II. Eisenberg and self‐obligations

Terms for the pitch of tones, such as ‘high‐low’ do not describe pitch and can interfere with our apprehending such data for what they are in their sensuous uniqueness. Very different alternatives such as ‘narrow‐broad’ or French aigu‐grave serve equally well. In listening to music the first requisite is the apprehension of ‘uncategorized’ tones, the words for them serving only as a way of marking the fact of their differences. This must lead us to reaffirm what was said by Gorgias about what language can and cannot do in respect of such data.     

The Müller-Lyer illusion Mark II.

A new illusion of size is described. A passage of print occupying about half a standard A4 sheet appeared larger than the same passage when the sheet was cropped immediately above and below it. This illusion is demonstrated and explained in terms of perceptual compromise between the vertical extent of the printed passage and the sheet of which it is an intrinsic feature. In this sense it is held to be essentially the same as the Müller-Lyer illusion of extent in which the spaces between the apexes are intrinsic to the figure.     

II. A critique of British empiricism∗

Two points of contact are explored between contemporary philosophy of science and Dialectical Materialism. The first point deals with the interaction view of metaphor as an exemplification of the law of the unity of opposites. The contradiction is then noted between the strategy and tactics of much analytical philosophy and the lesson to be learnt from this account of metaphor. The concern to change category habits into category disciplines rules out the process of conceptual change of the interaction view. G. A. Paul's dismissal of Lenin's theory of reflection is then criticized in the light of the interaction view.     

The Skolem-Löwenheim theorem in toposes. II

This paper is a continuation of the investigation from [13]. The main theorem states that the general and the existential quantifiers are (, -reducible in some Grothendieck toposes. Using this result and Theorems 4.1, 4.2 [13] we get the downward Skolem-Löwenheim theorem for semantics in these toposes.     

Studien über Strukturgesetze. I. Werner,Heinz: Über Strukturgesetze und deren Auswirkung in den sog. geometrisch-optischen Täuschungen. II. Werner,Heinz: Über das Problem der motorischen Gestaltung. III. Werner,Heinz, und Lagerkrantz,Eliel: Experimentell-psychologische Studien über die Struktur des Wortes

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Social skills training with adolescent male offenders—II. Short-term,long-term and generalized effects

Seventy-six young, male offenders, attending a Community Home School, were randomly assigned to social skills training (SST) incorporating training in basic and more complex interpersonal skills, attention placebo (APC) and no treatment control (NTC) groups. Within subject changes in specific social skills were monitored in the SST group using a multiple baseline design. The results showed that SST led to definite improvements in some but not all the basic skills, and that these improvements were maintained at 3-month follow-up. In a between groups design SST was found to be significantly superior to APC and NTC groups on the performance of basic skills at posttest. Although the SST group reported significantly less social problems on a social problems questionnaire after training, a similar, though lesser reduction was found for the APC group and the NTC group. On a staff questionnaire of social problems, and independent ratings of social skills, friendliness, anxiety and employability. social workers' ratings of work, school and family relationships, self-reported offending and police convictions, there was no evidence that SST was differentially more effective than the comparison groups. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms both of current research into SST and the treatment of delinquency.