self-esteem and narcissism and the experience and expression of anger and aggression

This study examined the level of self-esteem and narcissism as personality variables involved in the disposition to experience and express anger. Three hundred thirty-eight subjects were sampled across two higher education centres and one student teaching programme in the United Kingdom. It was reasoned that individuals with both high self-esteem and narcissism would report especially high tendencies to experience and express anger and aggression and that those with high self-esteem and low narcissism would report the lowest. These predictions were influenced by theories that emphasise the role of threats to high self-esteem in the production of aggression and violence. Results indicate that groups defined by their extreme scores on self-esteem and narcissism scales produced levels of anger expression in the predicted direction. The importance of considering extreme levels of self-esteem and narcissism (in conjunction with other factors) in an analysis of anger is discussed with reference to currently influential theories in the field. Aggr. Behav. 24:421–438, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Dance and psychotherapy--possibilities and limits

From a starting point of therapeutic and prophylactic components identifiable in the dance, the authors regard the dance as deserving of greater attention than was hitherto the case in programs of physiotherapy, psychotherapy, and sociotherapy. From the existing essays at a therapy basing on body and motion, they infer basic common points, and to promote discussion, they state their attitudes in respect of the potential and rank of the dance in the concept of complex multimodal psychotherapy.     

Yin and Yang,and the Hot and the Cold

Yin and Yang are important concepts in ancient Chinese philosophy.Western scholars have become more familiar with these two concepts recently,but for a long time almost no one considered comparing them with their own tradition such as the ancient Greek philosophy,and especially with the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Presocratic philosophy.In this paper,I make an attempt to do exactly that,and especially make a detailed comparison between the thoughts of two ancient thinkers:Laozi and Anaximander.I discuss the thought of Yin and Yang in Laozi-who was the earliest philosopher making use of the concepts Yin and Yang-to express his cosmological thought in ancient Chinese philosophy.Comparatively,I discuss the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Anaximander,the earlier among Presocratic philosophers referring to the Hot and the Cold as fundamental concepts used to establish his cosmological system.Through this comparison,I indicate that the similarity between ancient Chinese and Western traditions is far more significant than what people are used to imagining.     

Perversion and infancy and adolescence

Abstract

Studying the works of Freud and Lacan, the authors carried out research on perversion in childhood. Their work covered the perverse polymorphism of infantile sexuality and the perception of the anatomic difference between the sexes that leads the child to create sexual theories and fantasies. The phallic mother and the fetish are viewed as imaginary solutions directly related to the Oedipus and castration complexes. In perversion, a particular position is taken in relation to the Oedipus complex: a serious flaw occurs in the symbolization of the law, and the mechanisms of denial and disavowal take form. Sexuality requires a second “logical time,” separated from infancy by the latency period, in order to confirm (in action) that a fixed position of jouissance (enjoyment) has actually been established. This can only happen in a period after adolescent enhancement. The distinction between perverse traces and a perverse structure is made, taking into account the fact that, in the case of child analysis, the analyst should free the child from the family fantasy and help him/her to build his/her own fantasy.

Campos Santoro V. et al. Perversion und Kindheit und Adoleszenz.

Im Studium der Arbeiten von Freud und Lacan haben die Autoren Forschung über Perversion in der Kindheit gemacht. Die Studien behandeln den perversen Polymorphismus der infantilen Sexualität und die Wahrnehmung des anatomischen Unterschiedes zwischen den Geschlechtern, welche das Kind dazu führt, Sexual-Theorien und Phatasien zu schaffen.

Die phallische Mutter und der Fetisch werden als imaginäre Lösungen angesehen, die sich direkt auf den Ödipus- und Kastrations-Komplex beziehen. Bei der Perversion wird eine besondere Position in Bezug auf den Ödipus angenommen; ein ernsthafter Mangel tritt bei der Symbolisierung des Rechts auf; die Mechanismen der Verneinung und der Verleugnung bilden sich. Sexualität erfordert eine zweite “logische Zeit”, von der Kindheit durch die Latenz Periode getrennt, um (in der Handlung) zu bestätigen, daß eine fixierte Position der jouissance (Vergnügung) sich tatsächlich etabliert hat. Das kann sich nur in einer Periode nach der adoleszenten Verstärkung ereignen.

Es wird die Unterscheidung zwischen perversen Spuren und einer perversen Struktur gemacht, in Rechnung stellend, daß im Fall der Kinder-Analyse der Analytiker das Kind von der Familien-Phantasie befreien sollte und ihm/ihr helfen sollte, seine/ihre Phantasie auszubilden.

Campos Santoro V. Perversión e infancia y adolescencia.

Estudiando los trabajos de Freud y Lacan, los autores han investigado la perversión en la niñez. Los estudios cubren la sexualidad infantil perversa polimorfa y la percepción de la diferencia anatómica entre los sexos, que llevan al niño a crear teorías sexuales y fantasías.

La madre fálica y el fetiche son vistos como soluciones imaginarias relacionadas directamente con el complejo de Edipo y de castración. La perversión, toma una posición particular en relación al Edipo; un fallo importante tiene lugar en la simbolización de la ley; los mecanismos de negación y repudio toman forma. La sexualidad requiere un segundo “tiempo lógico” separado de la infancia por el periodo de latencia, para confirmar (en acto) que una posición fija de jouissance (goce) se ha establecido. Esto solo puede ocurrir en un periodo posterior a la intensificación adolescente.

La distinción entre las huellas perversas y la estructura perversa se ha hecho, teniendo en cuenta que, en el caso del análisis de niños, el analista debe librar al niño de la fantasía familiar y ayudar a el/ella a construir su propia fantasía.     

神圣、凡俗与净明、忠孝

本文结合有关宗教学理论,对宋元净明道所推崇的"净明"、"忠孝"概念进行了解析.作者以为:宋元净明道视世俗性的道德实践为"神圣"的宗教修炼,实与宗教学中的凡俗可以"转换"为神圣之理论相合;而净明道徒的这种"转换",则多与其个体的"宗教体验"有关.至于元代净明道借"无极"概念来释"净明",以"净明"为回复宇宙根源之境界,则合于宗教人经验到与万物的根源、终极的本体或神圣的世界契合之感.换言之,宋元净明道的"净明"、"忠孝"说,实与各种宗教的本质有着相通之处.