临床医务人员心理素质的培养

各种素质的形成和发展必须依赖于其心理素质的水平 ,心理素质渗透在其他素质之中 ,其他素质的提高最后转化为心理素质。笔者认为对于医务人员良好的性格的培养、心理素质的提高 ,应注意以下几方面。1　增强临床医务人员的自我健康意识精神病学家麦灵格乐认为 :“心理健康是指人们对于环境及其相互间具有最高效率及快乐的适应情况 ,心理健康的人应能保持平静的情绪 ,敏锐的智能 ,适应社会环境的行为和愉快气质。”因此 ,医务人员应长期的坚持心理健康教育 ,认识到自己在自身健康状况上所处的主导和主动地位 ,自觉地接受和制定自我保健措施。2…     

中学生身体自我满意度与自我价值感的相关研究

对228名中学生进行身体自我和自我价值感量表的测试结果表明：整体上中学生身体自我满意度与其自我价值感有显著的相关;各维度除身体的负面特征外,与自我价值感得分均有极显著的正相关,各自的重要性分别是运动特征、相貌、性特征和身材;高、低自我价值感的中学生的身体自我满意度有极显著差异,身体满意度越高则学生的自我价值感也越高。讨论主要分析了中国文化背景下的特异性,身体自我对自我价值感影响的作用机制及其研究前景。     

高师学生心理素质教育途径的探讨

心理素质教育的途径,是实现心理素质教育目标的重要工具和手段。为保证师范学生心理素质教育目标的实现,高师心理素质教育在途径的选择与方法的运用方面,必须走直接与间接结合、课内与课外绔舍、外导与自教结合之路。     

心理素质的结构与心理素质教育

心理素质不仅是少年儿童综合素质的重要构成要素,而且对少年儿童整体素质的健康发展有着巨大的制约作用。心理素质教育作为素质教育的重要组成部分,越来越受到教育工作者和心理学工作者的重视。心理素质教育既是素质教育的出发点,又是归宿之一。本文拟就心理素质的结构和心理素质教育的理论问题进行探讨。     

9970名中学生心理素质的研究

对北京市随机抽取的９９７０名中学生进行自编的《中学生心理素质测验》的测试,结果表明：（１）总体而言,中学生的心理素质水平良好。（２）年级越低,心理素质水平越高,年级越高,心理素质水平越低。（３）初中生的心理素质水平好于高中生。（４）在男女性别差异上,年级越低,男女差异越大,年级越高,差异越小。其中,男生在智力和情绪因子上心理素质水平好于女生,女生在注意力和道德感因子上心理素质水平好于男生。在对初中与高中的男女性别考验中也得到了一致的结论。     

图书管理员的心理素质

图书管理员是沟通信息与读者的桥梁,图书馆是信息传播的基地。管理员工作效能的高低不仅直接影响着图书资料使用效率,而且关系到广大读者的需要。每天有成千的读者来图书馆,馆员的言谈举止,精神面貌和服务水平,必然会产生广泛而深刻的社会心理效应。因此,要做好这项工作,并不     

论人的心理素质

心理素质是我国素质教育中提出的本土化概念。文章以“素质-心理素质-心理素质与心理现象”为逻辑顺序,分别探索了素质和心理素质的本质涵义,并从心理素质与心理现象、人格、心理健康、社会适应的关系探讨了心理素质的特殊地位和功能。     

墨家的领导者心理素质思想

领导者心理素质是管理心理学研究的重要内容,先秦墨家的代表作《墨子》一书包含了丰富了领导者心理素质思想。该文拟从领导者的知识结构、道德品质、语言能力、工作态度、为人原则等方面对墨家的领导者心理素质思想作一整理和阐述,并分析其现代意义。     

大学生学习自我效能感的测量与干预研究

本研究编制了大学生学习自我效能感问卷,经对478名大学生实施测试,探索性因素分析与验证性因素分析的结果发现,所研制的大学生学习效能感问卷具有符合心理计量学和班杜拉自我效能感理论要求的特点。并对64名大学生研究被试实施干预训练,证明通过学习策略的辅导与学习心理效能训练,学习者的学习效能感能够得到提升。对学习目标的有效调控、学习情境的营造与选择、学习策略与学习方式的善用对学习效能感具有关键性作用。     

人才的心理素质及其培养

人才素质系统一般可分为生理和心理两大子系统。心理品格的培养是人才成长的重要工作,成才者要注意培养与训练自己具有良好的心理品格,为成才创造必要的心理条件。教育和社会实践是现代人才培养的主要途径,社会集体开发和个体自我开发是现代人才培养的主要方式。     

心理的动态平衡论与和谐心理构建——兼谈灾后心理辅导

人的心理是一个动态开放的系统,这个系统在运动、变化、发展中遵循从相对平衡到相对不平衡,再从相对不平衡走向新相对平衡的规律。人心理问题的实质是由于内部或外部某些因素的运动变化,致使心理系统的相对平衡状态遭到破坏,在个体内部及个体与环境之间出现的暂时相对不协调状况,属于从一种心理平衡状态向另一种心理平衡状态的过渡阶段。结合灾后心理辅导,根据动态平衡论提出了心理系统的边界调控、要素调控、途径调控和环境调控,通过个体自身的努力以及这些调控措施,让个体心理顺利地恢复到可以自我调节的动态平衡状态,或者从低级的动态平衡状态顺利地过渡到更能适应环境的高一级的动态平衡状态。     

Self-determination in relation to quality of life in homeless young adults: Direct and indirect effects through psychological distress and social support

The self-determination theory emphasizes the importance of satisfaction with autonomy, competence, and relatedness for a person’s psychological growth and well-being. This study examines associations between autonomy, competence, and relatedness with quality of life in homeless young adults; and whether possible associations are mediated by psychological distress and perceived social support. By means of face-to-face interviews, 255 homeless young adults who receive care from 10 Dutch shelter facilities for homeless young adults have been interviewed (M age = 20, 77% male, 51% Dutch Nationality) shortly after entering the facility. Autonomy, competence, and relatedness are all associated with quality of life, with competence as the highest correlate. Psychological distress mediates both competence and autonomy, and social support mediates competence as well as relatedness. These findings emphasize the importance of intervention programs for homeless young adults, focusing on the enhancement of self-determination, especially competence, to improve their quality of life.     

