姚广孝与白云观

姚广孝是元末明初杰出的僧人,同时在文学、科技、绘画等方面也有非常杰出的表现,更由于他在明成祖争夺帝位的"靖难之役"中起过非常关键的作用,<明史>将其班于"靖难功臣"之首,明史专家商传先生称赞他是"明初著名政治家",日本学者甚至誉之为"缁衣宰相",因而成为中国历史上不可多见的著名人物.     

姑苏道士席应珍考略

元末明初的姑苏道士席应珍博通三教,与明代著名“缁衣宰相”姚广孝有长期而密切的交往,并对后者产生了积极影响.这是宋元以来中国儒、释、道文化交融发展的典型事例,在中国道教史上具有独特意义.利用姚广孝所撰《海虞席先生墓铭》等原始资料,可以对席应珍的籍贯名姓、师承法嗣、住持宫观、治学修为,以及其与姚广孝的关系等问题,进行较为详细的考辨.     

简讯

本刊讯中国佛教图书馆自去年成立以来,在原中国佛学院图书资料室的基础上,正逐步展开经像收集工作。承故宫博物院的支持,将所藏原北京护国寺明初大喇嘛班丹札西塑像(俗传为姚广孝国师像)拨借陈列。该像全组三尊,平均高度二·五米左右,为明代艺术珍品。又蒙赵朴初居士捐唐人写经《维摩经》一卷,王兆基居士捐唐人     

《道藏》四卷本《唐玄宗御制道德真经疏》辨误

本文指出,<道藏>四卷本<唐玄宗御制道德真经疏>以杜光庭<道德真经广圣义>文为主,杂采成玄英<道德经义疏>及唐玄宗<御疏>等,非唐玄宗所撰;认为是五代后蜀乔讽所编<道德经疏义节解>原书.     

《文心雕龙》易学撰著体例探析

就<文心雕龙>撰著体例而言,刘勰依据汉易象数原则及马融对"大衍之数"的解释,原本只将全书定为五十章并分为上下两篇;依汉易对"太极"及"三才"说的解释,由<原道>、<征圣>、<宗经>三篇构成总论,<原道>则相当于"其一不用"的"太极".由<辨骚>至<书记>为上篇文体论,依"取象"原则,旨在论文体渊源与流变;下篇旨在论"问数",而<神思>至<总术>又是集中阐述"驭文之术";上篇<原道>以下及下篇<神思>以下各篇篇第次序都是依取"两两相偶"的解易体例排定的,故<文心雕龙>通行本各篇篇第次序当为原貌.依象数不离及八宫卦原则,上篇与下篇又存在着对应关系.总之,刘勰<文心雕龙>的撰著体例是依取汉易象数学的解易体例而确立的.     

刘向、刘歆父子的易说

刘向、刘歆是汉代著名学者,对<周易>颇有研究.其易说保存在<汉书>的<艺文志>、<律历志>、<五行志>和刘向<说苑>中.本文据此对刘氏父子的易说作了初步探讨,认为他们所提出的"<易>为五经之原"、"人更三圣"说、"太极元气"说、"河图洛书"说,在易学史上都占有重要地位,产生了深刻影响,是一份值得发掘的文化资源.     

王随及其《传灯玉英集》

景德元年,道原上进<景德传灯录>,宋真宗下诏编入大藏,此书成为宋代文人参禅的重要读本.而抄录<传灯录>也成为宋代士大夫参禅的重要方法,<传灯玉英集>正是王随抄录<传灯录>之作.本文详细考察了王随与佛教的关系,王随编集<传灯玉英集>的原则以及<传灯玉英集>的价值.     

《美与时代》杂志社隆重庆祝创刊20周年

近日,<美与时代>杂志社在北京举行了创刊20周年庆祝会.<美与时代>创办人、原国家新闻出版署署长、现任全国政协科教文卫体委员会副主任、中国版协主席于友先同志出席会议并讲了话.     

《太平经》图像作于明代考

<正统道藏>收录有<太平经>57卷,国内学者多认为它为汉代道经<太平清领书>之残卷,日本学者则倾向认为它出于六朝本<太平经>,但这些讨论都没有涉及其中的图像内容.通过对57卷本<太平经>中图像多角度的详细解读,证明这些图像绘于明代,盖当时原图像已经遗失或严重损毁,时人根据经文内容对其进行了再创作.     

论程大昌的易学思想

程大昌是南宋时期图书学派的重要代表人物,著有<易原>、<易老通言>两部易学专著,他以刘牧所论的黑白点图式的河图洛书为<周易>之原,以"太极"为制变之祖.本文指出,在尚未对河图洛书的来源与内容上进行理性求证的情况下,程大昌提出"卦画之智发于图书",并将圣人作<易>看成是天地用心"以数发智"的结果,为<周易>的源起抹上了浓厚的神秘色彩,而他解"易有太极"为"变易之道有立乎其极者焉",释"四象生八卦"为四气生八卦"出震终艮"更迭之序,将<周易>之"太极"与<老子>之"一"贯通理解,则拓展了<周易>文本的诠释空间.     

