共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 0 毫秒
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Macklin R 《Kennedy Institute of Ethics journal》1998,8(1):1-22
The multicultural composition of the United States can pose problems for physicians and patients who come from diverse backgrounds. Although respect for cultural diversity mandates tolerance of the beliefs and practices of others, in some situations excessive tolerance can produce harm to patients. Careful analysis is needed to determine which values are culturally relative and which rest on an underlying universal ethical principle. A conception of justice as equality challenges the notion that it is always necessary to respect all of the beliefs and practices of every cultural group. 相似文献
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Aaron Z. Zimmerman 《Philosophical Studies》2007,133(3):313-348
Recent years have brought relativistic accounts of knowledge, first-person belief, and future contingents to prominence. I
discuss these views, distinguish non-trivial from trivial forms of relativism, and then argue against relativism in all of
its substantive varieties. 相似文献
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Duncan Pritchard 《Synthese》2009,166(2):397-412
This paper explores the question of whether there is an interesting form of specifically epistemic relativism available, a position which can lend support to claims of a broadly relativistic nature but which is not committed
to relativism about truth. It is argued that the most plausible rendering of such a view turns out not to be the radical thesis
that it is often represented as being. 相似文献
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The Journal of Value Inquiry - 相似文献
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Max Kölbel 《Synthese》2009,166(2):375-395
The aim of this paper is to examine the kind of evidence that might be adduced in support of relativist semantics of a kind
that have recently been proposed for predicates of personal taste, for epistemic modals, for knowledge attributions and for
other cases. I shall concentrate on the case of taste predicates, but what I have to say is easily transposed to the other
cases just mentioned. I shall begin by considering in general the question of what kind of evidence can be offered in favour
of some semantic theory or framework of semantic theorizing. In other words, I shall begin with the difficult question of
the empirical significance of semantic theorizing. In Sect. 2, I outline a relativist semantic theory, and in Sect. 3, I review
four types of evidence that might be offered in favour of a relativistic framework. I show that the evidence is not conclusive
because a sophisticated form of contextualism (or indexical relativism) can stand up to the evidence. However, the evidence
can be taken to support the view that either relativism or the sophisticated form of contextualism is correct. 相似文献
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Geoffrey Sayre-McCord 《Philosophical Studies》1991,61(1-2):155-176
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Brian Weatherson 《Synthese》2009,166(2):333-357
I set out and defend a view on indicative conditionals that I call “indexical relativism”. The core of the view is that which
proposition is (semantically) expressed by an utterance of a conditional is a function of (among other things) the speaker’s
context and the assessor’s context. This implies a kind of relativism, namely that a single utterance may be correctly assessed
as true by one assessor and false by another. 相似文献
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Moral relativism is an attractive position, but also one that it is difficult to formulate. In this paper, we propose an alternative
way of formulating moral relativism that locates the relativity of morality in the property that makes moral claims true.
Such an approach, we believe, has significant advantages over other possible ways of formulating moral relativism. We conclude
by considering a few problems such a position might face. 相似文献
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《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2004,95(4):429-455
Native speakers of two languages (English and Ndonga) were compared on three colour cognition tasks (sorting, triads and visual search) in a test of the linguistic relativity hypothesis (Whorf, 1956). The colour lexicons of these two languages differ because Ndonga has no basic terms for ORANGE, PINK and PURPLE, and stimuli were chosen to exploit this difference. On the sorting task (sorting into similarity‐groups) for each language, nominally similar colours were grouped together more often than nominally dissimilar colours. On the triads task (choosing the most different of three colours), when the most nominally isolated colour differed for the two language‐groups, each group tended to choose their nominal isolate. On the search task (scanning for target colours among distractors), targets were either in a different English category than distractors (cross‐category), or some distractors were in the same English category as distractors (within‐category). The ‘cost’ in speed of having within‐category distractors was much greater for the English than for the Ndonga. Overall, these data suggest that a core universal component is modulated by a small relativist influence. The differences in the visual search task are consistent with language affecting pre‐attentive processes (an indirect language effect) as well as exerting on‐line influences (a direct effect). 相似文献
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Michele Paolini Paoletti 《Ratio》2018,31(Z1):1-18
Emergence is intuitively characterized as dependent novelty. Yet, besides this intuition, several formulations of it were elaborated in the last decades. In this article, after having distinguished between two different varieties of emergence (a weak and a strong one), I aim at providing two formulation schemes for emergence. This could help to explain what emergence is and to clarify and unify the suggested formulations. The general idea behind my schemes is that emergence is partial and qualified dependence of the emergent entities on their emergence bases. After having examined several formulations of emergences and presented my schemes, I shall analyse two interesting consequences of the acceptance of the latter: the in principle compatibility between weak and strong emergence and the idea that micro‐physicalism, i.e., the main competitor of emergentism, may actually come in different degrees of strength, more or less in contrast with emergentism. Eventually, I shall briefly compare my formulation schemes with some other relevantly similar proposals. 相似文献
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Arvid Båve 《Synthese》2013,190(15):3287-3305
I here argue for a particular formulation of truth-deflationism, namely, the propositionally quantified formula, (Q) “For all p, ${\langle \text{p}\rangle}$ is true iff p”. The main argument consists of an enumeration of the other (five) possible formulations and criticisms thereof. Notably, Horwich’s Minimal Theory is found objectionable in that it cannot be accepted by finite beings. Other formulations err in not providing non-questionbegging, sufficiently direct derivations of the T-schema instances. I end by defending (Q) against various objections. In particular, I argue that certain circularity charges rest on mistaken assumptions about logic that lead to Carroll’s regress. I show how the propositional quantifier can be seen as on a par with first-order quantifiers and so equally acceptable to use. While the proposed parallelism between these quantifiers is controversial in general, deflationists have special reasons to affirm it. I further argue that the main three types of approach the truth-paradoxes are open to an adherent of (Q), and that the derivation of general facts about truth can be explained on its basis. 相似文献
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