技术时代的哲学反思——“第八届全国技术哲学研讨会”综述

当今时代 ,人类日益需要仰赖各种复杂的技术系统来满足自己生存与发展的需求。我们甚至为技术所形塑——尽管我们自命为技术的创造者。另一方面 ,技术又带来了我们时代的最高危险 ,它使人的生存状态异化和非本真化。事实上 ,不管它给人类带来的是恩赐还是灾难 ,技术已经构成了人类不可逃脱的命运。技术在今天给人类所带来的这种特殊境遇使得在哲学中 (乃至社会科学领域中 )普遍出现了一种可称之为“技术转向 (technical turn)”的重要学术现象 ,——现代技术的渗透性影响 ,迫使 2 0世纪几乎所有重要的思想家与流派都不得不把技术当作自己的…     

洛克德育心理思想浅探

英国十七世纪著名的哲学家、思想家、教育理论家洛克(1632—1704),是一个唯物主义的感觉经验论者,在《人类理解论》一书中,他用一切知识、观念来自经验的观点,逐条批驳了笛卡尔的天赋观念论。在此基础上,洛克阐述了著名的“心灵白板说”和知识起源的感觉经验论等观点。他说:“让我们假定人心是白纸,如我们所     

风险社会的伦理意蕴

“风险社会”已是人类可经验到的事实。风险是一个表明自然终结和传统终结的概念,它是预测和控制人类活动的未来结果,即激进现代化的各种各样、不可预料的后果的现代手段,使一种拓殖未来的企图,一种认识的图谱。。在风险社会,风险是永恒存在的,它只具有有限的可控性,对人类是一个很大的挑战。风险和责任是内在关联的。风险社会赋予了伦理以更加丰富的内涵,加强风险社会的伦理研究,建立风险伦理学,将有利于我们更好地防范风险。     

社会风险研究:时代危机的哲学反思

现时代的关键问题是风险已生成为我们的时代特征与社会主题: 从个体生活、社会发展到人类命运,无不受到风险的影响,我们已进入风险社会之中。"社会风险"与"风险社会"既有差异又有关联。只要社会发展还处于未完结的生成过程之中,"社会风险"作为具有一般性特征的客观实在,就将持存于人类社会始终,即便在未来理想形态的社会中也应据有重要地位。"风险社会"则是一个现代性范畴,是自 "切尔诺贝利核事故"之后才逐步进入公共话语的中心地带,并被贝克、吉登斯等社会学家标识为现代社会的典型特征; 它本质上是"社会风险"在现代性境遇中所凸显出来的当代形态与时代危机。"风险社会"的来临标示了现时代     

中国传统文化的后现代诠释

一、引言 由于近代科学对中世纪神学的胜利及其在技术上的巨大成功,我们在某种意义上把近代标示为“理性的时代”或“科学的时代”。西方文明的发展,科学精神的张扬,代表人类智性的进步与胜利,也为人类取得了较大的生存空间及较大的灵活性,“西方的科技照亮了整个世界,西方的理性滋润启发了不少心灵。”① 然而,人类社会并没有象１８世纪的启蒙思想家和１９世纪的进化论者所构想的那样,在“理性”的指引下,得到健全的、有秩序的发展。两三个世纪的实践证明,作为自然、社会系统调控者的人类,其实践既有积极的正面效应,也有消极的…     

《超载的挪亚方舟》出版

林京耀、陈荷清著《超载的挪亚方舟》已由江苏人民出版社出版.本书作者以强烈的危机感和紧迫感,以翔实的材料描述了当代人类所面临的一个全球性问题——生态环境的现状及其发展趋势.指出地球环境的容量不是无限的,我们地球的承载能力已经被超过了.本书认为,人类在对文明进步和当代的繁荣和发展的反思中终于觉醒到,以生态环境恶化为代价的文明、繁荣、发展是不可取的,必须重塑我们的生活和文化,把生态环境价值纳入“现代化”、“发展”的范畴.作者叙述了现代生态     

时代的变迁与宗教的回应 世界宗教百年回眸(下)

人类的经验史表明,宗教的形态、趋向和功能深受时代与社会环境的影响,处在不断的演进之中。即将与我们挥手告别的20世纪,不仅是人类社会发展史上不寻常的百年,在宗教思想史上也是一个万象更新的时代。就世界三大宗教而论,因时代变迁而受到冲击、引起动荡,以拥有12亿人口的伊斯兰教最为突出。如果一定要用一句话来概括近百年间伊斯兰教的走向,似乎可以这样说：不断地以‘动”和“变”来求生存、图发展已成为伊斯兰教的主流思想。一、从泛伊斯兰教认同转向现代民族国家认同19世纪曾被视为伊斯兰教的“黑暗时期”。“黑暗”,指的是近代…     

