中国当代建筑审美特征解析——以桂林酒店建筑发展为例

在多元化文化交融的今天,中国当代建筑呈现复杂的、多样性面貌。复杂的、多样性的建筑面貌是人类审美差异的体现。文章以中国当代建筑为研究对象,以桂林酒店建筑发展为切入点,试图从美学的角度,通过对其不同时期突出的形式特征及审美追求的研究,提炼出其内在的文化内涵和美学品格,并对中国当代建筑的未来审美追求发展做出了尝试性的探讨。     

关于大学生生活需要的调查分析

本研究采用自拟问卷，调查分析了237名不同背景条件的大学生的生活需要，结果表明：(1)大学生们的求知欲强，且内容丰富多样，积极向上；(2)大学生们审美情趣的发展有一定的倾向性和深刻性；(3)大学生们对身体发展煅炼的需要也表现出一定的层次性、多样性；(4)不同性别、不同个体、不同团体的需要结构存在一定的差异性。     

中国当代大学生审美情感现状调查研究

大学生审美情感是指大学生按照审美标准对物质或精神现象的美进行评价时所产生的一种内心体验。本研究编制了《中国大学生审美情感问卷》,并以此对我国范围内的3类地区14个大城市100所高校11982名大学生进行首次大规模审美情感调查。结果发现:《中国大学生审美情感问卷》具有良好的信效度;大学生审美情感由自然美感、人文美感、科学美感、仪态美感等组成;我国大学生审美情感处于正向积极,其中自然美感得分最高,人文美感得分最低;大学生的审美情感总分上不存在性别、本专科以及本专年级之间的差异,但在某些具体审美情感上存在结构性差异;舆论关注、自我要求和价值认同等是影响审美情感的三个主要因素。     

新时代女大学生审美品味的培养

新时代女大学生审美品味的培养正面临一个新的发展阶段。女大学生的审美品味面临丧失审美主体性,审美品味物欲化、感官化等多重异化困境。作为新时代的女大学生应当铸造崇高的现代灵魂,恢复本真的浪漫诗情,超越异化困境实现灵性生存。解决新时代女大学生审美品味异化困境的路径在于完善高校美育课程,重视高校美术馆、博物馆在涵育新时代女大学生本真、诗意性情方面的功能,把审美创造作为新时代女大学生审美品味培养的基本目标,女大学生通过利用大众传媒等媒介,创造审美生命,让新时代女大学生的审美品味获得生生不息的生命精神。     

审美学的理论创新与学科建构——美学家彭立勋先生访谈录

彭立勋教授是我国新时期审美经验研究领域代表性美学家之一,他提出更新审美经验研究思维方式、创新审美经验研究理论框架、建构审美学完整学科体系、推动中西审美学融合创新发展、建设中国特色现代审美学等学术观点,对审美学学科性质和研究领域、审美经验特殊心理结构方式和发生机制、西方审美学发展演变和评价、中国传统审美学思想特点和创造性转化等问题提出一系列独特见解,为审美学的理论创新和学科建构做出了贡献。     

美是一种心灵体操——谈大学生审美教育

当代大学生的审美情趣有向低格调的大众影像文化及通俗文化认同的倾向。只有通过系统的美育,使之对美的追求深刻化、系统化和自觉化,才能使大学生的审美情趣得到健康发展。大学生完美的形象主要由青春朝气、修养风度等方面组成。我们要把美育作为全面提高大学生综合素质的重要途径之一,引导大学生追求高水准的精神文化生活,使大学生达到内在人格美和外在形体美的和谐统一。     

论当代工笔人物画艺术语言的多样性

随着经济的不断发展,人们在满足了物质需求之后,开始探索精神之旅,对艺术的审美追求从单一格式化迈向多元化。中国当代工笔人物画为了满足现代人对审美的需求,开始在工笔画中融入西方油画元素、日本绘画表现语言以及其他美学元素,再通过缤纷多彩的色彩表现出当代工笔人物画艺术语言的多样性。为了适应时代的发展,当代工笔人物画艺术意境也相应发生了调整,要求当代艺术家具有开放性思维,以不同的审美体验为导向,打破传统的思维模式,进而创作出更富有内涵和多样性语言元素的工笔人物作品。文章主要阐释了当代工笔人物画艺术语言的多样性的发展历史和表现技法,并概况了艺术语言的多样性对工笔人物画发展的重要性。     

基于当代视觉下的中国画多元图式演进的思考

提及当代中国画,人们想到的不再是传统的水墨趣味以及固定的中国画程式,而是一些新奇多样的绘画作品。当下的视觉传播特点以及美学原则决定了人们的审美取向,中国画的图式在人们的审美取向下不断发展,近百年来,审美要求的多样性让当代中国画坛更为丰富。就具体的图式变异形态而言,有侧重于细腻的材质表现,也有则钟情于新鲜的视觉效果,还有少量的画家乐衷于复归传统,继续走富有哲理性的绘画形态道路。     

