Influence of the restored work-hardening rate on ductility studied by X-ray computed tomography

Abstract

Void growth and coalescence in a model material containing an artificial three-dimensional void array (the estimated local void volume fraction was 1.1%) were investigated by X-ray computed tomography (=XCT). The initially tapered cylindrical voids became elongated along the principal straining direction by some amount of tensile plastic deformation, and then the work-hardening capacity in the intervoid matrix was restored by an intermediate annealing. The annealed model material was pulled in tension all the way up to fracture to see if the existing void coalescence models can predict the void coalescence strain.     

Fractals and scaling in fracture induced by microcrack coalescence

A numerical model is proposed to simulate fracture induced by the coalescence of numerous microcracks, in which the condition for coalescence between two randomly nucleated microcracks is determined in terms of a load-sharing principle. The results of the simulation show that, as the number density of nucleated microcracks increases, stochastic coalescence first occurs followed by a small fluctuation, and finally a newly nucleated microcrack triggers a cascade coalescence of microcracks resulting in catastrophic failure. The fracture profiles exhibit self-affine fractal characteristics with a universal roughness exponent, but the critical damage threshold is sensitive to details of the model. The spatiotemporal distribution of nucleated microcracks in the vicinity of critical failure follows a power-law behaviour, which implies that the microcrack system may evolve to a critical state.     

An atomistic modelling and statistical analysis study of crack–void interaction in Aluminum

The interaction between a brittle crack and pre-existing void in front of the crack tip was studied in the realm of molecular dynamics simulations at the nanoscale in face centred cubic Al within the framework of embedded-atom method. The results provide corroborative evidence of the fact that presence of a void in front of a running crack deters further crack growth. By performing an extensive series of simulations with different void sizes and crack-void distances coupled with statistical analysis, it has been found that (1) major role of voids is to decrease the fracture stress with increasing void size, in addition to slight increase in strain at which the crack growth occurs and the consequent strain to fracture, (2) fracture stress for a constant void size follows a sinusoidal distribution by varying the crack-void distance and (3) it is the void size that is most crucial in dictating the fracture properties of the material, rather than the void placement.     

Effect of elasto-plastic compatibility of grains on void-initiation criteria in low-carbon steel

The present study provides evidence for the role of ferrite-grain-size distributions on the occurrence of void initiation in a low-carbon steel. Various thermomechanical treatments were undertaken to create ultrafine, bimodal and coarse distributions of ferrite grain sizes. A two-parameter characterisation of probable void initiation sites is proposed, namely an elastic modulus difference and a difference in Schmid factor of the grains surrounding the void. All microstructures were categorised based on the ability to facilitate or resist void nucleation. For coarse grains, the elastic modulus and the Schmid factor differences are the highest, while they are intermediate for ultrafine grains and the lowest for the bimodal microstructure.     

The concept of the ‘Other’ in modern Arab thought: From Muhammad cAbdu to Abdallah Laroui

The primary condition for the progress, or indeed the survival, of human societies is their effective coalescence into one human society’ (Zurayk 1994, 96).     

Sitting through the emptiness

This article explores clinical encounters with experiences of the ‘empty ego’ which arise from early relational trauma. The ego’s emptiness is held in repetitious complexes and arises out of affectively charged experiences between self and other which remain split-off from awareness. This kind of consciousness is viewed as dualistic, separating non-dual subjectivity from its dualistic objects of consciousness. In contrast, what I am calling healing void states of non-dualistic consciousness, when admitted to awareness, allow the individual to dis-identify from the traumatizing representations of self and other through an experience of non-duality. In contrast to an objectified, dualistic emptiness of the ego, healing void states come about in moments of non-dual, unified consciousness. These states occur in the ego-Self relationship by linking the ego’s dualistic awareness in chronic subject/object splits to ones of non-dual pure consciousness. The healing void state is always incipiently present and potentially able to bridge the ego-Self connection in bogged-down treatment. The paper explores potential integrations with non-dual models of consciousness such as Vedantic and Kashmir Shaivism, among other mystical traditions. A combined Vedantic-Jungian understanding can provide a transcendent bridge that integrates Eastern concepts of non-duality in treating emptiness.     

