试析吕澂先生对"性寂"与"性觉"义之抉择 --以吕澂与熊十力的论学函稿为中心

"性寂"与"性觉"义的分判是吕澂先生佛学研究的主要成果之一.通过对吕澂与熊十力1934年论学函稿的分析,本文疏理了由闻熏义的探讨为契机而引发的"性寂"与"性觉"之辨的基本内涵.     

论张九成“仁即是觉,觉即是心”的思想及其意义

张九成在二程和谢良佐的基础上提出“仁即是觉,觉即是心,因心生觉,因觉有仁”的思想。以觉为心的本质属性,将心与性(仁)连接起来,一方面解决了仁性从潜在到现实何以可能的问题,另一方面将心(或觉)上升到了本体的高度,心之所以在造化和认识宇宙上具有决定性意义,完全在于心之“觉”,从而开始了心学的创立。因为以心为本,所以他强调“正心”之学,以唤起时人麻木的心灵。张九成“觉即是心”的思想无疑受到了禅宗的启发,但因此断定其学为禅学却是不恰当的。正确认识张九成的“仁即是觉,觉即是心”思想,对于重新认识心学具有重大意义。     

吕瀓与熊十力的“闻熏”之争

作为20世纪初期蔚为壮观的儒佛之争的一部分,极少有人注意到吕激与熊十力争论背后更深刻的东西。以佛教的“闻熏”概念为中心,力求揭示吕、熊二人迪异的认识论方式。并认为应该将二人的争论放在整个“闻熏”观念演变史甚或佛教中国化的一环来看待,则更具有深刻的意义。     

试论吕澂佛学思想的后期变化——从吕澂与熊十力辨佛学根本问题说起

本文围绕吕澂与熊十力四十年代关于佛学根本问题的辩论,试图阐明吕澂佛学研究经历了既连接又断裂的两个阶段,他又如何实现由前一阶段向后一阶段的跨越。     

宋代儒佛之辩中的“心”与“觉”

心性论是宋代儒佛之辩的核心议题,本文以儒佛共用的概念“心”与“觉”为核心,从禅宗和理学两方面分析儒佛差异,重点关注以朱熹为代表的南宋儒者在辟佛时所针对的禅宗思想和儒佛之辩的根本原则。在“心”与“觉”的问题上,儒佛之辩的重点在于觉、心、性三者的关系和理路,尤其是禅宗中以知觉为佛性的思想。是否向上一提,有超越“心”与“觉”的最高本体——天理,成为理学与禅宗的根本差异。鉴于程门后学中出现轻视形上本体,强调发挥心之知觉作用的思想倾向,与禅宗单讲觉、觉悟之心有相似之处,因而南宋儒佛之辩的重点转向了儒门内部的思想清理。     

从古“仁”字到孔子的“仁学”——“仁”的原始与变迁及其道德性的构建

孔子仁学的确立与三代以来仁字字义内涵变迁的过程有着密切关系。仁字在孔子之前已经出现并使用,但其道德性内涵并不明显。直至孔子,仁的道德内涵得到了丰富与拓展,逐步向表达人之道德性根据的概念范畴演进。前孔子时代的仁,从指涉人之美好气魄到多才多艺能事鬼神的能力再到与人的品质行为相关的评判标准等,历经多重内涵的发展。受了三代以来思想变迁的影响,仁经由孔子的转化和改造,终于确立了其道德本体性的地位,奠定了核心的价值取向,成为孔子仁学思想的核心。     

自本体与对本体:中西哲学的诠释学基础

中西哲学的根本性差异是自本体思维与对本体思维的差异。所谓自本体的思维,是认为认知对象与认知主体无法分开,强调本体的自我呈现。而对本体思维则首先将存在视之为客观实有,然后去探究这客观实有的真实。自本体思维与对本体思维都是人的二重性存在的客观反映。对于对本体方式来说,它重视对人的工具理性式的生存状态的探究,而自本体则关心人作为价值理性的生存状态的探究。由于人的工具性层面与价值性层面不仅相互补充与依存,而且会相互涵摄,因此,未来哲学的发展,要求我们同时采取自本体思维与对本体思维的方式;而所谓中西哲学的融会与贯通,是指它们在各自保持自身的诠释学传统的基础上,同时理解与吸收对方的诠释学立场与传统。     