太极拳对大学生审美创造力的价值研究

太极拳的"调心"使之"虚静",是驱除大学生浮躁心理并对此产生"妙语"感悟的前提和基础,随着学练的深入会进一步激发"文思"之灵感,以促使审美创造力的发展。太极拳有利于大学生认知审美创造力的内部结构(审美享受、审美移情、隐喻)的完善,培养其良好的审美情趣和人文素养,并通过"意匠"法、动作技能专注转移法来培养和提高审美创造力。     

关于大学生心理障碍干预模式的理论建构

本文在已有研究的基础上,根据大学生心理发展与心理素质的特点和不同心理学派的理论观点建构了大学生心理障碍干预模式,该模式由多维系统的干预途径、多样渗透的干预方法、丰富全面的干预工作内容和完善化人性化的干预机制组成,它们之间的关系既是独立的,又是相互协调和影响的。体现了大学生心理障碍干预模式的系统完整性及实施干预的灵活多样性和明确针对性。     

MORAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHINESE STUDENTS IN HONG KONG

The Defining Issues Test (DIT) of moral judgment by Rest was administered to 242 Chinese secondary school and university students in Hong Kong. Metric unfolding analysis on the stage scores of different groups of both sexes and various educational levels revealed that the moral development of the Chinese students were in agreement with Kohlberg's major distinctions of preconventional, conventional and postconventional levels. The sequence of stage development within the same level (e.g., between stages 5 and 6), however, was sometimes ambiguous. Results also showed that older university students were morally more mature than the younger secondary school students in their P%, D, and stages 5 and 6 scores. The applicability of DIT in the Chinese culture and the universality of Kohlberg's 6-stage model were generally supported.     

排除“每个人都优于平均水平”机制影响的自我提升研究

采用优于平均效应、自我服务归因偏向和内隐测验三种方法测量中国大学生的自我提升,并在前两种方法中考虑了EBTA机制的影响,以探讨中国人的自我提升动机及其表现形式。结果发现：EBTA机制影响显著;排除EBTA机制的影响后,大学生依然存在优于平均效应和自我服务归因偏向;大学生存在内隐自我提升值;内隐自我提升值与外显自我提升值之间存在显著正相关。     

Career success criteria and locus of control as indicators of adaptive readiness in the career adaptation model

The present research had two goals. The first goal was to identify additional individual characteristics that may contribute to adaptive readiness. The second goal was to test if these characteristics fit the career adaptation model of readiness to resources to responses. We examined whether career success criteria (measured at Time 1) and career locus of control (measured at Time 1) would contribute to adaptivity and predict university students’ career decision-making self-efficacy (measured at Time 2) through the mediation of career adaptability (measured at Time 1). Results based on a two-wave survey among a sample of 437 Chinese university students showed that the criteria of intrinsic fulfillment and work-life balance, as well as internal career locus of control positively predicted Chinese university students' career adaptability, which in turn predicted career decision-making self-efficacy. These findings support the career adaption model and carry implications for career construction theory and university students' career development.     

大学生可就业能力与主客观就业绩效：线性与倒U型关系

文献中关于大学生可就业能力与就业绩效的关系存在争议, 本研究认为需要根据不同的就业绩效和具体的调节变量来深入分析二者之间的关系。研究1, 基于预备性研究, 来自全国不同地区10所大学1190份问卷的因素分析结果表明, 我国大学生可就业能力包括8个因素：职业认同、乐观开朗、人际关系、团队合作、学习能力、问题解决、社会支持、网络差异; 问卷具有良好的信效度。研究2, 采用他评、前后间隔2周的问卷调查方法, 获得不同地区高校530份有效匹配问卷, 层次回归分析结果表明, 大学生可就业能力与主观就业绩效呈显著正相关的线性关系, 但与录用通知书(客观就业绩效)呈显著的倒U型关系; 职业探索在可就业能力与录用通知书的倒U型关系中起调节作用：在职业探索高水平下二者呈倒U型关系, 而在职业探索低水平下二者没有显著关系; 生源地在可就业能力与主观就业绩效、录用通知书的关系中起显著的调节作用：农村大学生可就业能力与主观就业绩效呈显著正相关, 而城市大学生二者相关不显著; 城市大学生可就业能力与录用通知书呈显著的倒U型关系, 而农村大学生二者关系不显著。这为未来探究可就业能力的价值实现机制有重要启发。     

The influence of social comparison on career decision-making: Vocational identity as a moderator and regret as a mediator