精神分析维度中的实体和主体——论拉康-齐泽克的“实体即主体”

与弗洛伊德一样,以拉康(J.Lacan)为代表的现代精神分析理论仍然是以无意识为研究对象的学说。拉康始终声称要回到弗洛伊德,这表明拉康与弗洛伊德之间存在着密切的思想渊源关系。然而另一方面,拉康的思想体系中也渗透着浓重的黑格尔思想成分。这表明,拉康在20世纪30年代     

Someplace in Mind

This paper is a meditation on the interpenetration of mental and physical, particularly architectural, place. Its premise is that the relationship between person and place is transitional, ever in flux, person continually defining place into a continuous reality, and reality perpetually placing person. Further, this interchange occurs against the backdrop of an inconceivable void whereby the very terms of the interchange can be nullified. Such a void is unconscious and outside in the sense that it is outside what can be known. The matter of opening the inside to the outside becomes an endeavor shared by psychoanalysis and by architecture, notably sacred architecture. The exchange between inside and outside is considered using as examples the body, Freud's office, Disneyland, and the cathedral. Implications are extrapolated as to the provisional nature of the self.     

A Qualitative Study of the Supports Women Find Most Beneficial When Dealing with a Spouse’s Sexually Addictive or Compulsive Behaviors: Insights for Pastoral Counselors and Clergy

There is currently a void in the literature regarding the kinds of support women find most beneficial when dealing with a spouse’s sexually addictive or compulsive behaviors. Addressing this void is particularly relevant for clergy, seeing as they are increasingly sought out as an initial and/or primary support for dealing with this marital issue. Using grounded theory methodology, 22 women from Canada and the USA were interviewed to find out what they found most helpful as they sought support to cope with a spouse’s sexually addictive and compulsive behaviors. Insights for pastoral counselors and clergy were highlighted.     

THE BLANK FACE OF LOVE: THE POSSIBILITY OF GOODNESS IN THE LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL WORK OF IRIS MURDOCH1

This article explores the value of Iris Murdoch's metaphysical ethics for the theologian. Although, in many ways, Murdoch does appeal to the theologian, a subtle form of nihilism underlies her thought insofar as human goodness—in the form of loving attention—is only possible once the individual has overcome his/her ego by staring into the void and accepting the ultimate meaninglessness of reality. As this article demonstrates, Murdoch's replacement of transcendence with void rules out any form of real love or human goodness: only a dualistic exchange of gazes remains possible. Real, selfless love is only possible when the ego understands itself in the context of theological transcendence.     

Coalescence of the Fermi-surface-related diffuse-intensity peaks in disordered alloys

The theoretical possibility of the disappearance of the diffuse-intensity peak splitting induced by the Fermi surface in disordered alloys with decreasing temperature is predicted. The underlying mechanism is the compensation of the reciprocal-space curvatures of the self-energy and the interaction. The theory also describes similar results obtained earlier for two low-dimensional models with competing interactions. The coalescence is compared with the recently observed 'thermal' splitting in Pt-V which can be explained in the same way.     

Action across emptiness

This paper examines how autism may affect the processing and containing of emotions and sensations. At the beginning of life we can hypothesise that the baby develops two means of processing experience: containment that involves a sensory and mimetic trace of relational experience (proto-containment) and containment which, through the α function and projective and introjective functions translates feelings into meaning (♀/♂). Both these means of processing emotional experience remain active throughout life but oscillate the one with the other. The main hypothesis of this work is that the autistic child is not able to oscillate between real containment (♀/♂) and a primitive form of proto-containment. The author aims to explore, through clinical material, the factors which may promote this oscillation. Autistic children often use non-verbal communication. The author examines how a particular type of action can cross the relational void in the therapeutic relationship through a process that can transform feelings of great distress in the analyst via acts that can be described as an Act of Faith, as described by Bion. This form of action that can cross the void is like an artistic performance.     

