公共行政行动主义的知识论考察

公共行政的本质是相关主体基于其意向而生成的行动网络,是为实现美好生活、建设美好社会而采取的行动总体。强调行动意义的公共行政最初酝酿于20世纪社会科学领域再次用实践理念思考人类社会,对社会生活机构与运转进行反思的实践转向,在反思传统理性主义秩序基础上审视行动逻辑的重要性。其次,因为建构主义的本体论及知识观在公共行政领域的运用,公共行政是一定社会历史背景下行动经验的建构过程,需要关注互动性的结构化实践过程。最后也是最重要的,立足于中国社会—历史语境及当下全面深化改革的背景,公共行政行动主义指向非竞争性、非排他性的公共生活,需要在行动理论既有的知识体系中"前进—逆溯",找寻构建本土化公共行政行动主义的可能。     

主动性人格对大学生职业决策困难的影响:职业生涯探索与职业成熟度的中介作用

本研究基于生涯发展理论探讨了主动性人格与大学生职业决策困难的关系,以及职业生涯探索与职业成熟度的中介效应。以接受了专业培训的心理学专业研究生为主试,采用主动性人格量表、职业生涯探索量表、职业成熟度量表和大学生职业决策困难量表对647名大学生进行研究。结果显示:主动性人格影响大学生职业决策困难的路径有四条,(1)主动性人格对大学生职业决策困难具有直接负向预测作用;(2)职业生涯探索在主动性人格与大学生职业决策困难之间起中介作用;(3)职业成熟度在主动性人格与大学生职业决策困难之间起中介作用;(4)职业生涯探索和职业成熟度在主动性人格与大学生职业决策困难之间起链式中介作用。因此,主动性人格不仅会直接影响大学生职业决策困难,还会通过职业生涯探索与职业成熟度间接影响大学生职业决策困难。     

职业生涯高原教师的职业事件编码和再认特点

该研究运用Tversky的社会认知实验范式,对职业生涯高原教师和非职业生涯高原教师在职业生活事件的编码和再认阶段的加工特点进行比较研究。结果发现:(1)职业生涯高原教师比非职业生涯高原教师具有更多的负性编码,存在负性编码偏向;(2)职业生涯高原教师比非职业生涯高原教师具有更多的负性再认,存在负性再认偏向;(3)职业生涯高原教师在编码和再认阶段具有负性的社会认知加工特点。     

社会政策的学术分析维度与研究策略——基于本土的视角

中国社会政策学术研究中出现了过度操作化的政策倡导和评介西方学术成果的理论研究两种倾向。这两种倾向都背离了社会政策是时代的产物这一基本事实判断,因此有必要对社会政策自身发展以及学术研究拓展的过程进行回顾。其中,社会政策的学术特性是与其作为政策行动的发展密切相关的,基于此"中层理论"应当成为中国社会政策研究的基本理论取向,"嵌入性"和"实践"分析作为研究策略对于社会政策制度和行动维度的分析具有较强的理论优势。     

社会工作与社会理论:迈向行动-话语的理论框架

在社会工作的发展过程中,一直存在忽视社会理论的倾向。本文认为,社会理论有助于恢复社会工作的"社会性",有助于社会工作回归其使命。本文从结构-话语、身体-行动两个维度分别讨论哈贝马斯、吉登斯、布迪厄、福柯及巴特勒的社会理论,并探讨了其观点对社会工作实践的启示和可能运用。在此基础上,本文认为,一种行动-话语理论的构建在社会工作与社会理论的结合中是必要而关键的。     

行动及其救赎——汉娜·阿伦特的行动理论

尽管阿伦特视行动为最具政治性的人类活动,但她并不一味地推崇行动,相反,她对行动的局限性有着清醒的认识。行动的特性意味着行动本身有其危险、脆弱的一面,由此行动需要救赎。革命行动与自由、权力的关联,又表明行动本是非常态之事,行动虽有局限,却是自由人弥足珍贵的能力。阿伦特的行动理论,曾被按照展示模式及沟通模式两个方向去解读。对阿伦特行动论述的考察,表明阿伦特之要旨并不在于展示或沟通,而在于自由的落实。只有在此意义上,阿伦特行动理论批判极权主义的力量才能充分显示。     

职业生涯理论述评

本文介绍了职业生涯理论从前职业研究到后职业再到全职业的发展历程。阐述了从人职匹配到环境理论 ,从职业发展阶段论到职业转变理论 ,从社会化与角色理论到人组织匹配的演变过程。指出 :在未来职业生涯研究中 ,整合的职业生涯研究、加强职业发展的中期与后期研究及组织与自我职业生涯管理的互动将是发展重点。     

