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1.
Donald Capps 《Journal of religion and health》2009,48(3):368-380
William James presented “The Gospel of Relaxation” (James in W. James, Writings 1878–1899, 1992) to the 1896 graduating class of Boston Normal School of Gymnastics and a decade later he delivered his presidential address
“The Energies of Men” (James in W. James, Writings 1902–1910, 1987) to the American Philosophical Association. Both lectures focus on the body’s influence on emotions and on the liberating
effects of live ideas on the body’s natural energies. They also reflect his use of the popular spiritual hygiene literature
of his day to support his arguments. The first address draws on Hannah Whitall Smith’s views on disregarding our negative
emotions and on Annie Payson Call’s writings, specifically her views on relaxation; the second on Horace Fletcher’s writings,
specifically his views on anger and worry. I use these original sources to expand on key ideas in the two addresses, i.e.,
the role of imitation in altering unhealthy physiological habits and the energy-releasing role of suggestive ideas.
相似文献
Donald CappsEmail: |
2.
Guillermo E. Rosado Haddock 《Axiomathes》2012,22(1):171-193
This paper discusses Husserl’s views on physical theories in the first volume of his Logical Investigations, and compares them with those of his contemporaries Pierre Duhem and Henri Poincaré. Poincaré’s views serve as a bridge to
a discussion of Husserl’s almost unknown views on physical geometry from about 1890 on, which in comparison even with Poincaré’s—not
to say Frege’s—or almost any other philosopher of his time, represented a rupture with the philosophical tradition and were
much more in tune with the physical geometry underlying the Einstein-Hilbert general theory of relativity developed more than
two decades later. 相似文献
3.
Donald Capps 《Journal of religion and health》2008,47(4):560-576
In four earlier articles, I focused on the theme of the relationship of melancholia and the mother, and suggested that the
melancholic self may experience humor (Capps, 2007a), play (Capps, 2008a), dreams (Capps, 2007c), and art (Capps, 2008b) as restorative resources. I argued that Erik H. Erikson found these resources to be valuable remedies for his own melancholic
condition, which had its origins in the fact that he was illegitimate and was raised solely by his mother until he was three years
old, when she remarried. In this article, I focus on two themes in Freud’s Leonardo da Vinci and a memory of his childhood (1964): Leonardo’s relationship with his mother in early childhood and his inhibitions as an artist. I relate these two themes
to Erikson’s own early childhood and his failure to achieve his goal as an aspiring artist in his early twenties. The article
concludes with a discussion of Erikson’s frustrated aspirations to become an artist and his emphasis, in his psychoanalytic
work, on children’s play.
Donald Capps is Professor of Pastoral Psychology at Princeton Theological Seminary. His books include Men, Religion, and
Melancholia (1997), Freud and Freudians on Religion (2001), and Men and Their Religion: Honor, Hope, and Humor 相似文献
4.
We present evidence that a dog (Philip, a 4-year-old tervueren) was able to use different human actions as samples against which to match his own behaviour. First, Philip was trained to repeat nine human-demonstrated actions on command (‘Do it!’). When his performance was markedly over chance in response to demonstration by one person, testing with untrained action sequences and other demonstrators showed some ability to generalise his understanding of copying. In a second study, we presented Philip with a sequence of human actions, again using the ‘Do as I do’ paradigm. All demonstrated actions had basically the same structure: the owner picked up a bottle from one of six places; transferred it to one of the five other places and then commanded the dog (‘Do it!’). We found that Philip duplicated the entire sequence of moving a specific object from one particular place to another more often than expected by chance. Although results point to significant limitations in his imitative abilities, it seems that the dog could have recognized the action sequence, on the basis of observation alone, in terms of the initial state, the means, and the goal. This suggests that dogs might acquire abilities by observation that enhance their success in complex socio-behavioural situations.This contribution is part of the special issue “Animal Logics” (Watanabe and Huber 2006). 相似文献
5.
Rabern and Rabern (Analysis 68:105–112 2) and Uzquiano (Analysis 70:39–44 4) have each presented increasingly harder versions of ‘the hardest logic puzzle ever’ (Boolos The Harvard Review of Philosophy
6:62–65 1), and each has provided a two-question solution to his predecessor’s puzzle. But Uzquiano’s puzzle is different from the
original and different from Rabern and Rabern’s in at least one important respect: it cannot be solved in less than three
questions. In this paper we solve Uzquiano’s puzzle in three questions and show why there is no solution in two. Finally,
to cement a tradition, we introduce a puzzle of our own. 相似文献
6.
