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1.
An historical commentary on the physiological effects of music: Tomatis, Mozart and neuropsychology.
This article provides an overview of the theoretical underpinnings of the Tomatis Method, along with a commentary on other forms of sound/music training and the need for research. A public debate was sparked over the "Mozart Effect." This debate has turned out to be unfortunate because the real story is being missed. The real story starts with Alfred Tomatis, M.D., scientist and innovator. Dr. Tomatis was the first to develop a technique using modified music to stimulate the rich interconnections between the ear and the nervous system to integrate aspects of human development and behavior. The originating theories behind the Tomatis Method are reviewed to describe the ear's clear connection to the brain and the nervous system. The "neuropsychology of sound training" describes how and what the Tomatis Method effects. Since Dr. Tomatis opened this field in the mid 20th century, no fewer than a dozen offshoot and related systems of training have been developed. Though each new system of treatment makes claims of effectiveness, no research exists to substantiate their claims. Rather, each simplified system bases its "right to exist and advertise" on the claimed relationship to Tomatis and his complex Method. Research is desperately needed in this area. The 50 years of clinical experience and anecdotal evidence amassed by Tomatis show that sound stimulation can provide a valuable remediation and developmental training tool for people of all ages. Offshoot systems have watered down the Tomatis Method without research to guide the decisions of simplifying the techniques and equipment. 相似文献
2.
Leonardo V. Distaso 《Topoi》2009,28(2):137-142
The essay shows the common ground between music and philosophy from the origin of Western philosophy to the crisis of metaphysical
thinking, in particular with Nietzsche and Benjamin. At the beginning, the relationship between philosophy and music is marked
by the hegemony of the word on the sound. This is the nature of the Platonic idea of music. With Nietzsche and Benjamin this
hegemony is denied and a new vision of the relationship becomes possible. The sound is the origin both of language and of
music. In thinking about this origin, philosophy shows that “thinking about music” is “thinking in music”, and that this thinking
is the origin of philosophy itself. 相似文献
3.
Joel W. Krueger 《Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences》2011,10(1):1-22
This paper is an exploration of how we do things with music—that is, the way that we use music as an “esthetic technology”
to enact micro-practices of emotion regulation, communicative expression, identity construction, and interpersonal coordination
that drive core aspects of our emotional and social existence. The main thesis is: from birth, music is directly perceived
as an affordance-laden structure. Music, I argue, affords a sonic world, an exploratory space or “nested acoustic environment”
that further affords possibilities for, among other things, (1) emotion regulation and (2) social coordination. When we do
things with music, we are engaged in the work of creating and cultivating the self, as well as creating and cultivating a
shared world that we inhabit with others. I develop this thesis by first introducing the notion of a “musical affordance”.
Next, I look at how “emotional affordances” in music are exploited to construct and regulate emotions. I summon empirical
research on neonate music therapy to argue that this is something we emerge from the womb knowing how to do. I then look at
“social affordances” in music, arguing that joint attention to social affordances in music alters how music is both perceived
and appropriated by joint attenders within social listening contexts. In support, I describe the experience of listening to
and engaging with music in a live concert setting. Thinking of music as an affordance-laden structure thus reaffirms the crucial
role that music plays in constructing and regulating emotional and social experiences in everyday life. 相似文献
4.
Dr. Andrew N. Rowan 《Science and engineering ethics》1995,1(2):181-184
Conclusion The past one hundred fifty years of debate over the use of animals in research and testing has been characterized mainly byad hominem attacks and on uncritical rejection of the other sides’ arguments. In the classroom, it is important to avoid repeating exercises
in public relations and to demand sound scholarship.
This paper is a modification of material originally included in the handbook which accompanied the American Association for
the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Seminar “Teaching Ethics in Science and Engineering”, 10–11 February 1993. 相似文献
5.
John Sutton Celia B. Harris Paul G. Keil Amanda J. Barnier 《Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences》2010,9(4):521-560
This paper introduces a new, expanded range of relevant cognitive psychological research on collaborative recall and social
memory to the philosophical debate on extended and distributed cognition. We start by examining the case for extended cognition
based on the complementarity of inner and outer resources, by which neural, bodily, social, and environmental resources with
disparate but complementary properties are integrated into hybrid cognitive systems, transforming or augmenting the nature
of remembering or decision-making. Adams and Aizawa, noting this distinctive complementarity argument, say that they agree
with it completely: but they describe it as “a non-revolutionary approach” which leaves “the cognitive psychology of memory
as the study of processes that take place, essentially without exception, within nervous systems.” In response, we carve out,
on distinct conceptual and empirical grounds, a rich middle ground between internalist forms of cognitivism and radical anti-cognitivism.