熊十力哲学的明心论

<正> 熊十力哲学是五四以来传统色彩最为浓重的一个体系,尽管他在实质上也受到近代西方哲学的刺激与影响,但其体系从思想资料到思想方向都显示出与中国传统哲学(包括佛教)的直接联系。因而,在研究熊十力哲学的过程中,我们不仅要进一步彰显出这种联系,还要由此入手,澄清他对传统究竟做了何种适应现代的调整与转化,从而了解现代新儒家之为“新”的某些特质。在熊十力的哲学中,体用论与明心论构成了这一体系的主要部分。体用论以“体用不二”(?)宗,建立了一个有特色的哲学的宇宙论。明心论则以“本习之辨”为中心,他自称之为“哲学的心理学”。就体用论与明心论的关系说,前者是后者的宇宙论基础,后者是前者在人类     

中国古代哲学中的"本体"概念考辨

"本体论"(ontology)的说法为中国传统文化所无,"本体"却是中国固有之词,"本体论"一词从其面世之日起就具有了中西文化对话与交流的性质。如今我们要重新检视"本体论"的用法,首先要讨论的就是这种文化层面的格义与会通之前提是否成立。本文为此对中国古代哲学中的"本体"用法做了考辨。     

返本体仁的玄览之路——从熊十力哲学的价值取向看当代新儒家的文化思致

一、“耿耿孤心”:真情、诗情、悲情当着海峡此岸的学人终于为“当代新儒家”的消息所吸引时,一位在学坛的寂寞中隐没了多年的哲人被再次发现了。已逝的哲人留给他的一位学生的最初印象是:“初看是没有精神似的,他戴一顶瓜皮帽子,穿一袭长袍,戴一个眼镜,身体不很好,象病夫一样……走路的样子,象游方的郎中一样。”(牟宗三:《时代与感受》,台北鹅湖出版社1984年版,第251页)谁     

反人本主义:马克思主义最重要的基本原则--析阿尔都塞的主体哲学批判

本文对阿尔都塞在理论逻辑意义上拒斥人本主义和历史主义,以及把“主体”视为意识形态的建构并应以“过程”概念取代之等极易引发误解的观点进行深层解读,澄清了阿尔都塞关于反人本主义、反历史主义和反对一切主体哲学作为马克思主义哲学基本原则的内涵,并作出自己的批判性分析。     

An Historical Overview of Basic Approaches and Issues in Ethical and Moral Philosophy and Principles

Summary

This article provides a condensed history of ethics development for the purpose of exposing psychologists and other mental health professionals to ethical and moral bases upon which modern psychological ethics are founded. In addition, it focuses on contemporary theories, with an emphasis on professional ethics.     

Phonological Awareness and Beginning Reading in Spanish-Speaking ESL First Graders: Research into Practice

In the first study, 30 Spanish-speaking English-as-a-second language (ESL) first graders whose families were Latino immigrants and who received all their school instruction in English completed an assessment battery with both Spanish and English measures of phonological awareness, Verbal IQ (VIQ), oral language proficiency, and single-word reading (real words and pseudowords); they also named English alphabet letters. Phonological awareness in Spanish predicted (a) phonological awareness in English and (b) English word reading; thus, phonological awareness may transfer across first and second languages and across oral and written language. English VIQ and oral language proficiency predicted both English and Spanish word reading, but Spanish VIQ and oral language proficiency did not predict English word reading. In the second study, the 4 males and the 4 females with the lowest reading achievement participated in an instructional design experiment in which empirically supported instructional components for teaching beginning reading to monlingual English speakers were included. These components were phonological awareness training (in both Spanish and English), explicit instruction in alphabetic principle (in English), and repeated reading of engaging English text with comprehension monitoring (in English). Both individual students and the group as a whole increased in real-word reading and pseudoword reading beyond the level expected on the basis of their Spanish or English VIQ or oral proficiency. Implications of this research for school psychology practice are discussed, especially the importance of early reading intervention and progress monitoring for Spanish-speaking ESL first graders.     

