大学生网络社会支持测评初探

参照已有的文献并结合广泛的调查研究,编制了我国大学生网络社会支持量表,探讨大学生网络交往中所获得的社会支持类型.探索性因素分析结果表明,大学生网络社会支持主要包括情感支持、工具性支持、信息支持、社会成员支持四个维度,4因素结构的结果在验证性因素分析中得到了验证.该量表的信度、效度符合心理测量学的要求.     

大学生心理承受力词汇内隐观的初步研究

本研究以内隐人格假设和词汇学假设作为研究的方法学基础,在619名大学生预调查的基础上编制形容词调查表,然后对1566名大学生的心理承受力进行正式调查,结果表明：(1)我国大学生心理承受力主要包含六个因素：意志能动性、人际适应性、理智性、自我适应性、包容性和超然性;(2)大学生对心理承受力成分的看法印证了专家关于压力抵抗人格特征的观点。     

College Students' Knowledge,Attitudes, and Behaviors Regarding Organ Donation: An Integrated Review of the Literature1

The current paper provides an integrated review of research literature on college students' knowledge, attitudes, and intentions regarding organ and tissue donation (OTD). Findings across 27 studies indicate that (a) students reported a lack of information and knowledge on OTD; (b) 23% reported signing an organ card or state organ donation registry; (c) positive attitudes were reported toward donation; (d) surveyed students indicated a willingness to become organ donors; and (e) 36% reported having conversations with family about OTD. Self‐efficacy and normative influence theory are recommended as promising theoretical approaches to studying OTD in college student samples.     

大学生品德发展研究

大学时期是品德形成和发展的重要时期,将德育工作与心理健康教育相结合是现代大学德育工作的新举措.本文通过对深圳信息职业技术学院大学生道德教育的实践研究,探索大学生品德与心理健康教育结合的大学生品德发展规律.     

大学生自我意识研究

使用认识自我同卷和自我意识量表对752名大学生进行测评,探索大学生个性自我、道德自我、倾向自我、社会自我、虚拟自我等维度的自我意识,结果发现:1道德自我和积极的个性自我意识是大学生自我意识的主流,道德自我、个性自我、外在自我和社会自我在年级方面存在非常显著差异.2文理科大学生自我意识存在差异.虚拟自我在性别方面存在非常显著差异,而个性自我、道德自我、倾向自我、社会自我在性别方面没有显著差异,文理科大学生虚拟自我意识差异显著.3大学生私我型自我意识平均水平高于公众型.     

大学生自信与成就动机的现况与干预

采用PEI问卷和成就动机量表对某大学三个选修课班级的大学生进行测试,并探讨大学生心理健康教育对大学生的影响效果.结果发现:1、男女大学生在PEI的"体育运动"和"外表"分量表上存在显著性差异;来自农村与来自城市的大学生相比,在PEI "与人交谈"分量表上得分存在显著性差异.2、学期初,实验班与对照班的大学生在PEI各分量表和成就动机各维度上不存在显著性差异;学期末,他们在PEI的"心境"、" 学业表现"、" 外表"分量表和成就动机"追求成功"维度上存在显著性差异.     

大学生因特网成瘾障碍的研究

本研究根据目前广泛认可的因特网成瘾障碍(Internet Addiction Disorder,IAD)诊断标准自编问卷,调查了上海市6所高校370名大学生的上网情况。结果表明:(1)自编问卷质量的各指标皆良好,问卷具有较好的稳定性和准确性。(2)上海市大学生IAD的发生率大约为8.1%。(3)男生比女生、理科比文科、大二年级比其它年级的学生陷入网络的程度深。(4)上网者每周的上网时间、使用网络工具的数量、上网动机的数量与使用网络的程度相关。(5)IAD者在网络使用的特点上明显不同于非IAD者(N-IAD者)。     

Southern College Students' Cheating Behaviors: An Examination of Problem Behavior Correlates

ABSTRACT

Understandings of cheating behavior by college students have focused on identifying rates at which students cheat and the identification of demographic characteristics. This paper focuses on demographic and other problem behaviors associated with cheating. Male and female samples from 12 southern colleges/universities are examined separately. Results show that males who cheat are more likely to be involved in four of seven other problem behaviors; females who cheat are likely to be involved in only one of seven other problematic behaviors. These findings suggest that cheating may be part of a larger problem behavior orientation for males but not females.     

