2型糖尿病患者抑郁患病率调查与分析

调查2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者抑郁患病率,探讨影响抑郁发生的因素。从青岛市城区常住居民中随机抽取40岁以上者5000人,选取其中已诊T2DM患者440例,运用Zung抑郁自评量表等进行调查、测定临床生化指标,进行分析。T2DM患者抑郁患病率为21．82％,抑郁对血糖控制不利,病程长、收入低、应用胰岛素、有并发症、不运动、血糖控制差为T2DM患者抑郁患病的危险因素。     

2型糖尿病患者抑郁患病率调查与分析

调查2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者抑郁患病率,探讨影响抑郁发生的因素.从青岛市城区常住居民中随机抽取40岁以上者5 000人,选取其中已诊T2DM患者440例,运用Zung抑郁自评量表等进行调查、测定临床生化指标,进行分析.T2DM患者抑郁患病率为21.82%,抑郁对血糖控制不利,病程长、收入低、应用胰岛素、有并发症、不运动、血糖控制差为T2DM患者抑郁患病的危险因素.     

大连市抑郁障碍的现况调查

了解大连市18岁以上人群抑郁障碍的患病率和分布特点.采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,以复合性国际诊断交谈检查量表(CIDI3.0)对大连市5 062名≥18岁城乡居民进行了调查.抑郁障碍的患病率为4.30%,其中男性为3.40%,女性为5.00%,女性高于男性(P＜0.01);重度抑郁障碍的男性患病率为2.90%,女性为4.40%,女性高于男性(P＜0.01).城乡间患病率无显著性差异.不同收入水平的患病率存在差异,收入处于中等水平的人群患病率低于低、高收入者.目前抑郁障碍已经成为迫切需要解决的重大公共卫生问题,关注女性,关注低收入群体,进行健康宣传,提供支持,以便促进家庭及社会的和谐.     

大连市抑郁障碍的现况调查

了解大连市18岁以上人群抑郁障碍的患病率和分布特点。采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,以复合性国际诊断交谈检查量表(CIDI3.0)对大连市5062名≥18岁城乡居民进行了调查。抑郁障碍的患病率为4.30%,其中男性为3.40%,女性为5.00%,女性高于男性(P0.01);重度抑郁障碍的男性患病率为2.90%,女性为4.40%,女性高于男性(P0.01)。城乡间患病率无显著性差异。不同收入水平的患病率存在差异,收入处于中等水平的人群患病率低于低、高收入者。目前抑郁障碍已经成为迫切需要解决的重大公共卫生问题,关注女性,关注低收入群体,进行健康宣传,提供支持,以便促进家庭及社会的和谐。了解大连市18岁以上人群抑郁障碍的患病率和分布特点。采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,以复合性国际诊断交谈检查量表(CIDI3.0)对大连市5062名≥18岁城乡居民进行了调查。抑郁障碍的患病率为4.30%,其中男性为3.40%,女性为5.00%,女性高于男性(P0.01);重度抑郁障碍的男性患病率为2.90%,女性为4.40%,女性高于男性(P0.01)。城乡间患病率无显著性差异。不同收入水平的患病率存在差异,收入处于中等水平的人群患病率低于低、高收入者。目前抑郁障碍已经成为迫切需要解决的重大公共卫生问题,关注女性,关注低收入群体,进行健康宣传,提供支持,以便促进家庭及社会的和谐。     

大学生体育锻炼对抑郁水平的效应分析

本文运用Zung’s抑郁自评量表(SDS)作为抑郁水平的量化工具,结合体育锻炼问卷调查,对226名大学生的抽样调查显示：大学生总体的抑郁水平较高,与常模存在显著差异,绝大部分落在轻度与中度范围;体育锻炼与抑郁水平之间存在显著相关,进一步证实体育锻炼在增进心理健康尤其在改善抑郁状况方面有着明显的作用。     

潜在剖面分析在区分抑郁情绪患者的应用

目的：使用情绪启动的研究范式,探讨情绪启动对抑郁情绪患者的分类效果.方法：抽取35名抑郁情绪患者和35名正常被试,分别完成6种条件的实验任务,采用潜在剖面分析和logistic回归分析,分析6种条件对两组被试的分类结果.结果：两组被试在6种条件下对人脸表情判断的正确数和反应时存在显著差异,抑郁患者的反应时间明显延长,识别的正确数比正常被试少,潜在剖面分析的结果与真实结果具有较高的一致性.结论：潜在剖面分析能较好地区分正常组与抑郁组患者,为鉴别正常人与抑郁情绪患者提供新的途径.     

