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1.
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) has a long history of supporting research to enhance the scientific understanding
of and effective interventions for a range of problems associated with children’s exposure to violence. Recently, funded research
has improved our understanding of the nature and consequences of children’s exposure to violence. This article describes an
NIH initiative for research on children’s exposure to violence, examples of projects supported by the initiative, and emerging
research topics for this important scientific area.
相似文献
LeShawndra N. PriceEmail: |
2.
Julie A. Willett 《Sexuality & culture》2008,12(4):275-290
This essay explores changing attitudes towards male caregivers in postwar America to understand conceptions of prepubescent
gender and sexuality. While the 1950s have been viewed as a period of rigid gender conventions, the demands of a baby boom
generation allowed men unexpected roles as caregivers. In the 1960s and 1970s, challenges to the status quo along with fears
of female-headed households encouraged men to move into the field of child care, but this was particularly short lived. Political
backlash and a failing economy turned male daycare workers into suspects, revealing the ambiguity that so often distorts children’s
interactions with men.
相似文献
Julie A. WillettEmail: |
3.
This study set out to examine children’s notions of the malleability of their academic competencies and the relations of these
notions to the child’s grade-level and gender and the parent’s educational level. In interviews of a total of 103 boys and
girls of the third and the sixth grade, children of academically and vocationally educated parents were asked to rate their
potential for improving their competencies in mathematics and Finnish. The children were asked to use intrapersonal and normative
criteria in their ratings. The ratings were found to form distinct domains of the notions of malleability, as they did not
correlate with each other. The children’s ratings of their current competencies, i.e. their academic self-concepts, turned
out to be related to their normative ratings of the malleability of their competencies. The findings further suggested that
the children’s notions of the malleability of their academic competencies became more pessimistic in the course of their school
years.
相似文献
Kati KasanenEmail: |
4.
Eva Johansson 《Studies in Philosophy and Education》2008,27(1):33-47
This article is about young children’s morality and their concern for others’ wellbeing. Questions of what the value of others’
wellbeing can signify, how this value becomes visible to children and how it is expressed in their interaction will be posed.
In this analysis, children’s commitment to others’ wellbeing is discussed in terms of two theories, namely the philosopher
Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s (1962, 1964) theory of intersubjectivity and the psychologist Martin Hoffman’s (1984, 1987, 2000)
theory of empathy. The interaction between children and adults in pre-school, drawn from different studies of morality (Johansson,
1999, 2001, 2002, 2003), constitutes the empirical basis. In the discussion, it is claimed that children’s care for others’
wellbeing can be understood in a fruitful way as experiences of, approaches to and ways of being involved in the other’s life-world
rather than as expressions of empathy.
相似文献
Eva JohanssonEmail: |
5.
Stewart Cohen 《Philosophical Studies》2009,144(1):121-125
I raise several objections to Sosa’s account of knowledge as aptness. I argue that aptness is neither necessary nor sufficient
for knowledge. I also raise some objection to Sosa’s treatment of dreaming skepticism.
相似文献
Stewart CohenEmail: |
6.
Daniel E. Flage 《Philosophia》2009,37(3):379-380
This note is a reply to some of Giovanni Grandi’s comments on my paper “Berkeley’s Contingent Necessities.”
相似文献
Daniel E. FlageEmail: |
7.
Presentations of boy’s sexuality within man–boy sexual relationships have shifted considerably over the past three decades.
We document this through analyzing three very different constituencies: ‘boylover’ (adult men sexually attracted to boys)
activist movements, three research case studies, and male survivors of abuse. We examine the specific ways boy’s sexuality
has been constructed within each of these positions, how these have changed over this period, and what insights all this can
shed on wider social and cultural (re)conceptions on age, gender, and sexuality. Studying these diverse perspectives provides
a series of contrasting assumptions and frameworks which will yield invaluable insights on wider transformations in the production
of narratives on child and intergenerational sexualities. We hope to illuminate this through drawing out the complex interplays
involving power dynamics and fluctuations in the epistemological hierarchy delineating boy’s sexuality (in terms of more normative
and transgressive forms this may take). We conclude this critical engagement with a discussion of the likely impact any ‘queering’
of, or fractures in, age/generational boundaries might have for the future narrating of boy’s sexual stories within man–boy
sexual relationships.