当代大学生兴趣研究

１引言 兴趣是个体积极探究、认识、掌握某种事物并经常从事某种活动的个性心理倾向,对人们的工作、学习和生活具有非常重要的意义。对大学生来说,兴趣是直接推动学习活动的动力因素,是促进个性和谐发展的有效途径,是成才的起点和成就事业的沃土。加强对当代大学生兴趣系统深入的研究,有助于高等学校准确地把握他们的兴趣状况,以便在教育教学中培养和激发大学生的积极兴趣,从而为深化高等学校的教学改革,提高人才培养的质量创造有利条件。２对象和方法２．１对象 ５所本专科院校的 ３７５６名大学生,其中大学低年级为 １８６４人,…     

Students' Self-Concept and Academic Achievement in Zimbabwe: A Preliminary Study

Students' personal beliefs about their capabilities to learn influence their motivation and learning. This study determined the relationship between self-concept and academic achievement of Zimbabwean primary school students. A qualitative approach was used to collect data from 75 pupils (36 girls, 39 boys: age range 9–12 years). Data were also collected from five of the students' teachers. Pupils' perceptions of comments or feedback from classmates and teachers comprised the self-concept measures. Academic achievement was measured using teachers' ratings of pupils' academic performance. Pupils who reported receiving positive comments from classmates and teachers were more likely to be rated by their teachers as having higher academic achievement compared to those who perceived themselves to be less favourably regarded by teachers.     

感恩与大学生助人行为:共情反应的中介作用及其性别差异

本研究采用感恩特质问卷、共情反应问卷和助人行为独裁者游戏对629名大学生进行了施测,以探讨大学生感恩影响助人行为的内在机制,并考察共情反应的中介作用及其性别差异。结果发现：（1）女生感恩、共情反应和助人行为均显著高于男生;（2）共情反应在大学生感恩和助人行为之间的关系中具有部分中介作用;（3）共情反应的中介作用在男生和女生样本中均达到显著水平,相对于男生,女生共情反应对感恩与助人行为的中介效应显著增强。研究结论对于高校大学生的感恩教育和道德教育与干预具有参考价值。     

职业刻板印象及其影响因素研究

通过外显报告和内隐联想测验,发现在外显和内隐层面,大学生存在明显的职业刻板印象,对某些职业评价很高,有些则很低。工作岗位所在不同地域对大学生职业刻板印象产生较大影响,隐藏着加工机制的深层问题。研究结果表明,大学生就业观存在某种偏差。     

大学生使用BBS的心理因素研究

在理论分析基础上,构建了大学生使用BBS的心理因素及行为模型,并编制问卷,通过对137名大学生的问卷调查对该模型进行了验证.结果表明:1.使用BBS的行为意向和自我效能感对使用行为的预测作用极其显著.2.使用BBS的态度对行为意向有极显著的正向影响.3.使用BBS过程中体验到的实用性和积极感受对于态度有显著的正向影响,而在使用BBS过程中体验到的危害性对态度有负向影响.4.互联网自我效能感对使用BBS的自我效能感有极其显著的正向影响,但对使用BBS的态度无显著影响.5.使用BBS的自我效能感和控制感对使用行为的影响不显著.     

Cyberbullying in High Schools: A Study of Students' Behaviors and Beliefs about This New Phenomenon

This study explores high school students' beliefs and behaviors associated with cyberbullying. Specifically, it examines this new phenomenon from the following four perspectives: (a) What happens after students are cyberbullied? (b) What do students do when witnessing cyberbullying? (c) Why do victims not report the incidents? and (d) What are students' opinions about cyberbullying? Data were collected from 269 Grade 7 through 12 students in 5 Canadian schools. Several themes have emerged from the analysis, which uncovers some important patterns. One finding is that over 40% would do nothing if they were cyberbullied, and only about 1 in 10 would inform adults. Students feel reluctant to report cyberbullying incidents to adults in schools for various reasons, which are discussed in depth.     

