儿童语言获得之认知发展机制研究新进展

儿童母语的习得是以已有的知识经验为基础的,即概念信息,由此儿童可以对经验过的对象、关系和事件做出区分并加以归类。这为以后儿童语言的获得奠定了基础。因此,儿童首先建立的是对事物的概念性表征,然后再以语言的形式表达之,即获得了语言性表征。但是,当儿童获得了语言表征之后,原先的概念表征还是继续发挥着它应有的作用。     

心理理论和语言发展的关系

大量的研究表明心理理论和语言之间存在着密切的关系,但具体关系如何,一直存在争议。文章介绍了心理理论和语言关系的新近研究,着重阐述了目前关于二者关系的两种观点： （1）心理理论和语言发展之间不仅是早期揭示的一般相关关系,而是可能存在着因果关系——或以语言为因,或以心理理论为因;（2）心理理论和语言都受第三种因素影响,如执行功能和生长环境,但这些因素是究竟如何影响心理理论和语言发展的,还需深入探讨。文章最后对该领域今后的研究提出了新的见解和思路,包括对不同语言能力间的比较研究,对二者关系的跨文化研究和毕生取向研究等     

青少年语文创造力的发展研究

采用自编的《青少年语文创造力测验》,研究了初一到大一750名青少年语文创造力的发展.结果表明:(1)青少年的语文创造力存在显著的年级差异,随着年级的升高,语文创造力呈波浪式持续发展的趋势;(2)青少年语文创造力存在显著的性别差异,初二到高二以及大一,女生的语文创造力显著的优于男生.     

The Impact of the Sexist-language Controversy and Regulation on Language in University Documents

The documents of a university were analyzed for the presence of sex-linked and sex-neutral language as a measure of the impact of regulation on language change. Documents from 1969-1972, the period just prior to the bulk of the sexist-language controversy, were compared with matching documents from 1978-1979; and documents covered by sexist-language regulations were compared with unregulated documents. It was found that the newer documents contained significantly fewer sex-linked language items and markedly more sex-neutral items than the older documents. Most of the changes involved linguistic structures which had received considerable public debate. The results also show that federal regulation, only where enforced, has had a strong impact on language use; but that the unenforced institutional resolution which was studied had no effect on language use. It was concluded that the sexist-language controversy has influenced the language in university documents and that enforcement of regulations is the major factor in the impact of regulation on language use.