Drawing both on extended cognition literature and on Sterelny’s account of the “scaffolded mind” (this issue), we develop
a multidimensional framework for understanding varying relations between agents and external resources, both technological
and social. On this basis we argue that, independent of any more “revolutionary” metaphysical claims about the partial constitution
of cognitive processes by external resources, a thesis of scaffolded or distributed cognition can substantially influence
or transform explanatory practice in cognitive science. Critics also cite various empirical results as evidence against the
idea that remembering can extend beyond skull and skin. We respond with a more principled, representative survey of the scientific
psychology of memory, focussing in particular on robust recent empirical traditions for the study of collaborative recall
and transactive social memory. We describe our own empirical research on socially distributed remembering, aimed at identifying
conditions for mnemonic emergence in collaborative groups. Philosophical debates about extended, embedded, and distributed
cognition can thus make richer, mutually beneficial contact with independently motivated research programs in the cognitive
psychology of memory. 相似文献
6.
Jinglin Li 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2007,2(2):151-171
Edification 教化 is one of the central concepts of Confucianism. The metaphysical basis of the Confucian edification is the
“philosophical theory” in the sense of rational humanism rather than the “religious doctrine” in the sense of pure faith.
Confucianism did not create a system of ceremony and propriety owned by Confucians only. The system of ceremony and propriety
on which Confucians depend to carry out their social edification is that of “rites and music,” the common life style of ancient
China. After continual metaphysical explanation and elevation, the system of ceremony and propriety and that of rites and
music have undergone a sort of ever-evolving historical fluctuation, and evinced a sort of openness and forgiveness comparable
to that of any other religious form. Compared with typical religious practices, whose ceremonies and rituals that have their
own special fixity and exclusivity, Confucian ceremonies and rituals are fundamentally different. The edification of Confucianism
can be labeled as “edification in the sense of philosophy.” As a “philosophy”, Confucianism’s vision did not focus on cognition
but on completion and realization.
Translated by Lei Yongqiang from Tianjin Shehui Kexue 天津社会科学 (Tianjin Social Sciences), 2005, (6): 19–26 相似文献
7.
Ole Hanseth 《Knowledge, Technology, and Policy》2001,14(3):71-89
This article concerns the Nordunet project and its “plug.” It is a history about how the Internet “won” the “religious war”
about computer communication protocol standards in Scandinavia. It teaches us important lessons about how the Nordic countries
(except Denmark) became the leading ones in the adoption and use of the Internet. On a more general level this story also
teaches us an important lesson about the importance of gateways in the design and establishment of large scale computer networks
and information infrastructures. It is a universal truth that the development of such technologies requires standards. And
that gateways are equally important. The main conclusion drawn is that what matters in the development of such technologies
is to combine and balance the use of gateways and standards in a proper way.
Originally trained as a computer scientist his research focuses mainly on the interplay between social and technical issues
in the development and use of large-scale information systems and infrastructures—including their standards. He has worked
most of his professional career within applied research institutions and industry and before moving into academia in 1997. 相似文献
8.
Robert Rosen has proposed several characteristics to distinguish “simple” physical systems (or “mechanisms”) from “complex”
systems, such as living systems, which he calls “organisms”. The Memory Evolutive Systems (MES) introduced by the authors
in preceding papers are shown to provide a mathematical model, based on category theory, which satisfies his characteristics
of organisms, in particular the merger of the Aristotelian causes. Moreover they identify the condition for the emergence
of objects and systems of increasing complexity. As an application, the cognitive system of an animal is modeled by the “MES
of cat-neurons” obtained by successive complexifications of his neural system, in which the emergence of higher order cognitive
processes gives support to Mario Bunge’s “emergentist monism.”
Dedicated to the memory of Robert Rosen who kindly accepted to come to Amiens while he was very ill. 相似文献
9.
Niels Röling 《Knowledge, Technology, and Policy》1992,5(1):42-64
As agriculture develops, policy and management decisions increasingly focus on agricultural innovation emerging from utilizing
knowledge and/or technology. This paper considers models for underpinning knowledge and technology policy and management.
