“度人”思想与道教笔记小说

神仙思想是道教的核心信仰,追求长生成仙是道教徒的终极目标。在道教产生之前,神仙思想就已经非常流行。道教产生后,这种追求“自度”的神仙思想发展成为一种更为精致的、对成仙充满自信的“自力本愿”的神仙思想。作为一种旨在济世救民的宗教,为扩大宗教影响,于是,“他力本愿”,度人成仙的神仙思想开始流行起来。①六朝时期,宣扬“仙道贵生,无量度人”思想的灵宝派兴起后,度人成仙思想在道教传播中的影响日益扩大。针对只重视个人修炼成仙思想的局限性,灵宝派指出:“圣人传授经教,教于世人,使未闻者闻,未知者知,欲以此法桥,普度一切人也。…     

《析经求真:陆修静与灵宝经关系新探》

正在中国历史上儒、佛、道三教之一的"道教"基于三洞四辅部经典,其中备受关注的就是三洞部的洞玄部《灵宝经》。道教的诸多教理、科仪都是由《灵宝经》提出,所以《灵宝经》的研究在道教研究之中占据了极其重要的位置。《灵宝经》研究虽然有大量的研究成果,但是有一个关键性问题一直悬而未决,即陆修静是否直接参与改编《灵宝经》。虽然之     

唐前道教仪式史纲(三)

九、刘宋陆修静(406-477)对灵宝科仪的整理和发展南朝刘宋陆修静是一位在多方面做出了贡献的高道,尤以科仪方面的贡献最为卓越,被视为道教史上的“科教三师”之一。陆修静一生撰述的“斋法仪范”据说有“百余卷”4○69,现存于《道藏》的科仪书包括《洞玄灵宝五感文》(DZ1278)、《洞玄灵宝斋说光烛戒罚灯祝愿仪》470○(DZ524)、《太上洞玄灵宝法烛经》471○(DZ349)、《太上洞玄灵宝众简文》(DZ410)、《太上洞玄灵宝授度仪》(DZ528),他书著录者还有《然灯礼祝威仪》47○2、《宿启建斋仪》473○、《升元步虚章》、《灵宝步虚词》、《步虚洞…     

顾恺之《洛神赋图》中的道教神仙意蕴

中国道教的信仰核心就是得道成仙,道教文化孕育出“神仙情结”,并构筑了一个完整的神仙谱系,即天神、地祗、人鬼和仙真的总汇。顾恺之《洛神赋图》中的洛神就是其中的一员。神仙世界是一个逍遥的世界,《庄子》书中记有“真人”、“至人”、“神人”和他们“不食五谷,吸     

灵宝派

道教教派之一。始创于东晋末年。道教中,“灵宝”一词最早见于《太平经》,原仅为神灵宝贵之意。晋安帝隆安(397—401)中,葛洪族孙葛巢甫附会引伸,造作《灵宝经》30余卷,并胪列一个上自元始天尊,下至葛玄及其后嗣的传经系统。至南朝宋时,陆修静“更加增修,立成仪轨,于是灵宝之教,大行于世” (唐闾丘方远:《太上洞玄灵宝大纲钞》)。灵宝派受上清派的影响,在存     

中国古代小说视野中的民众“仙界”观念

道教创立后,在汲取古代神话传说及民间信仰基础上,形成了自己的神仙境界系统,并对中国文学产生了巨大影响。“仙境”的观念早在道教之前就存在。虽然道教产生后在汲取“仙境”传说基础上形成了宗教色彩更浓的神仙境界理论,但“仙境”本身并非是一个纯宗教范畴。从最早的乐园神话开始,“仙境”就是中国先民集体意识中和谐富裕、平和安乐生活的象征,是中国人理想生活的一个缩影以及隐蔽在他们心灵深处的一个美好梦想。道教在先民原有的“仙境”思想的基础,又构造了自己的神仙谱系。道教认为,神仙有不同等级,居于不同的仙境,《太平经》分神仙为…     

阁皂山灵宝派初探

灵宝派是中国道教传承绵远的道派,灵宝派历来重视众生性命,以济世度人为立教宗旨。灵宝派奉三国道士葛玄(164-244)为祖师,道门人士尊称为太极葛仙公。葛玄早期居天台山修道,曾漫游括苍、南岳、罗浮诸名山,后选择江南名胜皂山建庵传道。葛洪(284-363)为葛玄再传弟子,葛玄、葛洪祖孙二人并称为葛家道,皂山因有葛仙公修道灵迹,成为天下灵宝派道士所信向的祖庭。一、早期灵宝派的传承系谱道教经典中有关于灵宝经传承的记载,《云笈七签》卷三《道教所起》宣称:道教的灵宝经初传于天真皇人,天真皇人于峨眉山授轩辕皇帝,天真皇人还于牧德之台授帝喾…     

《太上灵宝元阳妙经》的学习思想

《太上灵宝元阳妙经》(以下简称《太》)是成书于南北朝时期的道教经书,全文十卷,经文中杂有大量佛教教义。《太》以发展道教为目的,以度人为教义,以人自度为条件,提出相当丰富的教学思想和学习思想。它以道教经书为其教学内容,并提出诸如因材施教、答问、教学相长等教学原则和方法;在学习方面特别提出了独具特色的学习思想。     

"度人"思想与道教笔记小说

神仙思想是道教的核心信仰,追求长生成仙是道教徒的终极目标。在道教产生之前,神仙思想就已经非常流行。当时的方士和神仙家一般只热衷于个人成仙,或者帮助帝王、贵族成仙,而对救度普通人没有多少兴趣。道教产生后,这种追求“自度”的神仙思想发展成为一     