技术时代的生命图景与医学的当代史--关于20世纪医学衍进的对话

□今年被认为是20世纪时光隧道的出口,人们需要在这里驻足回眸,梳理百年的沧桑记忆,述说世纪的兴盛与危机,历数百年间的英雄与蠢货,刻画当代社会与文化的本质特征。前些日子读到吴国盛的一本小册子《现代化之忧思》。他以哲人的洞识给我们这个时代划了一道基线,也是我们今天讨论20世纪医学史的一条基线。他认为:在描述现代文化的诸多特征的术语中,“技术时代”一词最深刻地揭示了现代文化的本质。现代最重要的事件是现代技术的兴起和发展,以及与之伴随的工业化……技术不只是人类创造的某种适用的工具,更是某种向着人类降临的东西,是人类无…     

技术时代的价值论与伦理学基础问题

１我们的时代是一个由技术起基本作用的时代。技术和科学与工业一起，创造出我们的直接生存环境，塑造了我们时代的面貌、人们的生产方式、交往方式和日常生活方式，改变了人们的思维方式和价值观念。技术在带给人类社会以巨大的进步特别是丰裕的物质财富的同时，也造成了...     

儿童初级古筝教学探讨

教育作为一种社会现象,是随着人类社会的出现而产生,又随着人类社会的发展而发展的。在教育的众多学科中,音乐教育被认为是实施美育的主要途径之一。我国古代思想家、教育家孔子的“兴于诗,立于礼,成于乐”、“移风易俗”的音乐教     

Seeing and hearing and space and space and time

A previous experiment had shown spatial location to be judged in terms of the framework provided by the modality in which stimuli were presented. In the present study, digits were either auditorally or visually presented, and in either form the three digits appeared successivly to the left, in the center, and to the right of the S. The digit which occurred temporally in the middle of the sequence was never central from the spatial viewpoint. The S was asked to indicate which digit was the middle one. Ss were blind, deaf, or normal. The deaf and two control groups saw visual displays, and the blind and their controls heard auditory displays. The former groups predominantly chose the spatially middle digit and the latter groups the temporally middle. It was concluded that modality of presentation was the trigger which switched in the coding dimension of time or space.     

Bob and Carol and Tess and Ali

Conflicting religious experiences in different traditions do not necessarily defeat the rationality of conflicting beliefs sustained by those experiences in those traditions. The circularity that protects religious beliefs from such mutual defeat is not vicious. Moreover, the lack of ‘epistemological humility’ exhibited by such believers poses no threat to world peace. In fact, a campaign for compulsory humility would itself constitute a much greater threat.     

Law and Gospel,and Youth and Family Ministry

Abstract : If “faith comes through hearing” the word of God comprised in law and gospel, how do the imperatives that characterize ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ make such hearing possible? Here, literature delineating ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ is analyzed in light of its biblical foundations. The primary lens implemented in this analysis is the law/gospel hermeneutic advocated by Martin Luther and other reformers.     

Extremes of self-esteem and narcissism and the experience and expression of anger and aggression

This study examined the level of self-esteem and narcissism as personality variables involved in the disposition to experience and express anger. Three hundred thirty-eight subjects were sampled across two higher education centres and one student teaching programme in the United Kingdom. It was reasoned that individuals with both high self-esteem and narcissism would report especially high tendencies to experience and express anger and aggression and that those with high self-esteem and low narcissism would report the lowest. These predictions were influenced by theories that emphasise the role of threats to high self-esteem in the production of aggression and violence. Results indicate that groups defined by their extreme scores on self-esteem and narcissism scales produced levels of anger expression in the predicted direction. The importance of considering extreme levels of self-esteem and narcissism (in conjunction with other factors) in an analysis of anger is discussed with reference to currently influential theories in the field. Aggr. Behav. 24:421–438, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Dance and psychotherapy--possibilities and limits

From a starting point of therapeutic and prophylactic components identifiable in the dance, the authors regard the dance as deserving of greater attention than was hitherto the case in programs of physiotherapy, psychotherapy, and sociotherapy. From the existing essays at a therapy basing on body and motion, they infer basic common points, and to promote discussion, they state their attitudes in respect of the potential and rank of the dance in the concept of complex multimodal psychotherapy.     