It describes the emergence of knowledge systems thinking. The system construct is applied to actors (individuals, networks
and institutions) involved in knowledge processes. These actors potentially form a highly articulated and complex whole. Knowledge
policy and management focus on measures that enhance the synergy between actors. Knowledge systems are viewed as “soft systems,”
i.e., they only become systems as a result of active construction and joint learning. The soft systems perspective facilitates
the identification of various knowledge system models, which have consequences for policy and management decisions with respect
to investment, design, and training. In an attempt to create a unifying theory for these models, it is posited that these
models are consistent combinations of innovation, knowledge process and structural configuration.
Currently, he is the director of an international program on “Comparative research in knowledge systems in support of sustainable
agriculture.” 相似文献
10.
We explored the functional organization of semantic memory for music by comparing priming across familiar songs both within
modalities (Experiment 1, tune to tune; Experiment 3, category label to lyrics) and across modalities (Experiment 2, category label to tune; Experiment 4, tune to lyrics). Participants judged whether or not the target tune or lyrics were real (akin to lexical decision tasks).
We found significant priming, analogous to linguistic associative-priming effects, in reaction times for related primes as
compared to unrelated primes, but primarily for within-modality comparisons. Reaction times to tunes (e.g., “Silent Night”)
were faster following related tunes (“Deck the Hall”) than following unrelated tunes (“God Bless America”). However, a category
label (e.g., Christmas) did not prime tunes from within that category. Lyrics were primed by a related category label, but not by a related tune.
These results support the conceptual organization of music in semantic memory, but with potentially weaker associations across
modalities. 相似文献
11.
Editor's Note: The history of RET will show that in the early 1990s, Albert Ellis modified the name of his therapy to rational emotive
behavior therapy (REBT). Ellis gives much of the credit and responsibility for the name change to Ray Corsini—the highly-regarded
anthologist of modern-day systems of counseling and psychotherapy. Dr. Corsini was kind enough to contribute his own view
as to why the name change was warranted. The lively debate concerning the inclusion of the word “behavior” in rational-emotive
therapy will be taken up in the next issue ofJRECBT with reactions of Gerald Davison, Cyril Franks, Arnold Lazarus and Albert Ellis. 相似文献
12.
Carol L. Schnabl Schweitzer 《Pastoral Psychology》2011,60(3):311-321
This article examines the power of music to help transform suffering. It draws on insights from the work of music theorist
David Schwarz (1997) that bridges psychoanalysis, music, and culture; and from Daniel Levitin’s (2008) work on music and human nature, especially as it pertains to religion, ritual and songs. Schwarz describes listening to
music as a process of retrospective fantasy and as a type of transference experience. If how we listen to music is shaped
by traces of past experiences, then music as a resource in pastoral care has the potential to assist ministers in the process
of guiding their parishioners to re-trace painful experiences in ways that “re-sound” with thoughts and feelings which have
become an impediment to healing. A “case study” in which the author was a “player” (or more accurately performer) is briefly
examined, and the role of music in the lives of Steve Lopez and Nathaniel Ayers (Lopez 2008) is explored to demonstrate how music—specifically religious music or song associated with religious ritual—is an overlooked
resource for pastoral care. The article concludes with an illustration of how individuals’ personal associations with a hymn
may have implications for pastoral care. 相似文献
13.
Bo Chen 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2006,1(4):539-560
The debate on the yan-yi relation was carried out by Chinese philosophers collectively, and the principles and methods in the debate still belong
to a living tradition of Chinese philosophy. From Yijing (Book of Changes), Lunyu (Analects), Laozi and Zhuangzi to Wang Bi, “yi” which cannot be expressed fully by yan (language), is not only “idea” or “meaning” in the human mind, but is also some kind of ontological existence, which is beyond
yan and emblematic symbols, and unspeakable. Thus, the debate on the yan-yi relation refers firstly to metaphysics, secondly to moral philosophy, and then to epistemology and philosophy of language.
Guided by this view, this paper recalls the source of the debate on the yan-yi relation to Yijing and Lunyu, distinguishes four meanings of “yi” in Chinese philosophy, and reconstructs three arguments. These arguments are the “yan cannot express yi fully” argument, “forget yan once you get yi” argument, and “yan can express yi fully” argument. Finally, this paper exposes and comments on those principles, methods and the general tendency shown in
the debate from the following five aspects: starting point, value-preference, methodology, texts (papers and books), and influences.
__________
Translated from Jianghai Xuekan 江海学刊 (Jianghai Academic Studies), 2005 (3) 相似文献
14.