男性服刑人员情绪智力调查分析

为了解广州市监狱男性服刑人员情绪智力状况,采用随即抽样法对300名监狱男性服刑人员进行问卷调查。结果表明:①人口学变量对调控他人情绪、运用情绪的影响比较大,其次是自我调控情绪,最后是感知情绪。②学历高的、职业地位高的男性服刑人员更容易感知情绪。③学历高的、年龄小,家庭比较贫穷的男性服刑人员更容易进行自我情绪的调控。④在调控他人情绪方面,非独生、学历高、年龄大、入监前社会地位高的职业者、已婚、无期的男性服刑人员表现更好。⑤在运用情绪方面,非独生、学历高、年龄小、家庭经济状况比较富裕、无期的男性服刑人员表现比较好。结论:男性服刑人员在自我调控情绪、运用情绪方面表现比较好,总体情绪智力为中上水平。     

亲子支持与老年人抑郁情绪的关系:安全感和情绪表达的作用

采用问卷调查法,以362名老年人为研究对象,考察亲子支持与老年人抑郁情绪的关系,同时探讨安全感的中介作用以及情绪表达的调节作用。结果发现：（1）亲子支持显著负向预测老年人抑郁情绪;（2）安全感在亲子支持与老年人抑郁情绪的关系中起部分中介作用;（3）情绪表达调节亲子支持与老年人安全感的关系,相较于高情绪表达能力老年人,低情绪表达能力老年人的安全感更易受亲子支持的影响。本研究的发现表明,增强老年人的安全感以及情绪表达能力有助于减缓老年期抑郁情绪和维护老年人心理健康。     

青少年与父母抑郁情绪的关系：交叉滞后分析

选取六年间完成三次追踪调查的621名青少年及其父母数据,采用交叉滞后分析,探讨了三者间抑郁情绪的相互预测关系。结果发现：T1、T2母亲抑郁情绪分别可以预测T2、T3男性青少年抑郁情绪,T1男性青少年抑郁情绪、T2女性青少年抑郁情绪分别可以预测T2、T3父亲抑郁情绪,T1、T2父亲抑郁情绪对T2、T3母亲抑郁情绪具有显著预测作用。青少年及其父母三者间的抑郁情绪存在一定程度的动态循环关系。     

老年抑郁个体注意偏向的发生阶段

本研究以老年抑郁量表、自评抑郁量表和汉密顿抑郁量表为工具筛选出老年抑郁个体和老年正常对照组为研究对象,通过空间线索化范式,以及分离的情绪Stroop范式考察了刺激呈现时间、线索呈现条件对老年抑郁个体注意偏向的影响,并探讨了老年抑郁个体注意偏向的发生阶段。研究结果表明：（1）在空间线索任务中,当刺激呈现时间为250ms或500ms时,老年抑郁组与老年正常组的返回抑制效应在各种情绪刺激下均无显著差异（P>0.05）,即老年抑郁个体没有呈现出对任何情绪刺激类型的注意偏向现象;当刺激呈现时间为750ms或1000ms时,老年抑郁组的返回抑制效应在不同情绪刺激条件下差异显著,F(2, 66)=3.22,P=0.046,而老年正常组则不存在返回抑制效应在情绪刺激类型上的差异（P>0.05）,提示老年抑郁组对不同情绪类型的刺激注意返回抑制能力不同;进一步检验得知：返回抑制效应在悲伤条件下,存在组间差异,分别是F(1, 33)=10.03,P=0.003;F(1, 33)=18.21,P=0.000,即老年抑郁组的返回抑制效应弱于老年正常组。（2）在Stroop实验中,老年抑郁组在单中性、双中性与单悲伤面孔、中性悲伤面孔、双悲伤面孔线索类型下的反应时差异显著;且当线索类型为单悲伤面孔、中性悲伤面孔、双悲伤面孔时,老年抑郁组与老年正常组的反应时差异均显著,即老年抑郁组的反应时明显长于老年正常组,F(1, 41) = 5.37,P=0.026;F(1, 41) = 7.08,P=0.011;F(1, 41) = 7.28,P=0.010;而当线索类型为单中性和双中性面孔时,老年抑郁组与老年正常组的反应时差异不显著（P>0.05）;提示抑郁组可能在自动化注意选择分配期存在注意偏向。研究认为,老年抑郁个体的注意偏向可能发生在注意初始分配阶段和解释阶段,且受加工深度的影响。在刺激呈现时间较长的条件下,注意偏向的效应更明显。     