想象对大学生内隐刻板印象的影响研究

通过对大学生在三种想象条件下性别-职业刻板印象的IAT的结果的对比进行实验。研究表明:反刻板印象想象策略的干预效果明显,刻板印象的内隐效应在明显地减弱;即使是大学生,在性别-职业刻板印象上也存在内隐效应,而且没有性别差异;内隐刻板印象具有一定的适应性,在内隐的和无意识的水平上反刻板印象想象无法完全消除刻板印象。     

中国大学生人格障碍的现状调查

目的:对我国在校大学生人格障碍进行筛查,并探讨人格障碍阳性率与某些社会人口学变量的关系.方法:采用人格诊断问卷(Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4 , PDQ-4 )对全国西北、东北、华北、华东、华南、华中、西南七个行政区21个城市26所高校的4811名学生进行测查,以分量表分5～6分为人格障碍亚型划界分计算阳性率.结果:(1)全体大学生样本12种人格障碍亚型的阳性检出率在1.2%～27.6%之间,最高为表演型(27.6%),最低为分裂样型(1.2%);(2)男生偏执型、分裂型、反社会型、自恋型、强迫型、被动攻击型的阳性率显著高于女性,依赖型阳性率显著低于女生;(3)农村家庭学生、单亲家庭和寄养家庭学生、贫困家庭学生人格障碍阳性率较高;(4)独生与非独生学生之间,自然科学与人文社科专业学生之间人格障碍阳性率互有高低.结论:当前我国大学生中存在较严重的人格异常和人格障碍问题,男生较女生更严重.家庭经济贫困、低社会阶层、父母离异、不适当的养育方式等可能与子女的不健全人格和人格障碍的形成有关.     

大学生自我控制研究

时代进步呼唤自强精神,大学教育强调自我教育,个人发展需要自我管理。本研究以大学生为对象,探讨自强精神、自我教育、自我管理的共同关键即自我控制。在文献研究的基础上,创新提出了一种整合的自我控制自组织理论构想。通过开放式问卷调查、团体焦点问题访谈、结构式问卷调查和结构方程建模等实证分析,揭示了大学生自我控制内部要素、因素及其相互作用机制．总体上印证了理论构想。结论：自我控制是以自我为主体,在由生命圈、社会圈和字宙圈组成的立体三维时空中,以个人身心和行为、外在环境和事件为对象,以实现个人、社会和字宙内外和谐发展为原则目标的,自我觉醒、自我规划、自我执行、自我评估、自我激励、自我校正的动态阴阳变化自组织系统。该研究提出的理论及模型,具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。     

College Students' Attitudes Toward Abortion: The Role of Knowledge and Demographic Variables1

The present study sought to determine the role that knowledge of abortion information and various demographic variables play in discriminating between those who approve and those who disapprove of abortion. Four hundred and fifty-four college students completed the Abortion Knowledge Test, constructed by the researchers, as well as an abortion attitudes questionnaire which asked subjects to indicate their degree of approval or disapproval of abortion in the case of 7 different scenarios. Attitudes toward abortion were significantly predicted by knowledge of abortion-related information above and beyond the significant influence of degree of religiosity, religion, and age. No significant gender differences were found. Respondents who indicated approval of abortion scored significantly higher on the Abortion Knowledge Test and tended to be older, less religious, and non-Catholic compared to those who disapproved of abortion.     

Sexting on Campus: Minimizing Perceived Risks and Neutralizing Behaviors

This study analyzes 85 personal narratives to explore the ways young adults navigate sexting exchanges and find meaning in them within the college context. We find that respondents who sext and those who abstain both believe that sexting carries significant risks, including the possibility that one’s sext could be shared with unintended viewers. Respondents attempt to minimize perceived risks through content control strategies such as “keeping it fun,” limiting explicitness, and creating plausible deniability. Moreover, respondents offer accounts aimed at neutralizing their discreditable actions through the claim of normalcy, justification by comparison, and the claim of benefits. We conclude by discussing the implications of these findings for micro-sociological perspectives on deviant behavior.