医学伦理学教育在口腔修复学教学中的应用

医学伦理学是促进口腔健康服务与提高医学道德的重要因素.在口腔修复学的理论与实践教学中,将医学伦理学渗透入病例讨论中,使学生在学习期间掌握基本的医学伦理学原则,同时也有助于提高学生的职业素养和道德水平,这对于推动我国口腔卫生事业的发展具有重要的作用.     

Using Taoist Principle of the Unity of Opposites to Explain Conflict and Peace

This article explains the principle of the unity of opposites in Taoist psychology and its implications for understanding social cognition and the meaning of Taoist awareness in human domains. In addition, it describes the distinctions between personal awareness and Taoist awareness. It is maintained that psychological conflict stems from applying the personal awareness to evaluating, explaining, and adjusting our mental and interpersonal relationships, whereas peace stems from following the Taoist principle.     

细菌感染性疾病中的对立统一规律与Quorum Sensing系统

引起人类细菌性感染的病原菌可以分为条件致病菌和非条件致病菌,不同性质的细菌引起的感染决定了感染矛盾的特殊性,对于不同质的矛盾,只有用不同质的方法才能解决。抗生素的发明和使用为人类控制感染性疾病的同时,这种单纯的“对抗”的解决方法也引出了一些新的矛盾。因此,细菌感染矛盾的特殊性决定我们不能采用千篇一律的“对抗斗争”形式,而必须寻求一种特殊的解决方式。对QS系统的研究发现在细菌表现致病性过程中发挥重要作用,通过QS系统减弱细菌的致病性而不杀死细菌的“抗致病性药物”来治疗感染成为一种新的抗感染思路,这种“抗致病性”概念使我们抗感染的态度从与细菌“对抗”转变为“共生”,因而QS系统可以为这种特殊矛盾提供一个合理的解决方式。     

酒精性脂肪性肝病与非酒精性脂肪性肝病的对立统一

脂肪性肝病从病因上分为酒精性和非酒精性FLD,两者在临床诊断标准、分型、针对性治疗措施方面显著不同;但在防治目标、非药物治疗、保肝护肝等基础治疗方面又是一致的,这种对立统一的关系对我们的临床诊疗有着重要的指导意义,在临床实践中需要通盘考虑.     

酒精性脂肪性肝病与非酒精性脂肪性肝病的对立统一

脂肪性肝病从病因上分为酒精性和非酒精性FLD,两者在临床诊断标准、分型、针对性治疗措施方面显著不同;但在防治目标、非药物治疗、保肝护肝等基础治疗方面又是一致的,这种对立统一的关系对我们的临床诊疗有着重要的指导意义,在临床实践中需要通盘考虑。     

中国传统道德中"仁"与"义"的对立统一

在中国传统伦理文化中,存在着统治阶层和思想阶层的"大传统"与平民阶层的"小传统"之间的分野,前者宣扬仁爱与礼教,倡导以"仁"为核心的道德体系,后者则崇尚情义与平等,信奉以"义"为特色的道德观念,二者既对立又统一,共同存在于同一社会中并相互融合.     

The Opposites Task: Using General Rules to Test Cognitive Flexibility in Preschoolers

Executive functions play an important role in cognitive development, and during the preschool years especially, children's performance is limited in tasks that demand flexibility in their behavior. We asked whether preschoolers would exhibit limitations when they are required to apply a general rule in the context of novel stimuli on every trial (the “opposites” task). Two types of inhibitory processing were measured: response interference (resistance to interference from a competing response) and proactive interference (resistance to interference from a previously relevant rule). Group data show 3-year-olds have difficulty inhibiting prepotent tendencies under these conditions, whereas 5-year-olds’ accuracy is near ceiling in the task.     

Islamic Spirituality in America: A Middle Path to Unity

This article summarizes the concept of Islamic spirituality, with its emphasis on personal and community forms of worship. In addition to reviewing the pillars of faith that are the foundation of the Islamic religion, this article explains the concept of the “middle path.” The author shows how integration of various realms (spiritual, social, moral, and individual) allows the Muslim person to live a peaceful life, with the center of Muslim existence being God's unity. Through this concept of unity, Muslims may be able to assist the rest of the United States in working towards solutions for the loss of community in modern society. Implications for working with American Muslims are offered.