Influences of character-based coping style on psychological health

This study explores the moderating effects of early adult character style on correlations between social relationships in adolescence and midlife psychological health. Participants were drawn from the ongoing longitudinal studies at the Institute of Human Development. Individuals who beat the odds of an adverse environment and those who failed to capitalize on beneficial environments were identified and compared at age 30 on the California Psychological Inventory, the Meredith-Millsap Component Scores, and the Thematic Apperception Test. Social relatedness and personal independence were characteristics at age 30 of all subjects who went on to develop good psychological health by age 50. Social relatedness was more associated with overcoming a difficult environment, while self-assurance was more associated with capitalizing on a good one.     

试论现代社会变化对人们心理健康的影响

分析现代社会变化的特点与心理问题的内在关系,现实的社会变化对人们心理健康既有积极影响,也有很大危害.焦虑等心理障碍的发生与社会变化的非理性因素有密切关系.在促进社会发展中要考虑社会变化对心理健康的影响后果,根据心理卫生的要求扬优抑劣,尽量避免或减少其对心理的劣性刺激.     

The psychological physician: Semantics and survival

The calls for change in three areas of professional psychology are briefly reviewed, along with the reasons why such changes would be in the best interest of not only psychology but also the consumers of mental health services. Psychology's survival is linked to the implementation of these changes. It is argued that psychology must (1) standardize its education, training, and doctoral degree; (2) expand its scope of practice; and (3) become, legally and otherwise, psychological physicians, or risk being rolled-over by history. The importance of terminology and semantics is also discussed. Conclusions are drawn and discussed.The opinions expressed herein are solely those of the author and do not in any way represent the opinions of the Department of Defense or the United States Air Force.     

心理距离视角下的行为决策

决策是指决策者对将产生不同结果的多个备择方案的评估与选择。无论决策结果涉及的是金钱、健康、环境或是其他事物,它们都同时具有多重属性,如发生的概率,发生的时间,发生的地点,发生在谁身上等,这些属性会和结果量一起影响人们对结果效用的评价和对备择方案的选择。以往有关风险决策、跨期决策和社会决策的理论分别探究结果的概率属性、时间属性和人际属性如何与结果量一起共同决定人们的效用评估与选择,并提出了各自不同的决策模型。然而,心理距离理论则认为,决策结果的概率、时间、空间、人际等属性本质上都可被表征为结果在决策者心中的心理距离。这意味着风险、跨期和社会决策模型有可能经由心理距离而得以统一。近几年来,众多研究围绕这一思想开展了一系列实验研究,分析了各种心理距离的同质性,探索了基于心理距离的心理折扣现象及其规律,探讨了时间、概率、人际、空间距离对个体决策的影响。在此基础上,未来研究还应更加重视对多特征决策的研究,探索心理距离之间的替换率和通币问题,探究心理距离的本质及其整合方式,以期形成统一的决策理论模型。     

Reimbursement for professional psychological services

A brief history of the professionalization of psychology precedes a section of how psychological services became reimbursable. Specific focus is placed on reimbursement for psychological services, especially the distinction between medical and psychiatric diagnoses as well as procedures or services. Specific guidelines for appropriate reimbursement are provided. Future directions for reimbursement for mental health and related services are considered.     

Influence of religiosity on self-reported response to psychological therapies

There is a lack of research exploring the influence of religious or spiritual beliefs on response to psychological therapies. Our aims were to confirm the positive relationship between religiosity and psychological wellbeing, and investigate the potential synergistic impact of religiosity on self-reported response to psychological therapies. Participants were 118 adults (33 male, 85 female) aged 18 to 78 (M?=?40.01, SD?=?15.41); data was collected via online survey. Religious and psychological variables were assessed using a range of standard measures including the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale, and the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale. Atheists reported less psychological distress and increased personal wellbeing; participants with higher levels of religiosity experienced greater ongoing benefits from therapy in domains of coping and social functioning. Results suggest that mental health practitioners should consider the religious/spiritual beliefs and behaviours of their clients in their interventions.     

基于社交媒体数据的心理指标识别建模:机器学习的方法

心理指标识别建模是基于海量数据结合计算机机器学习算法识别心理特征的一种新兴方式。由于传统纸笔测量方式所存在的诸多限制,本文对基于社交媒体数据的心理建模方法及应用于心理测量的可行性进行综述,介绍了特征及提取方法、常用机器学习算法以及应用场景,并对心理指标识别建模的优势和不足进行了总结与展望。该测量方法基于社交媒体数据,相比自我报告法具有时效性高、可回溯测量、生态效度好等独特优势。然而,基于社交媒体的心理指标识别建模方法也在学习成本、硬件成本等方面存在局限性。未来研究人员需要进一步探索社会媒体信息与用户心理变量间的关联机制,并将心理指标识别模型同传统心理学研究方法结合进行更多的探索和应用。心理指标识别建模结合心理测量基本原理和计算机领域机器学习的技术,将为心理学研究打开一扇新的大门。