近十年国内唯识学研究综述

近十年来,学术界有关唯识学的研究展现出新的气象。其主要在唯识史学的研究、唯识理论与思想研究、唯识经典的研究与诠释、唯识学与现代科学的比较研究、近代唯识学复兴研究。这五个方向都有力作问世,构成了唯识学研究的深度和广度。但在研究方法上,多从文献学、哲学的角度出发,笔者认为适时地转变研究思路,必将使唯识学的研究开创出新的局面。     

A Test of Contextual Theory: The Relationship Among Relational Ethics,Marital Satisfaction,Health Problems,and Depression

Few studies have examined the theoretical underpinning of contextual theory. Using structural equation modeling, the relationship among relational ethics (recognized as the most important aspect of contextual theory), marital satisfaction, depression, and illness was examined. Data came from a national sample of 632 mid-life, married individuals. Results supported Nagy’s contextual theory. The total score of the Relational Ethics Scale was a significant predictor of marital satisfaction, and marital satisfaction was significantly associated with depression and health problems. Vertical and horizontal subscales of relational ethics also were significant predictors of depression and health problems through the mediating variable of marital satisfaction.     

Interpretation of Ambiguous Information in Girls at Risk for Depression

Research has consistently documented that depressed individuals process information in a negatively biased manner. There is little evidence, however, concerning whether these biases represent risk factors for depression, as is hypothesized by cognitive models. In the present study we investigated whether a particular cognitive bias observed in currently depressed individuals, the tendency to interpret ambiguous information negatively, characterizes daughters of depressed mothers, a population known to be at increased risk for depression. Following a negative mood induction, young daughters of depressed and never-disordered mothers completed two information-processing tasks in which their interpretations of emotionally ambiguous stimuli were evaluated. Daughters of depressed mothers interpreted ambiguous words more negatively and less positively, and ambiguous stories more negatively, than did daughters of never-disordered mothers. These results provide support for cognitive vulnerability models of depression.     

上海浦东散居道士现状调查

本文通过对现在活跃在上海浦东新区的近两百名散居道士的调查,对浦东散居道士的基本情况、从事散居道职的原因、地区分布特点、以及近几十年散居道士人数的发展等情况作了一番初,步的探索.     

Disconnection, Depression, and Spirituality: A Study of the Role of Spirituality and Meaning in the Lives of Individuals with Severe Depression

This qualitative study explores the role of spirituality and meaning among 15 participants suffering from severe depression. During the time of this study, all the participants were in treatment at Loma Linda University Behavioral Medicine Center. The emerging themes are: (1) depression creates a sense of spiritual disconnection. Participants indicated feeling disconnected from God, the community, and oneself; (2) spirituality plays an important role in coping with the pain of depression; (3) there exists a deep yearning for a sense of meaning and a struggle to make sense of one’s pain; and (4) coming to terms with one’s circumstances and one’s depression at some level assists in the healing process.     