相似文献
Dean DurberEmail: |
8.
David Braun 《Philosophical Studies》2008,141(2):243-262
I criticized Jeffrey King’s theory of complex demonstratives in “Problems for a Quantificational Theory of Complex Demonstratives.”
King replied in “Complex Demonstratives as Quantifiers: Objections and Replies.” I here comment on some of King’s replies.
相似文献
David BraunEmail: |
9.
Kelly Becker 《Philosophia》2009,37(2):245-260
There’s something deeply right in the idea that knowledge requires an ability to discriminate truth from falsity. Failing
to incorporate some version of the discrimination requirement into one’s epistemology generates cases of putative knowledge
that are at best problematic. On the other hand, many theories that include a discrimination requirement thereby appear to
entail violations of closure. This prima facie tension is resolved nicely in Jonathan Schaffer’s contrastivism, which I describe
herein. The contrastivist take on relevant alternatives is implausible, however, and this then threatens to undermine contrastivism’s
anti-skeptical results.
相似文献
Kelly BeckerEmail: |
10.
Supernatural Miracles and Religious Inclusiveness 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Morgan Luck 《Sophia》2007,46(3):287-293
In this paper I shall assess Clarke’s assertion that all definitions of miracles that purport to satisfy the criterion of
religious inclusiveness should substitute the term ‘supernatural’ for ‘non-natural’. In addition, I shall attempt to strengthen
Clarke’s conception of the supernatural by offering an analysis of what it means for something to be ‘above’ nature. Lastly,
I shall offer a new argument as to why Clarke’s intention-based definition of miracles is necessarily less religiously inclusive
than Mumford’s causation-based definition.
相似文献
Morgan LuckEmail: |
11.
In recent decades, the age of marriage in many minority Muslim communities has risen so that significant numbers of Muslims
in these contexts are remaining unmarried into their late 20 s and beyond. As with other communities in Western contexts,
Muslim communities have also experienced a rising divorce rate, leading to many more single women. These social and demographic
changes, combined with traditional attitudes towards female sexuality and virginity, have led to a rise in the number of women
who have either never had a sexual encounter or who no longer have sexual encounters. Cultural discourses surrounding virginity
and female celibacy frequently conflate the virtue of refusing sexual encounters outside of marriage with happiness and satisfaction
at ‘choosing the right path’. However, these discourses negate or downplay women’s sexual desires and result in women often
feeling trapped into having to perform the ‘myth of the happy celibate’. To disrupt this myth is to unleash the potentially
destructive power of female sexuality, while to openly challenge it is to risk being positioned as a ‘slut’.
相似文献
Shakira HusseinEmail: |
12.
Igor Douven 《Philosophical Studies》2009,144(3):361-375
It is widely believed that the so-called knowledge account of assertion best explains why sentences such as “It’s raining
in Paris but I don’t believe it” and “It’s raining in Paris but I don’t know it” appear odd to us. I argue that the rival
rational credibility account of assertion explains that fact just as well. I do so by providing a broadly Bayesian analysis
of the said type of sentences which shows that such sentences cannot express rationally held beliefs. As an interesting aside,
it will be seen that these sentences also harbor a lesson for Bayesian epistemology itself.
相似文献
Igor DouvenEmail: |
13.
Patrick Hutchings 《Sophia》2007,46(1):79-89
A review of Peter Steele’s Plenty, a book in which each poem is faced by a colour plate of the painting or object which sparked it off. Hollander’s ecphrasis
and Krieger’s ekphrasis are held in – possibly unresolvable – dialectic by Steele’s poems. The only resolution which one can
find is one of wit rather than of philosophy.
相似文献
Patrick HutchingsEmail: |
14.