易道辩正

易道是易学思想的精髓或内在精神,其最根本的特征是所谓的“一阴一阳之道”。作为易学结构基元的易卦卦象符号,与阴阳观念具有先天性的亲和力,从而使得阴阳观念有了一个可以符号化表征的形式系统。在汉代,阴阳五行与易学成为一个统一的有机整体。两汉的象数理论试图将易道(天道)完全形式化努力的最终结果是“入于礻几祥”,成为一套牵强附会的繁琐哲学。魏晋以后,诸如“时”、“中”一类具有明显的个人独知默会、参悟修证意义的命题,逐渐成为一阴一阳、生生不息的“易道”最为生动的表征。道之真谛,若以易理言之,就是“自强不息”,“与时偕行”。     

"全球伦理"与"文明的冲突"

自美国9.11恐怖袭击事件后,塞缪尔.亨廷顿关于“文明冲突”的理论引起人们高度兴趣。以宗教为核心的文明之间的冲突真的难以化解吗?汉斯.昆的“全球伦理”观点对此提出挑战。本文将浅析一下“全球伦理”,及其化解“文明冲突”的可能性。     

方术迷信的"灵验"揭秘

方术作为中华神秘文化的一个重要的组成部分,是一种既不同于宗教又与宗教有联系的企图借助于“鬼神”等神秘力量来消灾免祸、延年益寿、添财加福的可操作性的东西,如八卦术、算命术、风水术、占梦术、测字术、巫术等。 方术尽管是唯心的不可相信的东西,在历代也遭到了一些人的攻击和批判,然而为何屡不绝迹,有时甚至风靡一时、影响很大,即使在今天仍然有其市场呢?其中一个重要的原因在于一些人认为方术“灵验”。 方术“灵验”的原因是什么?到底是哪些因素     

"Psychotherapy" versus "treatment"

Presents a comment on "Psychological treatments" by D. H. Barlow. Barlow proposed that we distinguish between the terms "treatment" and "psychotherapy." The author believes that not only is the distinction unnecessary, but that its implications could have negative consequences for the field of clinical psychology. It is the proposed distinguishing feature that treatments are "specifically tailored to the pathological process that is causing the impairment and distress" that is most problematic. Clinical psychology does not need a distinction that further exacerbates the split between researchers and practitioners.     

"Enmeshment" and "Fusion"

The paper examines two related concepts utilized by two different schools of family therapy. Any family seen to be "enmeshed" is also seen as "fused," and vice versa. The difference in the level of focus, on the "system containing the individuals" (structural) or the "individual in the system" (fusion), determines the difference in therapeutic approach of these two schools.     

"本体论"与"伦理学"--形而上学的两个向度

形而上学有两个密切相关的内在向度,就是本体论向度与伦理学向度.在哲学史上,哲学家们之所以在"追求形而上学"的同时,又总是"反形而上学",并非是人们的形上本性出了问题,而是因为人们总是将形而上学视为单纯的"一维性",总是用一个向度来取代或遮蔽另一个向度.而所谓的"后形而上学思想",也并不是消解了形而上学,而是指形而上学从"本体论向度"转向了"伦理学向度".     

“对的”与“好的”

什么是“对的”,和对它的证立,是道德哲学中具有争议性的核心问题,也是效用主义和道义论间的主要差异之所在。统合效用主义对于“好的就是对的”这个陈述有一套完整周延的说法。而道义论对这个问题的证立不够周延或没有足够的说服力。     

The development of children's understanding of "because" and "so"

Children's (5 years, 8 months to 8 years, 4 months) comprehension of "because" and "so" was assessed on both enactment and sentence completion tasks. The use of a within-subject design permitted performance on each task to be interpreted in terms of performance on the other. The pattern of results provided evidence against a componential model for the acquisition of causal connectives. This model holds that the two meaning components (cause, order) are acquired separately, with the order component being acquired several years later than the causal component. The results also were in accord with predictions derived from a contextual model of children's developing understanding of terms expressing logical relationships. This model posits that the understanding of relational terms is initially context dependent, such that children can understand relational terms when they express familiar relationships, but experience difficulty in forming representations of novel relationships solely on the basis of linguistic input. The lexical components of because and so are understood during the context-dependent stage, and the transition from context-dependent to context-independent understanding does not reflect further lexical development, but rather increasing facility in dealing with decontextualized linguistic input.     

Comparison of two theories of "ratio" and "difference" judgments

This article examines the hypothesis that judges compare stimuli by ratio and subtractive operations when instructed to judge" "ratios" and "differences." Rule and Curtis hold that magnitude estimations are a power function of subjective values, with an exponent between 1.1 and 2.1. Accordingly, the two-operation model tested assumes magnitude estimations of "ratios" are a comparable power function of subjective ratios. In contrast, Birnbaum and Veit theorize that judges compare two stimuli by subraction for both "ratio" and "difference" instructions and that magnitude estimations of "ratios" are approximately an exponential function of subjective differences. Three tests were used to compare the theory of one operation with the two-operation theory for the data of nine experiments. The results strongly favor the theory that observers use the same operation for both instructions.