« La malléabilité du cadre thérapeutique comme support d’élaboration sur les terrains de l’aide internationale »

IntroductionIn the field of international aid, the projects set up, including psychological care systems, must respond to international and local requirements regarding their financing and sustainability. In these contexts, clinical questions intersect with those of the systems and culture. The traumatic dimension remains prevalent, and these contexts often must deal with multiple local and international requirements. These dimensions can influence the devices set up and their evolution.ObjectivesThrough feedback from an action-research conducted in Cambodia, we question the evolutions and adaptations of a therapeutic device with abused children.MethodFor one year, a device based on mediation was proposed for 10 children hosted within a local child protection NGO. We describe here its implementation and its evolution in the field.ResultsThe setting up of the system was a vector of different meetings. The adjustments were made in relation to the institutional context, the meetings with the local actors and the specificities of the clinic.ConclusionThe evolutions of the therapeutic device seem to signify the processes at play, both on the institutional and intersubjective scene. Regarding these field returns, the malleability of the therapeutic devices in these contexts seems to support the expression and the processual evolution, allowing a work of psychic elaboration.     

Fractal growth of graphite nodules in iron

It has been found from a large number of statistical tests that graphite nodules in malleable iron grow with time according to a power law. The growth of the nodules and their fractal dimension have been investigated experimentally as a function of annealing time. Based on the assumption of carbon-diffusion-controlled growth in the initial stage, the growth equation is R _G = K ₁ t ^1/(D-1), where R _G is the radius of the graphite nodules, t the time, D the fractal dimension and K ₁ a constant. Assuming cementite-dissolution-controlled growth in the later stages of growth, the relation is R _G = K ₃ t ^3/D , where K ₃ is a constant. The fractal dimension, or the aggregate state of the graphite nodules, strongly influences the growth process.     

Psychiatry and religion: a perspective on meaning

ABSTRACT

A Position Statement on Spirituality and Religion in Psychiatry was issued by the World Psychiatric Association in 2016. Among many recommendations, this statement underscores the need for research on both religion and spirituality in psychiatry, especially on their clinical applications. In this contribution we will put light on the issue of meaning and meaning-making, i.e., an important field for every human, Particularly for individuals suffering from severe mental disorders. After an introduction about meaning in its religious/spiritual dimension, we will describe what needs to be studied in order to get a better knowledge as to how patients cope with meaning, and how they process (in terms of meaning-making) the outburst of a severe mental disorder such as schizophrenia.     

Many-Valued Points And Equality

In 1999, da Silva, D'Ottaviano and Sette proposed a general definition for the term translation between logics and presented an initial segment of its theory. Logics are characterized, in the most general sense, as sets with consequence relations and translations between logics as consequence-relation preserving maps. In a previous paper the authors introduced the concept of conservative translation between logics and studied some general properties of the co-complete category constituted by logics and conservative translations between them. In this paper we present some conservative translations involving classical logic, Lukasiewicz three-valued system L ₃, the intuitionistic system I ¹ and several paraconsistent logics, as for instance Sette's system P ¹, the D'Ottaviano and da Costa system J ₃ and da Costa's systems C _n, 1 n.     

Age,Gender, and Self-Esteem Differences in Adolescent Coping Styles

Abstract

A self-complete inventory was used to collect data concerning consumer cognition and activity among a sample of 211 young adults. Eysenck's (1958) short personality questionnaire was incorporated into the inventory, so that the respondents could be classified by both degree of extraversion-introversion (E) and stability-neuroticism (N). The results show that, although levels of E and N were not directly related to measures of spatial cognition among the sample consumers, a statistically significant relationship was found between N and actual spatial behavior, with stable consumers tending to use relatively fewer centers. Further analysis, however, revealed that the E dimension of personality was of significance when levels of actual center usage were considered as a proportion of the total universe of known opportunities. Moreover, when the sample was disaggregated by gender, it was found that extraverted-unstable men indulged in more extensive spatial behavior in relation to known opportunities than did other personality groups.     

