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1.
In the present study, 123 college students were surveyed in order to assess their self-concepts, evaluations of parents, and perceptions of their parents' parenting styles. Notably, the students' self-concepts were found to vary directly with perceived level of parental warmth, but did not vary as a function of their parents' level of restrictiveness. Fathers and mothers were found to be rated more highly if they were perceived as being warm and permissive rather than hostile and restrictive. Finally, opposite-sex parents' level of warmth also correlated with how each parent was evaluated. Some explanations for these findings are offered. 相似文献
2.
The discrepancy between college students’ performance and parents’ expectations may be related to college students’ affective
distress. Further, the role that parent–college student communication reciprocity may play in the context of these discrepancies
has not been examined. As a result, this study examined parent–college student expectation discrepancies and communication
reciprocity as predictors of college students’ affective distress (i.e., anger, depression, and anxiety). Results of this
study suggest that college student–parent expectation discrepancies, communication reciprocity, and college students’ affective
distress (i.e., anger, depression, and anxiety) are interrelated significantly. Further, results from the hierarchical regressions
conducted for this study suggest that college students’ perception of their communication reciprocity with their parents may
be a more important predictor of college students’ depression and anxiety in the context of the expectation discrepancies
examined in this study. These findings underscore the importance of teaching communication skills to college students and
their parents as a means of diminishing the deleterious effects of perceiving one another inaccurately. 相似文献
3.
According to attachment theory, individuals should experience changes in attachment orientations (styles) if they encounter experiences or events that strongly reinforce or directly contradict the major concerns of their existing orientations. Systematic changes should be most evident across stressful life transitions. Wives and husbands expecting their first child completed scales measuring their attachment orientations along with perceptions of themselves, their spouses, and their marriage both 6 weeks before and 6 months after childbirth. As predicted, women became more ambivalent across the transition if they entered parenthood perceiving less spousal support and more spousal anger, with perceptions of anger having stronger impact. Women who entered parenthood seeking less spousal support and those whose husbands were higher in avoidance became more avoidant across the transition. Men who perceived themselves as providing more prenatal support to their wives became less avoidant. These results extend attachment theory and research in novel directions. 相似文献
4.
通过整群抽样方法抽取了576名大学生,对其施测父母养育方式量表、亲密关系体验量表和心理困扰量表,运用结构方程模型技术,分别考察了父母养育方式的蒙汉族差异以及成人依恋模式在父母养育方式和心理困扰间的中介作用。结果表明:(1) 蒙古族父母对孩子的关爱程度和给孩子的自主性要显著高于汉族;(2) 汉族的成人依恋模式在父母过度保护与抑郁-焦虑-压力之间起着部分中介作用,而蒙古族成人依恋的中介作用不明显,但母亲的冷漠拒绝和过度保护会导致个体依恋回避和依恋焦虑,父亲的冷漠拒绝和过度保护会影响个体的抑郁和焦虑,母亲的过度保护和父亲的冷漠拒绝会影响个体的压力。 相似文献
5.
Jennifer Theule Judith Wiener Maria A. Rogers Imola Marton 《Journal of child and family studies》2011,20(5):640-647
We examined parental ADHD symptoms and contextual (parental education, social support, marital status) predictors of parent
domain parenting stress (parental distress) as a function of child ADHD symptoms in a sample of 95 parents of 8 to 12 year-old
children with and without ADHD. Parents’ perceptions of parental distress and social support were inversely-related. Parental
ADHD symptomatology was the strongest predictor of parental distress of the variables considered. Models using teacher reports
of child ADHD symptomatology and oppositionality differed from ones using parent reports, in that child oppositionality was
only predictive of parental distress in the parent-report model. A post-hoc analysis showed that child factors did not predict
parental distress over and above parent ADHD symptoms and contextual factors. These results suggest that parental ADHD symptomatology
and parenting stress reduction should be considered in development of interventions for families of children with ADHD. 相似文献
6.
Forty clinic-referred mothers completed questionnaires describing their children’s problems, the mothers’ parenting styles,
and their everyday mindfulness. Psychometric analyses of the questionnaires showed mother reports to be internally consistent,
except for one of the parenting style scales (i.e., permissive style). We dropped the scale and analyzed intercorrelations
between the remaining two scales, the mindfulness measure and the child problem measure. Results showed the authoritative
and authoritarian scales were not correlated, and each scale covaried with measures of mindfulness and child problems. Regression
analyses revealed two pathways between mothers’ mindfulness and child problems. Both pathways showed parenting styles to mediate
the connections between mothers’ mindfulness and their perceptions of child problems. We speculated on the nature of the mediating
process. 相似文献
7.