This study investigated the influence of social comparison on career choice certainty and its potential mechanisms: regret as a mediator and vocational identity as a moderator. Before the formal experiment, 30 pairs of vocational values representing typical conflicts in career decision-making for Chinese university students were obtained. The formal experiment adopted a single-factor (social comparison VS no comparison) between-subject design with vocational identity as an independent covariate. Ninety-eight junior and senior undergraduate students and graduate students in a university in China were invited to participate in the computer-controlled experiment, which involved vocational identity assessment, social comparison manipulation, and analogue career-choice scenario tests. Path analysis showed that: (a) Social comparison significantly and negatively predicted career choice certainty; (b) Regret partially mediated the effect of social comparison on career choice certainty; and (c) Vocational identity did not moderate the path between social comparison and regret, but significantly moderated the negative effect of regret on career choice certainty. These results indicated that in the collectivistic Chinese culture, individuals' career development trajectories may not be totally independent and are subject to influences by other people's choices, while emotion of regret and vocational identity development all play significant roles in this intricate process.     

Values and Corporate Social Responsibility Perceptions of Chinese University Students

The purpose of this study is to analyse the effects of personal demographic factors on Chinese university students’ values and perceptions of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) issues, and to identify the link between personal values and perceptions of CSR. The quantitative data consisted of 980 Chinese university students, and were collected by using a structured self-completion questionnaire. This study found that: 1) the importance of values education should be stressed, because we found that altruistic values associate negatively with perception of CSR, in contrast, egoistic values associate positively; 2) a CSR education programme should be designed accordingly to fit different student characteristics and needs such as gender and major differences; 3) values should be used as criteria for education and recruitment purposes, e.g., we found that female students represent more ethical values than male students, and have a more negative perception of the CSR performance; 4) the importance of environment performance should be recognised by Chinese corporations and policy-makers, because we found that Chinese corporations perform better in economic and social responsibilities than environmental responsibility. It provides an insight of the value structures of Chinese university students and the forces that shape ethical perceptions. It offers a comprehensive study of Chinese companies’ CSR performance, and the results improve the awareness of scholars and managers in solving the current problems and developing their CSR performances further.     

交流恐惧至中国大学生面众恐惧研究发展轨迹

美国学者McCroskey最早使用交流恐惧这一概念并编制了交流恐惧自陈量表等调研工具,此后有研究者对交流恐惧进行本土化研究。国外学者对交流恐惧产生的原因作了多方面的分析探讨和干预研究;中国学者对交流恐惧的研究主要以大学生为研究对象,在2007年发展了面众恐惧研究,编制了《中国大学生面众恐惧调查量表》并提出了相应矫治对策,给大学生乃至中小学生的心理素质与心理健康教育提供了一条密切联系实际的培养训练途径。     

Burnout among Finnish and Chinese university students

In this study the levels of experienced burnout of Finnish and Chinese university students are compared using School Burnout Inventory (SBI). This study is motivated by earlier studies, which suggest that the level of student burnout is different in the culturally distinct Finnish and Chinese university systems, but which are based on different research instruments for the two groups. The sample studied consisted of 3,035 Finnish students and 2,309 Chinese students. Because of the cross‐cultural nature of this study the level of structural equivalence of SBI between the cultural groups was examined and the effect of different response styles on the results was taken into account. Both standard and robust statistical methods were used for the analyses. The results showed that SBI with two extracted components is suitable for cross‐cultural analysis between Finnish and Chinese university students. Virtually no difference was found in experienced overall burnout between the Finnish and Chinese students, which means that both university systems contain factors causing similar levels of student burnout. This study also verified that controlling for the response styles is important in cross‐cultural studies as it was found to have a distinct effect on the results obtained from mean‐level comparisons.     

Dialectical thinking: A cross-cultural study of Japanese,Chinese, and British students

Peng and Nisbett found that Chinese people are more apt to engage in dialectical thinking (DT) than Americans. We gave the Dialectical Self Scale questionnaire and 10 pairs of opposing opinions to high school and university students of Japanese, Chinese, and British nationality. We asked them to fill in the questionnaire, to rate how strongly they agreed with each opinion, and to rate how wise it is to think dialectically. The scores on the questionnaire were higher among Easterners than among Westerners and higher among university students than among high school students. But the results of opinion agreement indicated that the dialectical tendency was stronger among the Chinese and British than among the Japanese. Furthermore, however, Japanese participants judged DT as wiser than Chinese and British did, and Chinese university students believed it was wiser than Chinese high school students did. We propose that this effect is attributed to Marxist education in China.     

中文版过剩适应量表在大学生群体中的效度和信度

为修订中文版过剩适应量表(OAS-C),并检验其在中国大学生群体中的信效度,抽取589名大学生(样本1),278名大学生(样本2)和174名大学生(样本3)进行施测.效度分析结果表明,OAS-C为二因子结构,包括外部适应过剩和内部适应匮乏.该二因子模型拟合良好,且与各效标间呈显著正相关.信度分析结果显示,内部一致性系数...