Inhibitory processes in young and older adults in a picture-word task

Abstract

The present study examines changes in healthy young and healthy older adults in the ability to inhibit partially activated information in a picture/word interference paradigm. On each trial, subjects received a cue (i.e., the word PICTURE or WORD) indicating which of two stimuli the subject should attend to in an upcoming picture/word display. the display always contained a superimposed picture and word (e.g., a picture of a DEER with the word TEA printed on it). Following display offset, and depending upon the initial precue, either a test picture (e.g., KETTLE) or a test word (e.g., MOOSE) was presented. the subject's task was to determine as quickly and as accurately as possible whether the test stimulus was related to the cued dimension of the earlier picture/word display. the speed to reject an unrelated test item (e.g., picture of a KETTLE when the precue was PICTURE) that was related to the ignored dimension of the picture/word display (e.g., the word TEA in the picture/word display) was used as an index of the efficiency of the inhibitory system. the results indicated that older adults had more difficulty than younger adults inhibiting a to-be-ignored word when it was related to a picture test item, but did not have more difficulty inhibiting a to-be-ignored picture when it was related to a word test item. the results indicate that an age-related deficit in the control of interfering information is dependent upon the fluency of the processing routes.     

Do overall dimension ratings from assessment centres show external construct-related validity?

ABSTRACT

There have been repeated calls for an external construct validation approach to advance our understanding of the construct-related validity of assessment centre dimension ratings beyond existing internal construct-related validity findings. Following an external construct validation approach, we examined whether linking assessment centre overall dimension ratings to ratings of the same dimensions that stem from sources external to the assessment centre provides evidence for construct-related validity of assessment centre ratings. We used data from one laboratory assessment centre sample and two field samples. External ratings of the same dimensions stemmed from assessees, assessees’ supervisors, and customers. Results converged across all three samples and showed that different dimension-same source correlations within the assessment centres were larger than same dimension-different source correlations. Moreover, confirmatory factor analyses revealed source factors but no dimension factors in the latent factor structure of overall dimension ratings from the assessment centre and from external sources. Hence, consistent results across the three samples provide no support that assessment centre overall dimension ratings and ratings of the same dimensions from other sources can be attributed to dimension factors. This questions arguments that assessment centre overall dimension ratings should have construct-related validity.     

Le Questionnaire sur les structures relationnelles : adaptation et validation de la version française du Experiences in Close Relationships–Relationship Structures Questionnaire

Introduction and objectivesThe Relationship Structures Questionnaire (ECR-RS), developed by Fraley, Heffernan, Vicary, et Brumbaugh (2011), measures a central construct commonly studied in the field of interpersonal relationships: one's specific attachment to a person. The objective of the two studies was to translate, adapt and validate a French version of the ECR-RS in the romantic relationship context.MethodData were collected from 110 French-speaking couples (Study 1) and 281 French-speaking students (Study 2). To evaluate the validity of the French version presented here, we investigated the factor structure, reliability (internal consistency and temporal stability), content validity, and concurrent validity.Results and conclusionResults support the French version presented here while revealing that the elimination of items 5 and 6 of the avoidance dimension is necessary for good psychometric properties. This adapted and validated version of the ECR-RS may be used for research with French-speaking populations.     

Sb 2 Te 3 and In 0.2 Sb 1.8 Te 3 : A comparative study of thermoelectric and related properties

Sb 2 Te 3 and its solid solutions with group III elements such as In are materials of current interest for their potential thermoelectric applications. Single crystals of Sb 2 Te 3 and In 0.2 Sb 1.8 Te 3 have been grown by the Bridgman method and their powder X-ray diffractograms obtained and indexed. The transport properties, namely electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient and thermal conductivity, as well as the optical bandgap of the alloys have been measured and are compared. The ternary alloy containing In has a smaller optical bandgap and lower electrical and thermal conductivity than Sb 2 Te 3, but a higher Seebeck coefficient.     

