共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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嗅知觉及其与情绪系统的交互 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在人类的各种感觉通道中, 嗅觉尤其和情绪有着千丝万缕的联系。两者在种系发生进程中存在一定的亲缘关系, 在解剖结构上也高度重叠。气味天然带有情绪效价, 不管是在意识上还是意识下层面, 非社会性和社会性嗅觉信息都能对情绪产生影响, 反之情绪也能对嗅知觉产生作用。已有的神经影像研究显示嗅觉和情绪系统加工均涉及杏仁核、海马、脑岛以及眶额皮层等区域。与此同时, 非社会性和社会性嗅觉信息的编码和它们对情绪系统的作用方式也不尽相同。 相似文献
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E. J. Green 《No?s (Detroit, Mich.)》2019,53(3):564-592
Many of the objects that we perceive have an important characteristic: When they move, they change shape. For instance, when you watch a person walk across a room, her body constantly deforms. I suggest that we exercise a type of perceptual constancy in response to changes of this sort, which I call structure constancy. In this paper I offer an account of structure constancy. I introduce the notion of compositional structure, and propose that structure constancy involves perceptually representing an object as retaining its compositional structure over time. I argue that compositional structure is represented in visual phenomenology, and I also assemble empirical evidence in support of the claim that compositional structure is recovered by the visual system. Finally, I draw out consequences of this account. I argue that structure constancy has implications for the predictive capacities of perception, and that the phenomenon places important constraints on viable accounts of both the format and reference frame of visual experience. 相似文献
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Olfactory imagery: A review 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Olfactions unique cognitive architecture, the apparently inconsistent evidence favoring imagery, and its difficulty of evocation
have led some to conclude that there is no capacity for olfactory imagery. Using three streams of evidence, we examine the
validity of this claim. First, self-reports of olfactory imagery can resemble those obtained for actual perception. Second,
imagining an odor can produce effects similar to actual perception. Third, olfactory perception and memory-based images can
interact. A model of olfactory imagery is then presented that utilizes the same systems employed in actual perception, with
similar constraints. This model is consistent with olfactions unique information-processing capacities and can account for
previous experimental inconsistencies on the basis of difficulty of evocation, a consequence of unstable access to semantic
information. In sum, the evidence presented here is favorable to the existence of an olfactory imagery capacity. 相似文献
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视域性是意识行为的一个本质特征。目前学界对感知意识之视域结构的研究主要集中于内视域和外视域。本文将依据新近出版的胡塞尔著作,结合新近有关"弱想象"的研究成果,力图呈现一幅关于感知视域的更全面的图景。本文第一部分将展示感知意识视域结构和功能的基础:滞留和前摄;第二部分分析由感知的本质构成要素"动感"所构成的身体权能的视域,胡塞尔在此区分的动感的两种基本功能对于接下来的阐述具有根本性的指导意义;第三部分分析视域意向性与身体权能性视域的共同作用,内视域和外视域即是由这种共同作用形成的一种视域的可能性;第四部分引入由"弱想象"构成的情景式想象的视域,最后将考察上述几种视域共同作用时的情形。 相似文献
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小学儿童个性结构研究 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
运用大五因素模式探讨儿童个性结构和特点最早是迪格曼(J.M.Digman,1986)研究小学儿童个性维度,结果证实学龄初期儿童人格特征主要由5到7个因素组成;其本意不是为了探讨儿童人格结构特点,而是为了进一步验证大五模型。然而,在他的研究之后,许多研究者开始了对儿童青少年人格五因素结构的探讨.并将儿童青少年人格五因素结构称为“小五结构”。但是,应用这种方法研究儿童青少年人格 相似文献
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This study examined the ability of children to classify fruit and flower odors. We asked four groups of children (4-11years of age) and a group of adults to identify, categorize, and evaluate the edibility, liking, and typicality of 12 fruit and flower odors. Results showed an increase in interindividual agreement with age for the taxonomic (fruit/flower) and function-based (edible/nonedible) categories but not for the hedonic component. So, it seems that this hedonic component is not the explicit basis for this increase in interindividual agreement when categorizing an odor as a fruit/flower odor or as being edible or nonedible. An age-related trend was also observed on the typicality scores: The youngest group of children did not show a typicality gradient, but all of the other groups did. Blackcurrant and lemon were rated as the most typical fruit odors, whereas raspberry and peach were rated as the least typical. For flower odorants, results were not as clear, yet it seems that for all groups lavender was considered as quite typical. 相似文献
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Rhythmic structure in speech is characterized by sequences of stressed and unstressed syllables. A large body of literature suggests that speakers of English attempt to achieve rhythmic harmony by evenly distributing stressed syllables throughout prosodic phrases. The question remains as to how speakers plan metrical structure during speech production and whether it is planned independently of phonemes. To examine this, we designed a tongue twister task consisting of disyllabic word pairs with overlapping phonological segments and either matching or non-matching metrical structure. Results showed that speakers had more difficulty producing metrically regular word pairs, compared to irregular pairs; that is, word pairs with irregular meter had faster productions and fewer speech errors in this production task. This finding of metrical regularity inhibiting production is inconsistent with an abstract metrical structure that is planned independently of phonemes at the point of phonological encoding. 相似文献
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Chernyak Yelena Chapleau Kristine M. Tanious Shariff F. Dattilo Natalie C. Diaz David R. Landsberger Sarah A. 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2021,28(2):344-348
Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings - Olfactory reference syndrome (ORS) is a lesser known disorder that is related to obsessive–compulsive disorder. ORS is the obsessional and... 相似文献
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For most multisensory events, observers perceive synchrony among the various senses (vision, audition, touch), despite the naturally occurring lags in arrival and processing times of the different information streams. A substantial amount of research has examined how the brain accomplishes this. In the present article, we review several key issues about intersensory timing, and we identify four mechanisms of how intersensory lags might be dealt with: by ignoring lags up to some point (a wide window of temporal integration), by compensating for predictable variability, by adjusting the point of perceived synchrony on the longer term, and by shifting one stream directly toward the other. 相似文献
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Mind perception involves attributing higher functional abilities to others (e.g., saying a dog feels pain). The relationships between mind perception and psychopathology—autism, psychopathy, and schizotypy—have been revealed by K. Gray, Jenkins, Heberlein, and Wegner (2011); however, mind perception has yet to be correlated with personality. Participants (N = 180) completed measures of personality, psychopathology, and mind perception. The psychopathology results were consistent with Gray et al. (2011). The Big Five captured mind perception virtually as much as the three psychopathologies captured mind perception. Mind perception is not solely relevant to psychopathology; it is also relevant to everyday personality. 相似文献
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Amar Dhall 《World Futures: Journal of General Evolution》2013,69(5):363-380
Dhall (2010) posited that quantum holism can provide an alternate justification for human rights. This article explores how such a foundation challenges aspects of international law and assertions of cultural relativism that have stymied the ongoing development of a universal human rights culture. 相似文献