对偶比较法、等级排列法和两极递进式排序法的比较

排序不仅是科学研究的常用方法,在现实生活中也有着广泛应用,但对于不同排序方法排序结果的比较却鲜有报道.本研究通过颜色偏好实验考察了对偶比较法、等级排列法和两极递进式排序法三种排序方法的稳定性和一致性等指标,并比较了三种方法的优劣.结果表明:三种排序方法在颜色偏好的判断作业中具有较高的稳定性和一致性,其中以对偶比较法的稳定性稍高;三种排序方法在稳定性、经济性、简便性、直观性和适用条件上各有优劣,文末就三种排序方法的应用提出了建议.     

关于概化理论应用中几个问题的探讨——与李伟明等的商榷

概化理论是经典测验理论与方差分析相结合而产生出来的当今最有影响的三大测验理论之一。它通过改进经典测验理论的数学模型、引进方差分析技术等方法,把分数变异细分为多种来源,为测验决策提供了系统的理论和方法。     

The Role of Reproductive Strategies in Academic Attainment

Since there is a tradeoff between prolongedformal education and early reproduction, education canbe construed as a long-term reproductive tactic. Thisreproductive strategies approach was tested by looking at relationships between sociosexuality (SOI)and parental investment (parental income, number ofsiblings, parental divorce, number of step siblings,birth intervals, birth order, closeness to parents) and GPA of 139 White students at a privatecollege. Parental investment was reduced to threefactors (Family Composition, Family Security, andMarital Instability), the last of which was negativelycorrelated with GPA and positively correlated with SOI.SOI was a much stronger (negative) predictor of GPA inwomen, but not men, than ACT was. Results support thereproductive strategies approach and imply that prediction of academic difficulty (and genderdifferences therein) must confront reproductiveissues.     

Specifying the Impact of Conservative Protestantism on Educational Attainment

Recent studies have demonstrated that conservative Protestantism negatively affects educational advancement. However, these studies have treated conservative Protestantism as a monolithic religious bloc that uniformly constrains achieving higher education. Disaggregating conservative Protestantism into fundamentalists, Pentecostals, and evangelicals reveals that the relationship between conservative Protestantism and educational attainment is more complex than recently shown. Findings from a nationally representative sample of Americans show that fundamentalists and Pentecostals are generally less likely to be college educated relative to other religious groups and nonreligious affiliates. The findings also show that not only are evangelicals more likely to be college educated than fundamentalists and Pentecostals, but with the exception of Jews, they are as likely or more likely than other religious groups and nonreligious affiliates to be college educated. This article suggests that different cultural traditions explain the variation in educational attainment among conservative Protestants .     

The Attainment of Self-Consistency Through Gender in Young Children

This paper explores young children's motivation for gender-stereotypical preferences by comparing two theories, both based on Kohlberg's stages of cognitive understanding within the cognitive developmental tradition. The first, elaborated by Kohlberg, suggests that gender-stereotypical preferences are the result of the child's cognitive understanding of the constancy of their gender. The second theory suggests that it is precisely the lack of certainty of gender constancy that influences gender-stereotypical behavior. Data from a cross-sectional study of 100 children sampled during their first year of school, and longitudinal case studies of 10 children during the transition to school, are brought to bear on these two theories. The sample was drawn from a range of working class and middle class home backgrounds. The children were mainly White, with 6% Asian-Indian in the cross-sectional sample, and 1 Asian-Indian child in the longitudinal group. The study finds an association between gender-stereotypical behavior and the attainment of gender constancy, suggesting support for the first theory.     

政治主体的伦理向度与公共利益的达成

在构建"优良的生活"的政治实践中,无论个体还是政治共同体,都体现一种共同善的诉求.政治主体如何就"对人而言的善和共同体的利益"达成一个"共同的理解",自然成为考察政治主体伦理的一个有效向度.在现代民主政治情境下,无论是政治家和公共行政人员还是与此紧密相关的公民,需要把作为目的的公共利益当作自己的规范价值和行为标准,从而使政治获得一种高贵的伦理品质.     

生药学与中国传统文化相互渗透的教学心得

药学专业课程生药学与中医中药及中国传统文化有着密不可分的联系.在生药学教学过程中,注重专业知识与中华传统人文知识及精神的相互渗透,既能激发学生的学习兴趣与求知欲,提高课堂教学质量,又能在潜移默化中提升学生人文情怀与素养,培养学生的人文精神.     

The Role of Religiosity on Postsecondary Degree Attainment

Although previous researchers found that several individual, family, and school characteristics influenced adolescents' academic performance, religion‐related factors have not typically been considered for models of bachelor's degree attainment. Using longitudinal data in a national database, the authors examined the relationship between high school students' religiosity and bachelor's degree attainment. The results indicate that high school students' religiosity was significantly related to bachelor's degree attainment when other variables (i.e., locus of control, self‐concept, parental involvement, and prior academic performance) were controlled for.     

Understanding the Rise of Born-Again Catholics in the United States: The Role of Educational Attainment

Having a “born-again” experience has historically been a marker of sectarian or evangelical Protestantism. Yet the percentage of American Catholics reporting a born-again experience has nearly doubled in the past few decades—from 14% in 2004 to 27% in 2016—a much faster increase than that of evangelicals or any other religious group. How do we explain the disproportionate rise of born-again Catholics? Drawing on data from the 2004–2016 waves of the General Social Survey, this research note tests four potential mechanisms: (1) evangelicals converting to Catholicism; (2) born-again Catholics immigrating to the US; (3) evangelical-to-Catholic diffusion due to growing conservative-political alliances; and (4) having a born-again experience (both an indicator of sectarian religious piety and loose affiliation with more standard Catholic self-perceptions) is becoming more common among Catholics with less formal education. After testing alternative explanations, we show that reporting a born-again experience has increased almost solely among Catholics without a college degree. This suggests that the born-again experience is increasing primarily among those Catholics who tend to be more marginalized within society at large (potentially making sectarian religious experiences like being “born-again” more attractive) and less versed in more mainstream identity-markers of their own religious tradition.