Family psychological factors in relation to children's asthma status and behavioral adjustment at age 4

The objectives of this study were to determine whether family psychosocial factors influenced asthma development by age 4, and whether family factors and early wheezing illness were associated with behavioral adjustment at age 4. Participants were 98 children enrolled in an intervention study at 9-24 months and followed to age 4. Baseline evaluations assessed infants' respiratory illness severity, family psychosocial characteristics, and parental risk factors for asthma development. Active asthma categorization at age 4 utilized both parent report and objective data. Parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Caregiver single-parent status, a composite of baseline family stresses, and early wheezing illness severity were associated with active asthma at age 4. The contribution of prenatal smoke exposure and early hospitalization to active asthma varied with racial/ethnic group membership. Maternal mental health and family stresses predicted CBCL scores at age 4, whereas early illness severity and hospitalization were unrelated to CBCL scores. CBCL scores were not elevated for children with active asthma at age 4. Family factors consistent with a negative emotional environment were associated with both active asthma and adjustment problems at age 4, suggesting that both outcomes may be influenced by a common factor.     

Mediational Pathways Through Which Positive and Negative Emotionality Contribute to Anhedonic Symptoms of Depression: A Prospective Study of Adolescents

This study takes a developmental psychopathological approach to examine mechanisms through which baseline levels of positive emotionality (PE) and negative emotionality (NE) prospectively predict increases in anhedonic depressive symptoms in a community sample of 350 adolescents (6th–10th graders). Dependent stressors mediated the relationship between baseline levels of NE and anhedonic depressive symptoms after controlling for initial symptoms. Supportive relationships mediated the relationship between baseline levels of PE and anhedonic depressive symptoms, after controlling for baseline symptoms. In addition, NE X PE interacted to predict later anhedonic depressive symptoms, such that adolescents with low levels of PE and high levels of NE experienced the greatest increase in anhedonic depressive symptoms. Last, supportive relationships interacted with baseline PE to predict prospective changes in anhedonic depressive symptoms, such that adolescents with low PE and low supportive relationships experienced the greatest increase in anhedonic depressive symptoms. Results are discussed in terms of current theoretical models of the link between temperament and depression. This work was supported, in part, by NIMH grants R03-MH 066845 and 1R01HD054736-01A1 to Benjamin L. Hankin.     

Equanimity to Excess: Inhibiting the Expression of Negative Emotion is Associated with Depression Symptoms in Girls

Emotion dysregulation is often invoked as an important construct for understanding risk for psychopathology, but specificity of domains of emotion regulation in clinically relevant research is often lacking. In the present study Gross’ (2001) model of emotion regulation is used to generate hypotheses regarding the relative contribution of two specific types of deficits in emotion regulation, inhibited and disinhibited expression of negative emotion, to individual differences in depressive symptoms in preadolescent girls. A sample of 232 9-year-old girls was recruited from a community based study. Depression symptoms were assessed via diagnostic interview. The mother and interviewer rated the girl’s level of impairment. Questionnaires and observations were used to assess inhibited and disinhibited expression of negative emotion. Differences in inhibited expression of negative emotion typically explained more variance in depressive symptoms and impairment across informants than did disinhibited expression of negative emotion. Although disinhibited expression of negative emotion is associated with depression and impairment, inhibited expression appeared to be a necessary ingredient, suggesting that inhibited expression may be a particularly relevant deficit in emotion regulation in the development of depression in females.     

In the Face of Uncertainty: A Twin Study of Ambiguous Information,Anxiety and Depression in Children

Anxiety and depression share genetic influences, and have been associated with similar cognitive biases. Psychological theories of anxiety and depression highlight threat interpretations of ambiguity. Little is known about whether genes influence cognitive style, or its links to symptoms. We assessed ambiguous word and scenario interpretations, anxiety and depression symptoms in 300 8-year-old twin pairs. There were significant correlations between both negative interpretations of ambiguous words and scenarios and depression symptoms after controlling for anxiety symptoms (r = .13 and .31, respectively), but no significant correlations with anxiety independent of depression. Genetic effects ranged from 16% for depression to 30% for ambiguous word interpretations. Non-shared environmental influences were large (68–70%). Both genetic and environmental influences contributed to the association between depression and ambiguous scenario interpretations. These findings support psychological theories, which emphasise the role of environmental stress both on the development of threat interpretations and on their links with symptoms. The data also support a role for genetic influence on threat interpretations, which may mediate responses to stress.