论组织研究的行动主义转向

组织研究以人的主体性行动作为研究元点。组织的结构是对组织连续性行动的具象描述,组织成员和微观过程将组织的宏观变迁关联起来。社会治理场域中的组织研究正在走向关注组织中的行动者、关注组织行动的关联性特征的行动主义路径上来。行动主义主张社会存在于人的行动之中,因此行动主义的组织研究致力于发现组织中的人性和复杂性,发现组织行动的关联性和去中心化特征,这代表着组织研究将在价值观和方法论上实现双重的转型。进而言之,行动主义为个人行动和组织行动提供了价值指引,不仅将成为后工业社会中组织结构与制度设计的原则,也将成为未来社会治理的原则。     

问题解决任务中行动序列的二分类建模：单/两参数行动序列模型

行动序列作为一种典型的过程数据,可反映被试解决问题的详细步骤。鉴于行动或状态转移可区分正误,本文基于二分类Logistic建模提出两个复杂度相对较低的行动序列模型——单/两参数行动序列模型(1P-/2P-ASM);两者差异在于是否允许自由估计问题状态的区分度。通过实证研究和模拟研究对比探究两个新模型与基于多分类Logistic建模的序列作答模型(SRM)的表现。研究结果主要发现：(1)两个ASM能够获得与SRM几乎一致的问题解决能力估计值;(2)两个ASM的计算耗时明显低于SRM的;(3) 2P-ASM比1P-ASM的综合表现更优。总之,两个模型复杂度相对低的ASM均能够实现对行动序列的有效分析,有益于行动序列数据分析的落地。     

团队行动中反思与团队创新关系研究的动态视角——认知与情绪的双元路径

在复杂变化的市场环境中, 在我国实施创新驱动战略的背景下, 企业的长远发展需要依赖于团队创新以建立独特竞争优势。通过对已有团队反思与创新关系研究的梳理, 发现了二者间关系的黑箱, 理论认为回顾过去能够带来新思想和新变化, 然而针对其如何实现的过程机制的实证研究却十分匮乏。基于此, 在传统的行动后反思的思想基础上, 本研究提出团队行动中反思在概念内涵和实证测量上的区别, 检验行动中反思和行动后反思在不同创新阶段的差异性作用, 动态性分析创意形成和创意实施的行为结果, 通过整合动机性信息加工理论和情绪的社会功能视角, 提出认知层面的信息处理和情感层面的团队情绪这两种机制的耦合方式, 构建团队反思影响创新的整体模型, 并深入探讨影响作用的过程机制和边界条件, 以及对各阶段关系上情境因素的调节作用进行全面的分析, 为反思与创新理论和实践做出贡献。     

高中生生涯学习经验问卷的编制及信效度检验

在文献分析基础上,以Holland（1997）职业理论和社会认知生涯理论为理论依据,结合国内高中生生涯活动的实际情况,编制了高中生生涯学习经验问卷。验证性因素分析结果表明,该问卷属于多维度因素结构,包含Holland六种生涯领域学习经验分问卷,每种分问卷包括成就表现、口头劝服、替代学习和积极情绪唤起等四个学习经验。信效度检验结果表明,该问卷多维构念合理,拟合良好,具备良好的内部一致性信度和构念效度。以中国个人球形职业兴趣量表简版中的生涯自我效能分量表为关联效标,发现在每种生涯领域下的生涯学习经验与生涯自我效能感都显著正相关,支持了量表的实证效度。该问卷可以作为我国高中生生涯学习经验的测量工具。     

Action and language: Contextual action theory in counselling

Contextual action theory is presented as a conceptual framework useful for grounding the recent work in counselling and career development called Life Design. Based on the premise of the goal-directed nature of human action, this approach has links to language in theories of naive action and attribution, and theory of mind. Contextual action theory has an associated research method that has been used to generate a range of research studies that have described actions and projects in the career development and counselling domains. The link that contextual action theory provides between research and practice allows the identification of five tasks for the counselling practitioner informed by this approach.     

Creating a research agenda in career counselling: the place of action theory

After identifying historical and current problems in career counselling research, we propose a research agenda based on contextual action theory. This theory has been used as a framework for research in the career field and for general counselling practice. It is advantageous for several reasons including its conceptual basis, its detailed qualitative and quantitative research method, and the significant link it provides between research and practice. It is supported by the action-project method, an integrated set of procedures developed for conducting research. Contextual action theory and the action-project method can address major emerging issues in career counselling, for example the place of emotion and the use of narrative, and advance the research agenda in this field.     