Outcomes of an existential‐humanistic psychotherapy: A tribute to Rollo May

Abstract

Many psychotherapies are formally or informally designated as experiential psychotherapies, and experiencing is increasingly included as one of the common dimensions of psychotherapeutic change. Accordingly, the major purpose is to provide a critical review of the ways in which the term “experiencing” is used in the field of psychotherapy. The provisional conclusion is that there are ten meanings of experiencing, of which only four emerge as defining distinctively experiential processes of psychotherapeutic change. On this basis, it is proposed that a particular group of therapies qualify as distinctively experiential and as comprising the cornerstones of an experiential family of psychotherapies, and it is possible to address the issue of whether or not experiencing qualifies as a common dimension of psychotherapeutic change.     

Three-dimensional model of performance anxiety: Tests of the adaptive potential of the regulatory dimension of anxiety

ObjectivesTo predict the complex anxiety-performance dynamics, Cheng and associates (Cheng, Hardy, & Markland, 2009, 2011; Cheng, Hardy, & Woodman, 2011) proposed a three-dimensional model of anxiety that highlighted the adaptive potential of anxiety, and was supported with regard to cross-cultural factorial validity and predictive validity in the context of sports performance. In particular, this anxiety model included a regulatory dimension (reflected by perceived control) in addition to the conventional intensity-oriented dimensions of cognitive and physiological anxiety.DesignTo further examine the characteristics of the hypothesized adaptive potential of the regulatory dimension of anxiety, a series of three studies were conducted to investigate the relationship mainly between the regulatory dimension and three psychological variables proposed to be related to performance and stress, namely, perfectionism, self-talk and coping strategy.MethodChinese sports participants and dancers completed self-report measures. Hierarchical multiple regression was adopted for data analysis.ResultsThe findings showed that the regulatory dimension of anxiety was positively predicted by relatively adaptive dimensions of perfectionism (personal standards) and self-talk (motivational and instructional self-talk), and positively predicted approach coping.ConclusionsOverall, these data support the hypothesized characteristics of the adaptive potential underlying the regulatory dimension of anxiety. Future research and applied implications are suggested.     

Cut-free sequent and tableau systems for propositional Diodorean modal logics

We present sound, (weakly) complete and cut-free tableau systems for the propositional normal modal logicsS4.3, S4.3.1 andS4.14. When the modality is given a temporal interpretation, these logics respectively model time as a linear dense sequence of points; as a linear discrete sequence of points; and as a branching tree where each branch is a linear discrete sequence of points.Although cut-free, the last two systems do not possess the subformula property. But for any given finite set of formulaeX the superformulae involved are always bounded by a finite set of formulaeX* _L depending only onX and the logicL. Thus each system gives a nondeterministic decision procedure for the logic in question. The completeness proofs yield deterministic decision procedures for each logic because each proof is constructive.Each tableau system has a cut-free sequent analogue proving that Gentzen's cut-elimination theorem holds for these latter systems. The techniques are due to Hintikka and Rautenberg.Presented byDov M. Gabbay     

Structure of twins in GaAs nanowires grown by the vapour–liquid–solid process

Semiconducting crystalline materials that are poor conductors of heat are important as thermoelectric materials and for technological applications involving thermal management. A combination of neutron scattering, lowtemperature ultrasonic attenuation and thermal conductivity measurements are reported on single crystals of the semiconductors Sr₈Ga₁₆Ge₃₀ and Ba₈Ga₁₆Ge₃₀. Taken together, these measurements suggest specific structural features that result in a crystal with the lowest possible thermal conductivity, namely that of a glass with the same chemical composition. Weakly bound atoms that 'rattle' within oversized atomic cages in a crystal result in a low thermal conductivity, but the present data show that both 'rattling' atoms and tunnelling states are necessary to produce a true glass-like thermal conductivity.     

Thermal-equilibrium processes and electronic transport in undoped hydrogenated amorphous silicon

Abstract

The temperature and time dependence of the d.c. conductivity of undoped hydrogenated amorphous silicon is presented. Measurements of the electronic transport are reported, with particular emphasis on the effects of annealing and cooling the samples. Two regimes of behaviour are observed. When samples are rapidly cooled from 200°C below a temperature T _E～145°C a non-equilibrium dark conductivity, higher than that corresponding to slow cooling, is observed. The electronic and atomic structure then slowly relax and the time dependence of the excess conductivity is well described by a stretched exponential function. The second regime above T _E corresponds to a relaxation time short compared to experimental times and the conductivity is independent of which order the annealing temperature is chosen. Thus the thermal equilibrium processes observed in undoped samples are qualitatively very similar to those observed in doped samples as recently reported in the literature.     