Jon C. Carr Brian T. Gregory Stanley G. Harris 《Journal of business and psychology》2010,25(4):583-592
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explore procedural justice as a boundary condition of work status congruence’s (WSC) relationships with organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). WSC is defined as the degree to which an employee’s schedule, shift, full-time or part-time status, and number of working hours, match his or her preferences (Holtom et al. in J Appl Psychol 86:80–93, 2002). This exploration is grounded in the outcome favorability–procedural justice interaction literature (e.g., Brockner in Acad Manag Rev 27:58–76, 2002). 相似文献7.
In this paper, it is argued that Ferguson’s (2003, Argumentation 17, 335–346) recent proposal to reconcile monotonic logic with defeasibility has three counterintuitive consequences. First, the conclusions that can be derived from his new rule of inference are vacuous, a point that as already made against default logics when there are conflicting defaults. Second, his proposal requires a procedural “hack” to the break the symmetry between the disjuncts of the tautological conclusions to which his proposal leads. Third, Ferguson’s proposal amounts to arguing that all everyday inferences are sound by definition. It is concluded that the informal logic response to defeasibility, that an account of the context in which inferences are sound or unsound is required, still stands. It is also observed that another possible response is given by Bayesian probability theory (Oaksford and Chater, in press, Bayesian Rationality: The Probabilistic Approach to Human Reasoning, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK; Hahn and Oaksford, in press, Synthese). 相似文献
8.
Previous studies, such as those by Kornell and Bjork (Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14:219–224, 2007) and Karpicke, Butler, and Roediger (Memory, 17:471–479, 2009), have surveyed college students’ use of various study strategies, including self-testing and rereading. These studies have
documented that some students do use self-testing (but largely for monitoring memory) and rereading, but the researchers did
not assess whether individual differences in strategy use were related to student achievement. Thus, we surveyed 324 undergraduates
about their study habits as well as their college grade point average (GPA). Importantly, the survey included questions about
self-testing, scheduling one’s study, and a checklist of strategies commonly used by students or recommended by cognitive
research. Use of self-testing and rereading were both positively associated with GPA. Scheduling of study time was also an
important factor: Low performers were more likely to engage in late-night studying than were high performers; massing (vs.
spacing) of study was associated with the use of fewer study strategies overall; and all students—but especially low performers—were
driven by impending deadlines. Thus, self-testing, rereading, and scheduling of study play important roles in real-world student
achievement. 相似文献
9.
Tyrus Fisher 《Philosophia》2011,39(1):51-59
Some of Quine’s critics charge that he arrives at a behavioristic account of linguistic meaning by starting from inappropriately
behavioristic assumptions (Kripke 1982, 14; Searle 1987, 123). Quine has even written that this account of linguistic meaning is a consequence of his behaviorism (Quine 1992, 37). I take it that the above charges amount to the assertion that Quine assumes the denial of one or more of the following
claims: (1) Language-users associate mental ideas with their linguistic expressions. (2) A language-user can have a private
theory of linguistic meaning which guides his or her use of language. (3) Language learning relies on innate mechanisms. Call
an antecedent denial of one or more of these claims illicit behaviorism. In this paper I show that Quine is prepared to grant, if only for the sake of argument, all three of the above claims. I
argue that his claim that “there is nothing in linguistic meaning beyond what is to be gleaned from overt behavior in observable
circumstances” is unscathed by these allowances (Quine 1992, 38). And I show that the behaviorism which Quine does assume should be viewed as a largely uncontroversial aspect of his
evidential empiricism. I conclude that if one sets out to dismiss Quine’s arguments for internal-meaning skepticism, this dismissal should not
be motivated by the charge that his conclusions rely on the illicitly behavioristic assumptions that some have suggested that
they do. 相似文献
10.