We investigated the associations among marital relationship quality, mothers’ parenting styles, and young children’s sibling
relationship quality drawing on the principles of family systems theory. Survey data were collected from 130 mothers who had
a target child (mean age = 4.6 years) with a sibling close in age. The sample consisted of participants who self-identified
as Mexican-American (49%), European-American (20%), and Taiwanese in Taiwan (24%). Structural equation modeling was used to
test the direct and indirect effects of marital relationships on children’s sibling relationship quality through parenting
styles and the reciprocal association between sibling relationship quality and parenting styles. The findings revealed evidence
of a direct effect of marital relationships on sibling relationship quality and bidirectional relations between sibling relationships
and parenting styles. The importance of research on bidirectional associations between sibling relations and parenting styles
is discussed. 相似文献
8.
Saša Poljak Lukek 《Journal of aggression, maltreatment & trauma》2013,22(3):299-318
The purpose of this research is to study the intergenerational correlations of punitive disciplining of children. In an international sample, 112 individuals evaluated their experience of disciplinary methods from their childhood, as well as current perception of disciplinary methods and their own context of parenting. The results showed that the experience of corporal punishment or psychological aggression in childhood correlates with acceptability of inflicting corporal punishment or psychological aggression as a parent. There was an interaction between the experience of punitive discipline and experiencing confidence in carrying out parenting tasks and experiencing present-day stress. Context of parenting (e.g., confidence in carrying out parenting tasks) and perceptions of punitive disciplining might help us understand intergenerational transfer of parenting styles. 相似文献
9.
Many studies point to the importance of social information processing mechanisms in understanding distinct child behaviors
such as aggression. However, few studies have assessed whether parenting might be related to such mechanisms. This study considers
how aversive forms of parenting (i.e., corporal punishment, psychological control) as well as parental warmth and responsiveness
might be concurrently associated with children’s hostile intent attributions and emotional distress in response to ambiguous
provocation scenarios (both instrumental and relational). A sample of 219 children (101 boys, 118 girls) and their parents
participated. Bivariate associations showed that parenting dimensions and child variables were significantly associated in
mostly expected ways, but only in father–child relationships (especially father–son relationships). Analyses generally showed
dimensions of aversive parenting by fathers to be associated with a greater tendency toward hostile attributional bias in
children. Moreover, paternal warmth and responsiveness, as well as corporal punishment, were associated with less emotional
distress in boys. In contrast, paternal psychological control predicted greater emotional distress in boys. The findings suggest
that the tone of the father–son relationship, in particular, may help set the tone for how boys interpret their social world.
Psychological control figures prominently in this regard. 相似文献
10.
We examined the relationships between parent–adolescent discrepancies in perceived parenting characteristics (indexed by parental responsiveness, parental demandingness, and parental control) and adolescent developmental outcomes (indexed by achievement motivation and psychological competence) in poor families in Hong Kong. A sample of 275 intact families having at least one child aged 11–16 experiencing economic disadvantage were invited to participate in the study. Fathers and mothers completed the Parenting Style Scale and Chinese Parental Control Scale, and adolescents completed the Social-Oriented Achievement Motivation Scale and Chinese Positive Youth Development Scale in addition to paternal and maternal Parenting Style Scale and Chinese Parental Control Scale. Results indicated that parents and adolescents had different perceptions of parental responsiveness, parental demandingness, and paternal control, with adolescents generally perceived lower levels of parenting behaviors than did their parents. While father–adolescent discrepancy in perceived paternal responsiveness and mother–adolescent discrepancy in perceived maternal control negatively predicted adolescent achievement motivation, mother–adolescent discrepancy in perceptions of maternal responsiveness negatively predicted psychological competence in adolescents experiencing economic disadvantage. The present findings provided support that parent–child discrepancies in perceived parenting characteristics have negative impacts on the developmental outcomes of adolescents experiencing economic disadvantage. The present study addresses parent–child discrepancies in perceived parental behaviors as “legitimate” constructs, and explores their links with adolescent psychosocial development, which sheds light for researchers and clinical practitioners in helping the Chinese families experiencing economic disadvantage. 相似文献
11.