Yin and Yang,and the Hot and the Cold

Yin and Yang are important concepts in ancient Chinese philosophy.Western scholars have become more familiar with these two concepts recently,but for a long time almost no one considered comparing them with their own tradition such as the ancient Greek philosophy,and especially with the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Presocratic philosophy.In this paper,I make an attempt to do exactly that,and especially make a detailed comparison between the thoughts of two ancient thinkers:Laozi and Anaximander.I discuss the thought of Yin and Yang in Laozi-who was the earliest philosopher making use of the concepts Yin and Yang-to express his cosmological thought in ancient Chinese philosophy.Comparatively,I discuss the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Anaximander,the earlier among Presocratic philosophers referring to the Hot and the Cold as fundamental concepts used to establish his cosmological system.Through this comparison,I indicate that the similarity between ancient Chinese and Western traditions is far more significant than what people are used to imagining.     

Perversion and infancy and adolescence

Abstract

Studying the works of Freud and Lacan, the authors carried out research on perversion in childhood. Their work covered the perverse polymorphism of infantile sexuality and the perception of the anatomic difference between the sexes that leads the child to create sexual theories and fantasies. The phallic mother and the fetish are viewed as imaginary solutions directly related to the Oedipus and castration complexes. In perversion, a particular position is taken in relation to the Oedipus complex: a serious flaw occurs in the symbolization of the law, and the mechanisms of denial and disavowal take form. Sexuality requires a second “logical time,” separated from infancy by the latency period, in order to confirm (in action) that a fixed position of jouissance (enjoyment) has actually been established. This can only happen in a period after adolescent enhancement. The distinction between perverse traces and a perverse structure is made, taking into account the fact that, in the case of child analysis, the analyst should free the child from the family fantasy and help him/her to build his/her own fantasy.

Campos Santoro V. et al. Perversion und Kindheit und Adoleszenz.

Im Studium der Arbeiten von Freud und Lacan haben die Autoren Forschung über Perversion in der Kindheit gemacht. Die Studien behandeln den perversen Polymorphismus der infantilen Sexualität und die Wahrnehmung des anatomischen Unterschiedes zwischen den Geschlechtern, welche das Kind dazu führt, Sexual-Theorien und Phatasien zu schaffen.

Die phallische Mutter und der Fetisch werden als imaginäre Lösungen angesehen, die sich direkt auf den Ödipus- und Kastrations-Komplex beziehen. Bei der Perversion wird eine besondere Position in Bezug auf den Ödipus angenommen; ein ernsthafter Mangel tritt bei der Symbolisierung des Rechts auf; die Mechanismen der Verneinung und der Verleugnung bilden sich. Sexualität erfordert eine zweite “logische Zeit”, von der Kindheit durch die Latenz Periode getrennt, um (in der Handlung) zu bestätigen, daß eine fixierte Position der jouissance (Vergnügung) sich tatsächlich etabliert hat. Das kann sich nur in einer Periode nach der adoleszenten Verstärkung ereignen.

Es wird die Unterscheidung zwischen perversen Spuren und einer perversen Struktur gemacht, in Rechnung stellend, daß im Fall der Kinder-Analyse der Analytiker das Kind von der Familien-Phantasie befreien sollte und ihm/ihr helfen sollte, seine/ihre Phantasie auszubilden.

Campos Santoro V. Perversión e infancia y adolescencia.

Estudiando los trabajos de Freud y Lacan, los autores han investigado la perversión en la niñez. Los estudios cubren la sexualidad infantil perversa polimorfa y la percepción de la diferencia anatómica entre los sexos, que llevan al niño a crear teorías sexuales y fantasías.

La madre fálica y el fetiche son vistos como soluciones imaginarias relacionadas directamente con el complejo de Edipo y de castración. La perversión, toma una posición particular en relación al Edipo; un fallo importante tiene lugar en la simbolización de la ley; los mecanismos de negación y repudio toman forma. La sexualidad requiere un segundo “tiempo lógico” separado de la infancia por el periodo de latencia, para confirmar (en acto) que una posición fija de jouissance (goce) se ha establecido. Esto solo puede ocurrir en un periodo posterior a la intensificación adolescente.

La distinción entre las huellas perversas y la estructura perversa se ha hecho, teniendo en cuenta que, en el caso del análisis de niños, el analista debe librar al niño de la fantasía familiar y ayudar a el/ella a construir su propia fantasía.     

神圣、凡俗与净明、忠孝

本文结合有关宗教学理论,对宋元净明道所推崇的"净明"、"忠孝"概念进行了解析.作者以为:宋元净明道视世俗性的道德实践为"神圣"的宗教修炼,实与宗教学中的凡俗可以"转换"为神圣之理论相合;而净明道徒的这种"转换",则多与其个体的"宗教体验"有关.至于元代净明道借"无极"概念来释"净明",以"净明"为回复宇宙根源之境界,则合于宗教人经验到与万物的根源、终极的本体或神圣的世界契合之感.换言之,宋元净明道的"净明"、"忠孝"说,实与各种宗教的本质有着相通之处.