Irene Daum M.S.C. J. P. Leonard Ph.D. F. J. Hehl Ph.D. 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1988,23(3):118-124
This study was designed to examine whether the sleep-promoting effect of monotonous stimulation depends on individual differences
in strength of the nervous system, as was suggested by Pavlov. Sixty male subjects were divided into three groups, depending
on their score on the “strength of excitation” scale of the Strelau Temperament Inventory. Within each group, subjects were
randomly assigned to be exposed to either a) a sequence of tones or b) “no tones” (i.e., a quiet room). Dependent variables were latencies to Sleep Stage 1 (SOL 1) and Sleep Stage 2 (SOL 2). The main effects of
stimulation and strength of the nervous system were not statistically significant. However, there was a significant interaction
between stimulation and strength for both dependent variables. “Weak” subjects tended to fall asleep more rapidly during monotonous
stimulation, whereas the reverse was true of “strong” subjects. The results suggest that individual differences might play
an important role in the development of sleep during monotonous stimulation. 相似文献
15.
Peter Pericles Trifonas 《Studies in Philosophy and Education》2007,26(3):267-277
In The Name of the Rose, Umberto Eco essentially presents an educative vision of some basic semiotic principles that infuse the textual form of a
popular fictional genre—the detective story. In effect, it characterizes the postmodernization of the traditional “whodunnit”
moving the genre from the realm of “the real” or the plausible into the realm of “the metaphysical” or the unthinkable. The Name of the Rose is a practical application in semiotics. Or, how the aesthetics of textual production as generated through the lexical signs
and codes manifest the discursive text of a novel work. The semiotic twists and turns of the detective story facilitate this
educational function and the purposeful transformation of the reader into an individual capable of appreciating and grasping
the conflicting ideological viewpoints expressed through its dialogical structure. The detective genre enables the Umberto
Eco to produce an educational narrative via the intricacies of plot in the detective story while teaching main aspects of
semiotic theory. 相似文献
16.
17.
Allan Hugh ColeJr. 《Pastoral Psychology》2010,59(6):711-723
This essay argues for including two principal foci in both research and practice within pastoral theology. These foci include
the care of souls (soul care) and care offered against the backdrop of “the Christian story.” The distinctiveness of pastoral
care, as compared with other types of care, is also discussed. 相似文献
18.
Gerhard Dotevall M.D. 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1994,29(4):374-382
In the stress concept, fight and flight situations as well as other CNS-controlled reaction patterns for alertness to danger
have to be followed by or integrated with a restorative “build-up” process in order to maintain homeostasis. The “build-up”
process can be studied physiologically for example after regular exercise or training. Under these conditions there is a decrease
in resting sympathetic adrenergic activity and an increase in the parasympathetic vagal activity.
A theoretical model for the “build-up” process in psychosomatic gastroenterology has previously been presented. The present
paper deals with the “build-up” process in cardiovascular and respiratory tract diseases seen in athletes. Anorexia nervosa
related to excess physical training is also discussed as well as the “build-up” process in severe obesity and psychosomatic
gastroenterological disorders. 相似文献
19.
Etienne Balibar 《Topoi》2006,25(1-2):3-16
As a contribution to the debate on the future of philosophy as an autonomous discipline beyond its current function within
Western-type universities, a comparison is offered between three diverging strategies of “speaking the universal” which keep
their relevance today; the “Double Truth” strategy for secular tolerance, illustrated by Spinoza and Wittgenstein; the construction
of the universal as “hegemony,” analyzed by Hegel and Marx in terms of collective consciousnesses or ideologies; and the program
of generalized translation as it emerges from the critique of traditional “paradoxes of the untranslatable” in the works of
contemporary socio-linguists and pragmatic philosophers. The conclusion remains an open questioning on the equivocity of the
universal. 相似文献
20.
Deirdre M. Kelly 《Studies in Philosophy and Education》2011,30(2):185-198
This paper argues for seeing in-depth news coverage of political, social, and economic issues as “public policy pedagogy.”
To develop my argument, I draw on Nancy Fraser’s democratic theory, which attends to social differences and does not assume
that unity is a starting point or an end goal of public dialogue. Alongside the formation of “subaltern counterpublics” (Fraser),
alternative media outlets sometimes develop. There, members of alternative publics debate their interests and strategize about
how to be heard in wider, mass-mediated public arenas. I address the normative implications of this non-unitary, multiple-publics
model for news journalism, analyzing how current conventions in mainstream news journalism (e.g., “balance” defined as “airing
two extremes”) can restrict public debate and impoverish the public policy pedagogy on offer. I illustrate my arguments with
a case study of media coverage of the creation and implementation of a social justice curriculum in British Columbia, Canada. 相似文献