Parental Perceived Control and Social Support: Linkages to Change in Parenting Behaviors During Early Adolescence
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Melissa A. Lippold Terese Glatz Gregory M. Fosco Mark E. Feinberg 《Family process》2018,57(2):432-447
Prior studies have found that parents’ perceptions of control over their lives and their social support may both be important for parenting behaviors. Yet, few studies have examined their unique and interacting influence on parenting behaviors during early adolescence. This longitudinal study of rural parents in two‐parent families (N = 636) investigated (a) whether perceived control and social support when their youth were in sixth grade were independently or interactively associated with changes in parenting behaviors (discipline, standard setting) and parent–child warmth and hostility 6 months later and (b) if these linkages differed by parent gender. We also investigated the interactive links between perceived control, social support, and parenting. Specifically, we tested if parents’ perceived control moderated the linkages between social support and parenting and if these linkages differed by parent gender. Greater perceived control predicted more increases in parents’ consistent discipline and standard setting, whereas greater social support predicted increases in parent–child warmth and decreases in parent–child hostility. Parental perceived control moderated the effect of social support on parental warmth: For mothers only, social support was significantly linked to parent–child warmth only when mothers had low (but not high) perceived self‐control. The discussion focuses on reasons why perceived control and social support may have associations with different aspects of parenting and why these might differ for mothers and fathers. 相似文献
12.
Graziano PA McNamara JP Geffken GR Reid A 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2011,39(7):1073-1083
The goal of the current study was to determine the extent to which the perceived self-regulation deficits across behavioral,
cognitive, and emotional domains seen in children with ADHD explain the association between the severity of ADHD symptoms
and parenting stress. Participants for this study included 80 children (mean age = 10 years, 9 months) with a DSM-IV diagnosis
of ADHD confirmed by a comprehensive clinical diagnostic assessment. Parents reported their own stress levels as well as the
severity of their children’s ADHD symptoms, aggression, emotional lability, and executive functioning difficulties. Results
indicated that the severity of children’s hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms but not their inattention related to parenting
stress. Multiple mediational analyses indicated that the association between hyperactivity/impulsivity and parenting stress
was explained by children’s perceived comorbid aggression levels, emotional lability, and executive functioning difficulties.
No significant differences in the strength of the mediators were found. The current study provides initial data showing that
the perceived impairments in children’s self-regulation across emotional, cognitive, and behavioral domains are what parents
report as stressful, not simply the severity of ADHD symptoms. Due to the cross-sectional nature of this study and shared
variance from relying solely on parent report, it will be critical for future research to replicate our findings using longitudinal
and multi-informant data such as teacher reports and standardized assessments. 相似文献
13.
Daniel T. L. Shek 《The American journal of family therapy》2013,41(3):215-230
Adolescents with economic disadvantage ( N = 229) were asked to respond to instruments measuring their perceptions of parental qualities, psychological well-being, school adjustment, and problem behavior. Measures of parental qualities include perceived parenting styles, support and help from parents, and conflict and relationship with the parents. Results showed that perceptions of parental qualities were in general related to better adolescent psychological well-being (including existential well-being, life satisfaction, mastery, self-esteem, and general psychiatric morbidity), school adjustment (perceived academic performance and school conduct), and problem behavior (substance abuse and delinquency). Relative to maternal parenthood qualities, paternal parenthood qualities were found to have stronger relationships with measures of well-being and problem behavior in adolescents with economic disadvantage. 相似文献
14.
Ronald M. Rapee 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(8):1103-1112
Parental overprotection and modeling of fearful behaviors have been proposed to play a central role in the development of
anxiety. Yet there have been few longitudinal examinations of these relationships and virtually none focusing on the adolescent
period. The current study measured adolescent perceptions of maternal anxious parenting (a combination of overprotection and
expression of anxiety), mothers’ levels of anxiousness, and adolescents’ anxiety symptoms in 421 girls in grade 7 and their
mothers. Measures were repeated 12 months later. When the adolescent’s self report of anxiety was used as the outcome, the
adolescent’s perception of maternal anxious parenting significantly predicted adolescent anxiety 12 months later. When the
mother’s report of adolescent anxiety was used as the outcome adolescent anxiety significantly predicted adolescent perceptions
of maternal anxious parenting 12 months later. Maternal anxiousness predicted the adolescent’s perception of anxious parenting,
but meditational relationships were not significant in either model. The data are partly consistent with reciprocal influence
models of parent/child relationships but point to the importance of informant perspectives in determining relationships between
these complex variables. 相似文献
15.
Matt Bradshaw Christopher G. Ellison Jack P. Marcum 《The International journal for the psychology of religion》2013,23(2):130-147
Drawing broadly on insights from attachment theory, the present study outlines a series of theoretical arguments linking styles of attachment to God, perceptions of the nature of God (i.e., God imagery), and stressful life events with psychological distress. Main effects and potential stress-moderator effects are then evaluated using data from a nationwide sample of elders and rank-and-file members of the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.). Key findings indicate that secure attachment to God is inversely associated with distress, whereas both anxious attachment to God and stressful life events are positively related to distress. Once variations in patterns of attachment to God are controlled, there are no net effects of God imagery on levels of distress. There is only modest support for the hypothesis that God images moderate the effects of stressful life events on psychological distress, but no stress-moderator effects were found for attachment to God. Study limitations are identified, and findings are discussed in terms of their implications for religion-health research, as well as recent extensions of attachment theory. 相似文献
16.