Psychometric Properties of Wellness Instruments

The purpose of this study was to fill a void with respect to the psychometric properties of wellness inventories. Three instruments were examined in this study: The Wellness Inventory, The Lifestyle Assessment Questionnaire—Wellness Inventory Section, and the Lifestyle Coping Inventory.     

Career Counseling: Those Powerful Beginning Counselor Leads

This article partially fills an expressed void in our professional literature: articles illustrating effective career counseling techniques.     

A systematic analysis of distressing near-death experience accounts

ABSTRACT

Near-death experiences (NDEs) are usually associated with positive affect, however, a small proportion are considered distressing. We aimed to look into the proportion of distressing NDEs in a sample of NDE narratives, categorise distressing narratives according to Greyson and Bush’s classification (inverse, void or hellish), and compare distressing and “classical” NDEs. Participants wrote down their experience, completed the Memory Characteristics Questionnaire (assessing the phenomenology of memories) and the Greyson scale (characterising content of NDEs). The proportion of suicidal attempts, content and intensity of distressing and classical NDEs were compared using frequentist and Bayesian statistics. Distressing NDEs represent 14% of our sample (n?=?123). We identified 8 inverse, 8 hellish and 1 void accounts. The proportion of suicide survivors is higher in distressing NDEs as compared to classical ones. Finally, memories of distressing NDEs appear as phenomenologically detailed as classical ones. Distressing NDEs deserve careful consideration to ensure their integration into experiencers’ identity.     

Dropping Out of Marriage and Family Therapy: A Critical Review of Research

The lack of attention given to research on the premature termination by clients in marriage and family therapy is evident in research reviews of the dropout phenomenon in psychotherapy. This article is an attempt to fill that void. The research literature on dropping out of family therapy is reviewed and organized. Studies in this area tend to focus on four kinds of variables: client characteristics, therapist characteristics, therapy process variables, and interventions. Stable findings in each of these areas are pointed out. Both limitations and recommendations for future research are discussed.     

Ethical issues in the use of the bogus pipeline

This article addresses the ethics of utilizing the bogus pipeline (BPL) procedure in social psychological research. A debate is presented between 2 positions: One challenges the use of the BPL based on ethical principles, and the other confronts these challenges. The debate addresses the void in previous BPL literature regarding concerns about the ethics of using this technique, and raises awareness about potential ethical dilemmas faced by BPL users. The BPL is discussed from utilitarian and deontological ethical perspectives.     

Effect of initial texture on deformation-induced grain growth in pulsed electrodeposited microcrystalline copper

Owing to the presence of large fraction of grain boundaries, deformation-induced grain growth is commonly observed in fine-grained electrodeposited metals. Here we demonstrate that microcrystalline copper (d～1–10?µm) with different textures produced by electrodeposition exhibit significant deformation-induced grain growth in tension by coalescence along with twin boundary migration and detwinning. Oriented growth with the formation of a cube texture was noted in the deformed samples. There was an increased fraction of twin boundaries with large angular deviation from Brandon's criterion during deformation.     

Voids formed from solidifying tin particles in solid aluminium

In this study, voids commonly associated with tin particles in two aluminium alloys containing microalloying additions (0.01 at.%) of tin have been observed by transmission electron microscopy. The voids were generated by quenching the alloys at moderate rates (10²–10³ K s^?1) from a temperature (718 K) in excess of the melting temperature (501 K) of elemental tin in tin–microalloyed aluminium. Estimates of the void volume as a function of the volume of the associated tin particle reveal a linear relationship consistent with the excess volume resulting from the solidification of the tin particle. The formation and stabilisation of shrinkage voids in metallic alloys are suggested to arise from a combination of high vacancy supersaturation, the large volumetric misfit strain of the solidifying tin particle and a reduction in void surface energy associated with segregation of alloying elements.