The Mother-child Relationship as an Archetype for the Relationship between the Virgin Mary and Humanity in the Gospels and the Book of Revelation

Following the work of Stevens Rogers (2002), this article starts with the premise that humanity can be seen as a child growing in changing relationship with his or her mother. With Jesus representing humanity, the relationship between a mother and a child can be an archetype for understanding the changing relationship between the Virgin Mary and humanity as narrated in the Gospels and the Book of Revelation. With the Annunciation by the Angel, the Boy Jesus in the Temple, the wedding at Cana, and Mary at the foot of the cross as developmental stages, this article shows the changing relationship between humanity and the Virgin Mary. Pierre M. Balthazar is a student in the PsyD program in Clinical Psychology at the Illinois School of Professional Psychology.     

The Identity of,and the Difference between,Analytical and Continental Philosophy

This paper intends to invoke the spirit of Hegel as the éminence grise behind analytical and continental philosophy. Both movements can be seen to originate in, or to receive a strong impetus in their development from, a repudiation of Hegel. Even Russell's quest for a systematic logical analysis of language may be seen as an attempt at a quasi- or anti-Hegelian systematicity. The collapse of this systematicity has led to the celebration of difference in both the analytical and continental schools. Another feature of contemporary philosophy is the priority given to invention and creativity over discovery. In this respect, Nietzsche is the master-figure underlying all contemporary allegiance to, and indeed, obsession with, the twin idols of creation and difference.     

The Role of Attitudes and Awareness in Anti-Violence Education

Summary

Most interventions for the prevention of violence in relationships aim at attitudes and awareness. Prevailing attitudes in our society already condemn violence, however, and wife assault is viewed as particularly serious. Some research shows that perpetrators have attitudes more supportive of violence than other people do, but the link between attitudes and behavior can be complex. Trying to persuade people to change their attitudes in one direction can lead instead to people taking more extreme versions of their existing attitudes. Some interventions that raise awareness and promote availability of services appear to teach participants to take the problem less seriously. Most students report neither undesirable attitudes nor low awareness of violence in relationships. But their behavior appears inconsistent with their reported attitudes and awareness. If interpersonal violence has its roots in a problem more fundamental than the views of contemporary society, then anti-violence education based on attitudes and awareness will have limited benefits, and possibly some harmful effects. This article encourages a cautious rethinking of assumptions underlying current anti-violence education and alternative theories of violent behavior. It offers some suggestions for ways to reduce violent behavior, and encourages integration of violence prevention efforts into regular curricula and extra-curricular activities.     

循证卫生管理的探讨

培养博学而人道的医学工作者是医学教育所追求的目标。作为一门交叉学科,医学哲学在医学生的人文素质培养中占有重要地位。对医学哲学的教学内容、理念与方法分别进行探讨,期望医学哲学教育能够提高医学生对与现代医学有关的知识、活动和态度进行批判性反思的意识和能力。     

A Draft for Unifying Controversies in Philosophy of Science

The basic (negative and positive) methodological maxims of three currents of philosophy of science (logical empiricism, falsificationism, and postpositivism) are formulated. Many of these maxims (stratagems) are controversial, e.g., the stance about the nonsense of metaphysics, and that of its indispensability. The restricted validity of these maxims allows for their unification. Within the framework of most of them there may be a relationship of (synchronic, or diachronic) subordination of the contradicting desiderata. In this vein ten stratagems are formulated. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.