Josée Poirier Lewis P. Shapiro Tracy Love Yosef Grodzinsky 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》2009,38(3):237-253
We investigate the on-line processing of verb-phrase ellipsis (VPE) constructions in two brain injured populations: Broca’s
and Anomic aphasics. VPE constructions are built from two simple clauses; the first is the antecedent clause and the second
is the ellipsis clause. The ellipsis clause is missing its verb and object (i.e., its verb phrase (VP)), which receives its
reference from the fully specified VP in the antecedent clause. VPE constructions are unlike other sentence types that require
displacement of an argument NP; these latter constructions (e.g., object-relatives, wh-questions) yield either on-time or
delayed antecedent reactivation. Our results demonstrate that Anomics, like unimpaired individuals, evince reactivation of
the direct object NP (within the VP) at the elided position. Broca’s patients, on the other hand, do not show reactivation
of the antecedent. We consider several interpretations for our data, including explanations focusing on the larger ‘grain
size’ of the reconstructed material in the ellipsis clause, the properties of the auxiliary that carries tense and agreement
features, and the possibility that the cost-free syntactic copy procedure claimed to underlie VPE may be modulated by the
functional deficit in Broca’s aphasia. 相似文献
11.
Franz Huber 《Journal of Philosophical Logic》2007,36(5):511-538
This paper starts by indicating the analysis of Hempel’s conditions of adequacy for any relation of confirmation (Hempel,
1945) as presented in Huber (submitted). There I argue contra Carnap (1962, Section 87) that Hempel felt the need for two concepts of confirmation: one aiming at plausible theories and another aiming
at informative theories. However, he also realized that these two concepts are conflicting, and he gave up the concept of
confirmation aiming at informative theories. The main part of the paper consists in working out the claim that one can have
Hempel’s cake and eat it too — in the sense that there is a logic of theory assessment that takes into account both of the
two conflicting aspects of plausibility and informativeness. According to the semantics of this logic, α is an acceptable theory for evidence β if and only if α is both sufficiently plausible given β and sufficiently informative about β. This is spelt out in terms of ranking functions (Spohn, 1988) and shown to represent the syntactically specified notion of an assessment relation. The paper then compares these acceptability
relations to explanatory and confirmatory consequence relations (Flach, 2000) as well as to nonmonotonic consequence relations (Kraus et al., 1990). It concludes by relating the plausibility-informativeness approach to Carnap’s positive relevance account, thereby shedding
new light on Carnap’s analysis as well as solving another problem of confirmation theory.
A precursor of this paper has appeared as “The Logic of Confirmation and Theory Assessment” in L. Běhounek & M. Bílková (eds.),
The Logica Yearbook 2004, Prague: Filosofia, 2005, 161–176. 相似文献
12.
Jonathan Tallant 《Philosophia》2010,38(2):271-280
It is, I think, possible to generate a variation of McTaggart’s (Mind 17:457–474, 1908) paradox that infects all extant versions of presentism. This is not to say that presentism is doomed to failure. There may
be ways to modify presentism and I can’t anticipate all such modifications, here. For the purposes of the paper I’ll understand
‘presentism’ to be the view that for all x, x is present (cf. Crisp (2004: 18)). It seems only right that, at a conference devoted to McTaggart’s work on time, we continue to pursue new ways in which
his now infamous arguments remain relevant to us today. 相似文献
13.
14.
V. Choulakian 《Psychometrika》2008,73(2):309-319
The aim of this paper is to study the analysis of contingency tables with one heavyweight column or one heavyweight entry
by taxicab correspondence analysis (TCA). Given that the mathematics of TCA is simpler than the mathematics of correspondence
analysis (CA), the influence of one heavyweight column on the outputs of TCA is studied explicitly without recourse to asymptotics
as done by Benzécri (Les Cahiers de L’Analyse des Données 4:413–16, 1979). A reweighting of the heavyweight column is proposed, which can also be applied to CA. A real data set is analyzed.
This research is financed by NSERC of Canada. The author is grateful to the Editor, Professor B. Junker, to an Associate Editor
and to three referees for their constructive comments. 相似文献
15.