国外生涯适应力研究述评

生涯适应力是个体因应生涯角色变化并与之保持平衡的能力, 被视为个体在快速变化的现代社会中获得生涯成功的关键能力, 是国外近年来生涯心理学领域的一个新理论生长点。在综合国外相关研究的基础上, 从生涯适应力的缘起、概念内涵、理论建构及实证研究等方面对生涯适应力的研究进行了综述, 以便人们更深入地体会其丰富的理论内涵和实践价值; 最后, 该文指出未来生涯适应力的研究应继续注重理论建构的丰富和完善、注意概念的文化适应性、关注其在生涯咨询实践中的应用以及加强对有生涯困境群体的研究。     

Maladaptive repetition and career construction

The role of repeated maladaptive relationship patterns established early in life has been widely studied with the goal of understanding the various factors and processes that contribute to and occur during development and psychological adaptation. The effects of maladaptive patterns have also been studied with regard to the goal of guiding interventions. The present article is intended to highlight the contribution of Career Construction Theory (CCT) for the integration of the concept of maladaptive repetition into the theory and practice of career counseling. It begins with a constructivist conceptualization of maladaptive repetition and proceeds to situate this concept within the contexts of both CCT and the constructivist conception of career indecision. The article then presents a case study, discusses difficulties that arise during career decision-making, and analyzes the maladaptive cycle rupture considering the client's perspective about her transformation.     

职业弹性对工作绩效和职业满意度影响的实证研究

摘要：职业弹性是指个体灵活应对变化的职业环境甚至是逆境的职业能力。在控制无关变量及同一方法偏差的基础上,本文考察了职业弹性的不同维度对其后效变量的影响。通过对某信息集团下属的59家电子相关企业中的324位管理人员的问卷调查,结果表明职业弹性会影响个体的工作绩效和职业满意度,管理者的职业弹性越高,其工作绩效越高、职业满意度也越高。     

The effect of a career adaptability psycho-educational programme on coping with career indecision and career adaptability: A pilot study

This study aimed to examine the effects of a career construction theory-oriented Career Adaptability Psycho-educational Programme on career adaptability and coping with career indecision in Turkish high school students. Twenty-six participants took part in the experimental design. A split-plot (mixed) design of 2 × 3 (experimental/control groups X pretest/posttest/follow-up test) was used. It was found that the Career Adaptability Psycho-educational Programme has a significant effect on coping with career indecision and career adaptability; the same effect was found for the follow-up measures completed 4 months later.     

Expatriate career intentions: Links to career adaptability and cultural intelligence

Given the increasing rate of global mobility, it is important to have a greater understanding of the factors that influence intentions for expatriate careers. Guided by the Career Construction Theory and Intelligence Theory, this study takes the view that self-initiated expatriation as a form of global mobility is an adaptive vocational behavior driven by an individual's self-regulatory capacity to thrive in another country and work to build one's career. This study posits that individuals who want to work overseas rely mainly on their adaptive resources to develop their careers. Additionally, career adaptability, as a self-regulatory competency, is posited to be reinforced by an individual's intercultural capability (i.e., cultural intelligence). To test these assertions, data were collected in a sample of university students (n = 514) in the Philippines, a country reported to have high rates of overseas migration for economic and career-related reasons. Career adaptability was found to be positively and significantly related to overseas career intentions. In addition, cultural intelligence was found to moderate the said relationship. These results offer the groundwork for understanding the earlier stages of expatriate careers and, in particular, how the intention to have a career in another country is developed and influenced by the interaction between the self-regulatory characteristics and intercultural capability of individuals.     

The role of career adaptability in predicting entrepreneurial intentions: A moderated mediation model

Guided by the Career Construction Theory (Savickas, 2013), we view entrepreneurship as an adaptive vocational behavior driven by an individual's self-regulatory capacity to thrive in a complex entrepreneurial career context. Our research model posited that individuals rely on their adaptive resources and entrepreneurial self-efficacy as they form entrepreneurial intentions. Career adaptability, as self-regulatory competencies, is further strengthened by prior exposure to family business. We collected data over three measurement periods from Serbian business students (n = 380) and validated the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale (CAAS). The moderated mediation model was supported and as predicted: (a) career adaptability was positively associated with entrepreneurial intentions and (b) the mediated relationship between career adaptability and entrepreneurial intentions via entrepreneurial self-efficacy was stronger for individuals with prior exposure to family business. In addition, we provide evidence for the psychometric properties of CAAS by examining its internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and factor structure. Taken together, our study offers the groundwork for understanding successful adaptation in the entrepreneurial career context and supports the cross-national measurement equivalence and utility of CAAS in a developing economy.     

民族文化认同与大学生职业成熟度的关系及其心理机制

为考察大学生民族文化认同与职业成熟度的关系及其内在心理机制,本研究采用多民族青少年文化认同问卷、大学生生涯自我效能感量表和大学生职业成熟度量表对4292名在校大学生进行测查,结果发现：（1）大学生的主流文化认同、民族文化认同、生涯自我效能感和职业成熟度之间具有明显的正相关;（2）主流文化认同--生涯自我效能感在民族文化认同与职业成熟度之间起链式中介作用;（3）生涯自我效能感中介民族文化认同与职业成熟度的关系在男生样本中不显著而在女生样本中显著;主流文化认同、生涯自我效能感分别单独中介民族文化认同与职业成熟度的关系在汉族大学生样本中为部分中介,而在少数民族大学生样本中为完全中介。