《析经求真:陆修静与灵宝经关系新探》

<正>作者:王皓月,中华书局2017年版本书以《真文赤书》《人鸟五符》《玉京山步虚经》《诸天自然内音玉字》四部经典为中心,考察东晋、南朝时期相关道教经典的内容和关系,通过经典思想的演进推测经典编纂的顺序和时期,进而分析陆修静改编《灵宝经》的动机和方式,对六朝时期道教的形成及道教的道派进行重新认识,指出陆修静使用敷演的手法     

"Psychotherapy" versus "treatment"

Presents a comment on "Psychological treatments" by D. H. Barlow. Barlow proposed that we distinguish between the terms "treatment" and "psychotherapy." The author believes that not only is the distinction unnecessary, but that its implications could have negative consequences for the field of clinical psychology. It is the proposed distinguishing feature that treatments are "specifically tailored to the pathological process that is causing the impairment and distress" that is most problematic. Clinical psychology does not need a distinction that further exacerbates the split between researchers and practitioners.     

"Enmeshment" and "Fusion"

The paper examines two related concepts utilized by two different schools of family therapy. Any family seen to be "enmeshed" is also seen as "fused," and vice versa. The difference in the level of focus, on the "system containing the individuals" (structural) or the "individual in the system" (fusion), determines the difference in therapeutic approach of these two schools.     

“对的”与“好的”

什么是“对的”,和对它的证立,是道德哲学中具有争议性的核心问题,也是效用主义和道义论间的主要差异之所在。统合效用主义对于“好的就是对的”这个陈述有一套完整周延的说法。而道义论对这个问题的证立不够周延或没有足够的说服力。     

"本体论"与"伦理学"--形而上学的两个向度

形而上学有两个密切相关的内在向度,就是本体论向度与伦理学向度.在哲学史上,哲学家们之所以在"追求形而上学"的同时,又总是"反形而上学",并非是人们的形上本性出了问题,而是因为人们总是将形而上学视为单纯的"一维性",总是用一个向度来取代或遮蔽另一个向度.而所谓的"后形而上学思想",也并不是消解了形而上学,而是指形而上学从"本体论向度"转向了"伦理学向度".     

从"管制"到"平衡"--政府与公众理想关系模式的构建及其制度化

论文从行政民主的角度探讨政府与公众之间的理想关系模式及其制度化构建过程 ,将我国在改革之前的政府与公众模式概括为管制模式。论文指出 ,在制度变迁的过程中 ,这一模式日益受到挑战。而在新的制度环境下 ,我国政府与公众的关系模式应该是平衡模式。这一模式的制度化措施包括培育自主的市民社会 ,赋予公众以独立的活动空间 ;促进行政公开 ,建立一个开放负责的政府 ;推进行政法建设 ,抑制行政恣意     

"石狮"、"风水"与"吉祥"

谁都知道,在古老的中国,不管是衙门、宫殿、庙宇的门前,还是豪宅、大户人家的门口,人们都能看到摆着一对石狮。据说,这对石狮子在许多中国人的心目中,它不但是一种气派的象征,而且还是一种被人认为是好的“吉祥物”。如今,旧时的衙门没有了,但遗留下来的宫殿、庙宇的门前,其中有些石狮仍有保存。然而,想像不到的是,这号称“吉祥物”的石狮今天却开始“走”进某些党政机关的大门口,它们(石狮)在那里时时都在保护着这些政府要员“平平安安”、“吉祥如意”。这不仅使我联想起一些极端的报道,有些政府官员为升迁,请算命先生定位,用风水术为政府…     

PREFERRING "HOUSEWIVES" TO "FEMINISTS"

Four studies are described outlining the favorability of attitudes toward women. In Study 1, participants indicated their attitudes toward women and men and their construal of the term "women". The results revealed that women were evaluated more favorably than men, but that male right-wing authoritarians (RWAs) who construed women as referring primarily to feminists were least favorable in their attitudes. In Study 2, participants indicated their attitudes toward both "housewives" and "feminists". The results revealed that feminists were evaluated less favorably than housewives, and that the most negative attitudes toward feminists were expressed by authoritarian men. Study 3 revealed that high-RWA males held more negative symbolic beliefs concerning feminists (i.e., beliefs that feminists failed to promote participants'values) and that these beliefs accounted for variation in attitudes among high RWAs and much of the RWA-attitude relation. Finally, Study 4 revealed that high RWAs perceived greater value dissimilarity between them-selves and feminists. The implications of the findings for future research are discussed.     

"Us" and "Them":

Abstract: In the Aristotelian tradition, politics is a matter of public deliberation over questions of justice and injustice. The Bush administration's response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, has been uniformly hostile to this notion, and it has instead promoted a jingoistic politics of self‐assertion by an America largely identified with the executive branch of its government. This is doubly disturbing, as the executive branch has sought to free itself from international law, multinational commitments, and domestic judicial regulation, even as it has sought to validate itself by demonizing its enemies. This essay draws out the disturbing echoes here of Carl Schmitt's work of the 1920s, in particular of Schmitt's conception of the sovereign as the ungrounded ground of the law and the political as the site of mortal conflict between friend and enemy. The essay argues that Schmitt's position in the twenties, for all of its evident problems, is superior to that of Bush, Wolfowitz, and Ashcroft in at least two senses: Schmitt condemns the idea of waging war for profit and recognizes that such wars will often be disguised as moral crusades waged against the “inhuman”; and he acknowledges that claiming to fight a war for humanity denies one's enemies their humanity, leaving them open to torture and even extermination.