Reinwein J 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》2012,41(1):1-32
The modality effect is a central issue in multimedia learning [see Mayer (Cambridge University Press, 2005a), for a review]. Sweller’s Cognitive Load Theory (CLT), for example, presumes that an illustrated text is better understood
when presented visually rather than orally. The predictive power of CLT lies in how it links in to Baddeley’s (1986) model of working memory and Penney’s (Mem Cognit 17:398–442, 1989) Separate-Streams Hypothesis. Ginns’s (Learn Instr 4:313–331, 2005) recent meta-analysis also supports the modality effect (d = 0.72, based on 43 independent effects). This article replicates the meta-analysis of the modality effect based on 86 independent
effects (with within-study subgroups as the unit of analysis and with mean of the outcomes as the dependent measure), with results showing a reduction of the overall effect size by almost half (d = 0.38), and even more when Duval and Tweedie’s Trim and Fill method is used to correct publication bias (d = 0.20). This article also widens the scope of the analysis of moderator variables (e.g. Pace of presentation, Type of visualization,
Research group) as well as their potentially confounded effects. Finally, it is argued that, for theoretical reasons, the
so-called modality effect cannot be based on Penney’s or Baddeley’s theories and must be explained in a different way. 相似文献
16.
Elliott EM Cherry KE Brown JS Smitherman EA Jazwinski SM Yu Q Volaufova J 《Memory & cognition》2011,39(8):1423-1434
In the present study, we examined adult age differences in short-term and working memory performance in middle-aged (45–64 years),
young–old (65–74 years), old–old (75–89 years), and oldest–old adults (90 years and over) in the Louisiana Healthy Aging Study.
Previous research suggests that measures of working memory are more sensitive to age effects than are simple tests of short-term
memory Bopp and Verhaeghen (Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences 60:223–233, 2005), Myerson, Emery, White, and Hale, (Aging, Neuropsychology, and Cognition 10:20–27, 2003). To test this hypothesis, we examined output serial position curves of recall data from three span tasks: forward and backward
digit span and size judgment span. Participants’ recall patterns in the size judgment span task revealed that the two oldest
groups of adults showed the largest decreases in recall performance across output serial positions, but did not differ significantly
from each other. Correlation analyses indicated the strongest negative correlation with age occurred with the size judgment
span task. Implications of these findings for understanding strategic processing abilities in late life are discussed. 相似文献
17.
In a previous article (Capps and Carlin 2009) we discussed Freud’s visit to the United States in 1909 and the occasion it afforded for James Putnam to meet him and become
an advocate of psychoanalysis. We focused on their subsequent correspondence on the concept of sublimation and argued that
this correspondence reflected the fact that friendship may be a form of sublimation. In this article we focus on Isador H.
Coriat, an advocate of psychoanalysis from the same time period (1910s). We show that his early psychoanalytic writings (Coriat
1917, 1920) not only support our earlier argument but also make a strong case for the role of symbolization in the process of sublimation.
We also note his emphasis on the potential role of living religion in the sublimation process. We then discuss his later article
on dental anxiety (Coriat 1946) and writings by other psychoanalytic authors to make the case that the patient’s conscious understanding of the meaning
of the symbols—in this case, teeth-related symbols—is essential, for otherwise the energies invested in maintaining the repression
will be unavailable to the sublimation process. This leads to a consideration of the role that living religion may play in
the sublimation of teeth-related anxieties. We conclude that humor may also serve as a proxy for religion in this regard. 相似文献
18.
Markus E. Schlosser 《Philosophical Studies》2011,155(3):345-369
This paper proposes a causal–dispositional account of rule-following as it occurs in reasoning and intentional agency. It
defends this view against Kripke’s (Wittgenstein on rules and private language, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1982) objection to dispositional accounts of rule-following, and it proposes a solution to the problem of deviant causal chains.
In the first part, I will outline the causal–dispositional approach. In the second part, I will follow Martin and Heil’s (Philos
Perspect 12:283–312, 1998) realist response to Kripke’s challenge. I will propose an account that distinguishes between two kinds of rule-conformity
and two kinds of rule-following, and I will defend the realist approach against two challenges that have recently been raised
by Handfield and Bird (Philos Stud 140:285–298, 2008). In the third part, I will turn to the problem of deviant causal chains, and I will propose a new solution that is partly
based on the realist account of rule-following. 相似文献
19.
20.
Donald Capps 《Journal of religion and health》2011,50(2):313-320
When asked in a questionnaire to describe a spiritual person, William James named one instead: Phillips Brooks. This article
focuses on Brooks—his life, his sermons, and his poem “O Little Town of Bethlehem”—to make the case that he exemplified James’
view of spirituality as “a susceptibility to ideals, but with a certain freedom to indulge in imagination about them.” It
also supports Belzen’s (Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 12:205–222, 2009) view that there is no spirituality in general but only individual manifestations of it, a point that James’ nomination of
Brooks implicitly supports. 相似文献