Book reviews

The Pravargya Brāhmana of the Taittiriya āranyaka: An Ancient Commentary on the Pravargya Ritual. Jan E. M. Houben, 1991 Delhi, Motilal Banarsidass xv + 147 pp., Rs.125

The Cavern Mystery Transmission: A Taoist Ordination Rite of AD 711. Asian Studies at Hawaii Series No. 38 Charles D. Benn, 1991 Honolulu, HI, University of Hawaii Press ix + 227 pp.

The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science and Human Experience F. J. Varela, E. Thompson & E. Rosch, 1991 Cambridge, MA, MIT Press £22.50     

Qualités psychométriques d’une version francophone du « Displaced Aggression Questionnaire »

IntroductionThe Displaced Aggression Questionnaire is currently the only self-report instrument to measure individual tendency to displace aggression. It is composed of three factors, which assess an affective dimension (angry rumination), a cognitive dimension (revenge planning) and a behavioral dimension (displaced aggression).ObjectiveTo adapt a French translated version of the Displaced Aggression Questionnaire and test the psychometrics.MethodIn this study, we recruited 191 adults in the community. The questionnaire has been adapted and validated with respects to guidelines for the process of transcultural adaptation and validation of self-report measures. A principal component analysis has been used to assess the structure of the French version of the questionnaire.ResultsAfter taking into account one item that has not loaded onto any of the three expected factors, the principal component analysis confirmed the hypothesized three-factor structure for the French version of the questionnaire according to the original structure of the scale. It has been named Questionnaire d’Agression Déplacée in French. Results showed good psychometric qualities for the internal consistency, the discriminant and concomitant validity and the reliability.ConclusionBased on these positive results, this version can already be used by French speaking researchers.     

The Impact of Making Targeted Dimensions Transparent on Relations With Typical Performance Predictors

The research presented here investigated the impact of making targeted dimensions transparent to participants prior to their performance of a simulation exercise, on the level of dimension ratings and their correlations with typical performance predictors. Results from two studies, both employing between-subjects designs, showed that conceptually matched typical performance predictors were more positively associated with dimension ratings when targeted dimensions were not made transparent than when they were. In addition, only when targeted dimensions were not made transparent did conceptually matched typical performance predictors correlate more positively with dimension ratings than conceptually distinct typical performance predictors. Finally, those who were made aware of targeted dimensions received higher mean ratings in Study 1 but not in Study 2.     

Thanks to 2010 Reviewers

Abstract

The electronic conductivity, diffusion coefficient and the self-energy in the vicinity of the energy gap of amorphous Si at T=0K have been computed as a function of energy for a fully bonded model of Si. We have used the equation-of-motion method in κ-space to show, for the first time, the probable position and existence of mobility edges. The conductivity rises rapidly away from the mobility edges to take values typical of those found in liquid metals. The behaviour of the self-energy indicates that a resonance phenomenon is responsible for the formation of a gap.     

Differential activation of a central inhibition system by motion and colour distractors

ABSTRACT

The selection of relevant stimuli is partially achieved through inhibition of irrelevant distractors. Using the distractor induced blindness (DIB) paradigm, we investigated whether these inhibitory processes depend on the feature dimension that is used to define distractors. Following a pilot study that found motion and colour targets to be comparably salient, we analysed distractor effects of those two feature dimensions. In both feature dimensions, an inhibition effect depended on the number of distractors. Colour, however, was more sensitive to distractor episodes as compared to motion: The level of inhibition was more pronounced, and its activation required less distractors. The results of a control experiment provided further evidence that, in fact, the feature dimension -instead of design differences between tasks- is responsible for this observation. The dimension-sensitive bias in the activation of a central inhibition system may be attributed to a differential processing of visual signals, depending on their behavioural relevance.