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1.
Georges Bourgin 《Synthese》1949,8(1):222-224
Sans résuméRésumé de l'activité sociologique à tendance empirique en France  相似文献   

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Louis Rougier 《Erkenntnis》1976,8(1):193-217
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Sans résuméCet essai était déjà terminé pour l'essentiel lorsque la nouvelle de la disparition de Michel Foucault nous est parvenue. Que le lecteur veuille bien le considérer comme un modeste hommage à la mémoire du grand philosophe disparu praturément.  相似文献   

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Raymond Polin 《Synthese》1946,5(3-4):117-129
Sans résumé  相似文献   

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Rolin Wavre 《Synthese》1947,6(1-2):12-24
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Conclusions L'étude des faits, dont nous n'avons pu donner que quelques échantillons, ne laisse pas de doute sur la découverte tardive de la notion de hasard et la formation progressive du raisonnement probabiliste. On aurait pu s'attendre à trouver une intuition de la probabilité: la realité quotidienne offre le spectacle d'un mélange inextricable de faits et de séquences causales. Ce n'est qu'en théorie ou encore dans une certaine mesure en laboratoire que les faits et relations causales sont simplifiés et dissociés au point de nous permettre des déductions certaines. Dans la vie courante on est plus souvent réduit à deviner et à baser ses prévisions sur des fréquences empiriques que sur des lois et équations simples et rigoureuses. Et pourtant l'expérimentation psychologique prouve que l'attitude probabiliste, quoique suggérée et entretenue par les faits, n'est pas primitive; bien au contraire, elle ne se construit qu'à partir d'un certain niveau de raisonnement et en interdépendance étroite avec celui-ci. La notion de hasard est étrangère à toute mentalité primitive, aussi bien celle du jeune enfant que celle dite du primitif et de l'obsédé en état de régression pathologique, qui chargent volontiers les événements fortuits de significations subjectives et miraculeuses. La notion de hasard et le raisonnement probabiliste en général ne sont accessibles qu'à une mentalité objective et rationnelle, capable de discerner, grâce à des mécanismes opératoires, le domaine du déductible de celui du fortuit et à structurer ce dernier par la méthode combinatoire en un système de probabilités, dont la méthode génétique permet d'analyser le processus et l'évolution.  相似文献   

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Based on a longitudinal sample of 1381, this study develops and tests a moderated mediation model of electronic mentoring (e-mentoring). Results show evidence that frequency of interaction between protégés and mentors mediates the relationships between program antecedents (the protégé’s previous internet experience and initial motivation to participate) and program outcomes of general self-efficacy and task-efficacy. In addition, the protégé’s general self-efficacy prior to starting the program was found to moderate the relationships between protégé and mentor interaction frequency and program outcomes of task and general self-efficacy. Unexpectedly, having mentors in the past was not significantly related to program outcomes. Practical implications and future areas of research are identified and discussed.  相似文献   

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Mentors and protégés from two formal mentoring programs were interviewed about the benefits associated with program participation, problems encountered in the program, and recommendations for program improvements. The most commonly reported benefits for protégés included learning, coaching, career planning, and psychosocial support. Mentors most frequently reported learning, developing a personal relationship, personal gratification, and enhanced managerial skills. Both groups identified a range of problems including mentor-protégé mismatches, scheduling difficulties, and geographic distance. Unique problems were also identified, including mentor neglect (by protégés), unmet expectations (by protégés), structural separation from the mentor (by protégés), and feelings of personal inadequacy (by mentors). Finally, suggestions for program improvement were identified such as clearer communication of program objectives, better matching, targeted participation in the program, and better program monitoring. Findings are discussed in terms of what we currently know about informal mentoring and implications for mentoring theory. Suggestions for mentoring practice are also discussed.  相似文献   

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Many studies over the last 20-25 years have examined the benefits of mentoring for the protégé and the organization. A review of these studies being published revealed that there is not only a lack of studies utilizing or reporting comparison group information but also a general lack of experimental research about mentoring. This quantitative meta-analytic review provides a critical analysis of the effectiveness of mentoring, with an emphasis on research designs that compared career outcomes of mentored individuals to non-mentored individuals. The overall mean effect size of mentoring was significant, indicating that mentoring does improve career outcomes for individuals. Individual career outcomes were analyzed and reported. Informal mentoring produced a larger and more significant effect on career outcomes than formal mentoring. There is a need for more research comparing protégés and non-protégés to determine if it is the receipt of mentoring or individual characteristics that leads to career success.  相似文献   

19.
E. J. Farkas 《Studia Logica》1988,47(3):203-212
The purpose of this paper is to show that there exist star-finite tree-structured sets in which the computations of parallel programs can be faithfully embedded, and that the theory of star-finite sets and relations therefore provides a new tool for the analysis of non-deterministic computations.This research was carried out while the author held a Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. The author also gratefully acknowledges the support of the Centre inter-universitaire en études catégoriques de Montréal.  相似文献   

20.
Philippe Mongin 《Erkenntnis》1990,33(3):391-396
This note aims at critically assessing a little-noticed proposal made by Popper in the second edition ofObjective Knowledge to the effect that verisimilitude of scientific theories should be made relative to the problems they deal with. Using a simple propositional calculus formalism, it is shown that the relativized definition fails for the very same reason why Popper's original concept of verisimilitude collapsed-only if one of two theories is true can they be compared in terms of the suggested definition of versimilitude.This note was written when the author was visiting the Groupe de Recherche en Épistémologie Comparative (Université du Québec à Montréal).  相似文献   

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