THE CURRENT STATUS OF THEORY AND RESEARCH IN INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

This paper details four alternative perspectives for conceptualizing the interpersonal communication process, emphasizing their implications for the theorist and researcher of interpersonal communication. The four perspectives discussed are the situational approach, the developmental approach, the law-governed approach, and the rule-governed approach. The strengths and limitations of each perspective are examined, and some suggested priorities for future research are offered.     

VALUES MOTHERS HOLD FOR HANDICAPPED AND NONHANDICAPPED PRESCHOOL CHILDREN IN JAPAN,PUERTO RICO,AND THE UNITED STATES MAINLAND*

This study examines the values held by mothers in Japan, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Mainland for their handicapped and nonhandicapped preschoolers in the contexts of home and school. In order to study values, mothers from the three cultures were asked to rank twelve value items relating to four value areas: physical, intrapersonal, interpersonal, and sociocultural. The value rankings were different in the three cultures and depended upon the home and school contexts. The presence of a diagnosed orthopedic and/or neurological impairment in the child had no overall effect on value ratings but did interact with culture and context to influence mothers' values.     

我国超常儿童研究的进展及其问题

作者在回顾了我国超常儿童研究领域近２０年来的进展,总结了该领域的主要成绩,特别是方法上所取得的成绩的基础上,指出了当前尚存在的若干问题,这些问题的提出可能对今后该领域的研究有一定的目标。     

北京地区儿童内外倾向人格特征的研究

本研究使用艾森克人格问卷(少年),测试在校儿童370人,发现:男孩的外倾性和倔强性高于女孩,而女孩的情绪性和掩饰高于男孩;儿童的情绪性、外倾性和倔强性都有随年龄而增加的趋势,自身隐蔽和掩饰则随年龄减少;从量表统一关系分析:精神质低的儿童较多,精神质和神经质都低的也多;与前人文献相比,现在男孩的冒险性和女孩的社会活跃性较为明显。     

评西方心理学辩证理论研究方向中的若干问题

《美国心理学家》杂志1976年第10期上刊载了里格尔的一篇“辩证法心理学宣言”(下简称“宣言”)。这是继苏联科尔尼洛夫的“辩证唯物论心理学”发表半个世纪以来西方心理学理论界的一个新动向,是值得认真对待的动向。从三十年代开始,尤其是七十年     

ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES FOR THE COMMUNICATION THEORIST: PROBLEMS IN THE LAWS-RULES-SYSTEMS TRICHOTOMY

This paper argues against the laws-systems-rules trichotomy which Cushman and Pearce use to organize theoretical options in the communication field. This trichotomy of perspectives does reflect the groupings into which scholars have come to classify themselves, but the analytic implications of this division follow strongly and confound the actual levels of choice inherent in theory building. The organization of theoretical alternatives by attempting to identify a type of necessity unique to each obscures fundamental differences among theorists, unprofitably restricts the range of theoretical alternatives, and will not encompass the variety of viable theoretic perspectives now before us. In place of the laws-rules-systems trichotomy this paper offers a multilevel analytic framework for organizing theoretical alternatives in communication.     

关于高等师范院校公共必修课《心理学》教材的几个理论问题

一九七八年五月在杭州召开了全国心理学专业学术会议。为了适应教学上的迫切需要,教育部高等教育司副司长肖岩同志在会上组织部分高等师范院校的代表讨论协作编写高等师范院校公共必修课《心理学》教材的问题,要求新编教材必须在马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想的指导下,紧密联系实际,加强基础理论知识,正确吸取国内外科学研究的成果,注意反映教育战线的新成就,努力做到比原有的教材有所提高,为在实现四个现代化的新长征中,全面贯彻党的教育方针,提高教育质量,多出人材,早出人材服务。经讨论初步确定了编写的原则,组织了编写的力量,安排了工作的日程并提出了一些有关教学计划的建议。     

HER SON,THE ATOMIC SCIENTIST: MIRRA BIRENS,YULI KHARITON,AND MAX EITINGON'S SERVICES FOR THE SOVIETS

New evidence sheds fresh light on the decades-long controversy whether Dr Max Eitingon, a pioneer of psychoanalysis in Europe and Palestine, collaborated with Soviet intelligence. This paper focuses on the hitherto overlooked figure and connections of his wife Mirra, and especially the impact of her son Yuli Khariton's career as a top nuclear physicist in the USSR's scientific and defence establishment.     

THE EFFECTS OF SEVERE BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS IN CHILDREN ON THE TEACHING BEHAVIOR OF ADULTS

Applied behavior analysts have focused on how adults can influence the problem behavior of children using a variety of behavior modification strategies. A related question, virtually unexplored, is how the behavior problems of children influence adults. This child-effects concept was explored empirically in a study involving 12 adults who were asked to teach four pairs of children in which one member of the pair exhibited problem behavior and the other typically did not. Results demonstrated that problem children displayed tantrums, aggression, and self-injury contingent on adult instructional attempts but not at other times, whereas nonproblem children showed little or no problem behavior at any time. Importantly, from a child-effects perspective, adults engaged in teaching activities with nonproblem children more often than with problem children. Also, when an adult worked with a problem child, the breadth of instruction was more limited and typically involved those tasks associated with lower rates of behavior problems. The implications of these results are discussed with respect to theories of escape behavior, current assessment practices, and intervention issues related to maintenance. The existence of child effects suggests that problem behavior may be better understood when it is conceptualized as involving a process of reciprocal influence between adult and child.     

PREFERENCE FOR MOTIVATOR AND HYGIENE FACTORS IN A HYPOTHETICAL INTERVIEW SITUATION: FURTHER FINDINGS AND SOME IMPLICATIONS FOR THE EMPLOYMENT INTERVIEW

Managers, supervisory personnel, clerical workers, and high school students were administered questionnaires which asked them to indicate whether or not they would discuss various work-related factors if they were applicants in an employment interview situation. A systematic tendency was found for respondents to prefer to discuss "motivators" as opposed to "hygiene factors" as characteristics they would seek in a new job, or as reasons for dissatisfaction with a previous one. Responding to a modified version of the questionnaire, twenty professional employment interviewers indicated that it is in fact wise to emphasize motivators and deemphasize hygiene factors if the applicant's intent is to maximize the likelihood of being offered a job.     

团体儿童智力测验的编制：目的、准则及其衡鉴

论文阐述了选择编制与世界著名的个别施测的韦克斯勒儿童智力测验相似的但团体施行的儿童智力测验的理由;论述了指导新编测验的五条准则以及选题过程;还报告了对新编测验试用稿的几次相继的因素分析及其它的信度、效度检验结果。