Lorraine M. McKelvey Leanne Whiteside-Mansell Richard A. Faldowski Jeffrey Shears Catherine Ayoub Andrea D. Hart 《Journal of child and family studies》2009,18(1):102-111
We examined the psychometric properties of two scales of the parenting stress index-short form (PSI-SF) in a low-income sample
of fathers of toddlers. The factor structure, reliability, and validity of the parental distress and parent–child dysfunctional
interaction subscales were assessed for 696 fathers in a multi-site study of Early Head Start. Confirmatory factor analyses
(CFA) compared the fit of the developer recommended two-factor scales with five-factor scales theoretically derived and supported
with mothers. Our results suggested that two subscales from the PSI-SF were reliable and valid for this sample of racially
diverse, low-income fathers of toddlers. However, these subscales capture multiple dimensions of parenting stress and results
also supported the use of more narrowly defined aspects of parenting stress that included general distress, distress specifically
related to parenting demands, problematic interactions of the father–toddler dyad, perceptions of the child, and parental
perceptions of self as a parent. These unidimensional scales may prove useful in research and clinical activities by allowing
researchers to elucidate the mechanisms through which stress impacts parenting and permitting clinicians information to develop
more targeted interventions for young children and their families. 相似文献
17.
Barbara A. Mowder Michelle Guttman Florence Rubinson K. Mark Sossin 《Journal of child and family studies》2006,15(6):730-740
The trauma associated with 9/11 affected and continues to influence children, families, and other groups of people. While research is cataloging the various coping difficulties experienced, few studies specifically address issues related to parenting perceptions and related activities or behaviors. We examined individuals employed in close proximity to Ground Zero and considered these individuals’ perspectives regarding their parenting perceptions and behaviors. In addition to capturing parenting subsequent to 9/11, the researchers also asked participants about their parenting beliefs and behaviors prior to and immediately after 9/11. Additional variables, such as directly viewing 9/11 and participating in the evacuation, parent age and gender, child age and gender, and ethnicity, were considered in light of parenting beliefs and practices. The retrospective questions, while not ideal methodologically, reveal that some parent characteristics and behaviors changed immediately following 9/11 and subsequently returned to pre-9/11 levels, others changed and remain altered, while others stayed relatively stable over time. Implications of this research for further study as well as mental health practice related to children and families are presented. 相似文献
18.
Caitlin M. Barnhart Vaishali V. Raval Ashwin Jansari Pratiksha H. Raval 《Journal of child and family studies》2013,22(5):684-693
Although a growing body of psychological literature has examined the influence of culture on parenting style, relatively less attention has been paid to gender differences in parenting style across cultures. The present study examined perceptions of parenting style as a function of participant’s culture, participant’s gender, and parent gender in college students in India and the United States. Using a new vignette-based self-report measure that characterizes each of Baumrind’s three parenting styles, participants rated perceptions of effectiveness, helpfulness, caring, and normativeness of each style. Contrary to expectation, results showed that Indian college students considered the parent demonstrating permissive parenting to be more effective and helpful than US college students. In contrast, US college students considered the parents demonstrating authoritative and authoritarian parenting to be more effective, helpful, and caring than Indian college students. A majority of Indian and US college students selected the parent demonstrating authoritative parenting as most similar to their own parents, and the type of parent they wish to be in the future. Females considered the parent demonstrating authoritative parenting to be more effective and helpful than males. Relatively few effects of parent gender were found. 相似文献
19.
In the context of boarding schools, the transactions between adolescents internal working models of self and others, their peers perceptions of them, as well as the reciprocity between perceptions of others and by others were explored. Findings supported the assumed effect of models of the other on a persons social environment, as well as the expected relations between the congruency of models of self and other and the actual reciprocity between perceptions of others and others perceptions of self. Patterns of reciprocity in interpersonal relationships were found to characterize secure (positive reciprocity) and fearful (negative reciprocity) attachment styles, while non-reciprocal relations appeared more frequently among preoccupied and dismissing persons. These findings suggest specific person-environment transactions that may be involved in securing the continuity of styles of relating. 相似文献
20.
This study examined the relations between maternal parenting styles (including warmth, behavioral control, and psychological
control) and young adults’ emotion regulation. Participants included 246 young adults from a large Midwestern university,
as well as their mothers. Higher levels of maternal control, particularly psychological control, were related to lower levels
of young adults’ emotion regulation. This study is among the first to explore the above relations within the context of young
adulthood. Limitations and clinical implications are discussed. 相似文献