Erin Eaker 《Philosophia》2009,37(3):455-457
This paper raises questions concerning Ted Morris’ interpretation of Hume’s notion of meaning and investigates the private
and public aspects of Hume’s notion of meaning.
相似文献
Erin EakerEmail: |
15.
This study investigated whether preservice teachers’ attitudes surrounding school grade labels influenced interpretations
and recall of children’s classroom behavior using the automatic attitude activation model (Fazio, In R. M. Sorrentino & E.
T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior, 1986) as a theoretical framework. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: The expectation of viewing
a video of children in schools labeled as “A,” “F,” or “typical” as a result of the school’s aggregated student performance
on standardized tests. Results indicated that participants who believed that they were viewing a video of an “F” classroom
recalled more negative and fewer positive behaviors compared to the “typical” classroom. Likewise, there was a trend for participants
to recall more negative and fewer positive behaviors when viewing a video of an “F” compared to an “A” school. Therefore,
negative attitudes about a school label of “F” biased preservice teachers’ perceptions and memories of children’s classroom
behaviors.
相似文献
Tracy LinderholmEmail: |
16.
Yujin Nagasawa 《Sophia》2007,46(1):65-67
I provide a further response to Jason A. Beyer’s objections to the alleged inconsistency between God’s omniscience and His
other attributes.
相似文献
Yujin NagasawaEmail: |
17.
R. Enrique Varela Juan Jose Sanchez-Sosa Bridget K. Biggs Timothy M. Luis 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2008,30(2):132-145
The cross cultural equivalence of child (n = 217) and parent (n = 283) versions of the revised children’s manifest anxiety scale (RCMAS), multidimensional anxiety scale for children (MASC),
and the fear survey schedule for children—revised (FSSC-R) was examined in Mexican youth in Mexico, and Hispanic and white
European American youth in the USA. The RCMAS, MASC, and FSSC-R showed cross ethnic measurement equivalence. The Mexican and
Hispanic youth reported more worries, and the Mexican youth reported more somatic symptoms than the European American youth.
Per mother report, Mexican and Hispanic youth express more somatic symptoms than European American youth who also show the
least number of fears of the unknown and fears of danger and death. The results support the validity of commonly used child
anxiety measures with these populations and accrue evidence for greater anxiety and fear expression by Hispanic and Mexican
youth in certain domains.
相似文献
R. Enrique VarelaEmail: |
18.
J. Angelo Corlett 《Journal of Academic Ethics》2008,6(3):205-209
This paper amounts to a reply to Professor Donald G. Brown’s thoughtful comment on my “Ethical Issues in Journal Peer-Review”,
which appeared in this journal.
相似文献
J. Angelo CorlettEmail: |
19.
Phillip Montague 《Philosophia》2009,37(1):125-131
This paper is a rejoinder to Thaddeus Metz’s article “Censure Theory Still Best Accounts for Punishment of the Guilty: Reply
to Montague.” In his article, Metz attempts to answer objections to censure theory that I had raised previously. I argue in
my rejoinder that Metz’s defense of censure theory remains seriously problematic despite what he says in his reply.
相似文献
Phillip MontagueEmail: |
20.
Jennifer Henderlong Corpus Christin M. Ogle Kelly E. Love-Geiger 《Motivation and emotion》2006,30(4):333-343
Two studies examined the effects of social-comparison versus mastery praise on 4th- and 5th-grade children’s intrinsic motivation.
Children received a high score and either social-comparison praise, mastery praise, or no praise for working on a set of novel
puzzles. They then worked on a different task and were given either ambiguous feedback (Study 1) or positive feedback (Study
2) before completing measures of intrinsic motivation. Mastery praise enhanced intrinsic motivation and social-comparison
praise curtailed it when uncertainty about children’s subsequent performance was introduced (Study 1) and, for girls, even
in situations of continued success (Study 2). Social-comparison praise also tended to discourage children from seeking subsequent
self-evaluative normative information. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
相似文献
Jennifer Henderlong CorpusEmail: |