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以跨文化(中国人)个性测量表(CPAI-2)的成人版为基础,综合运用文化共通性(etic)和文化特殊性(emic)方法发展了相应的青少年版个性测量工具——CPAI-A,并在香港青少年人群中进行了标准化研究。结果表明CPAI-A有良好的信度和清晰的因素结构。文章从理论和实证两方面深入分析了学界日益关注的从青少年到成人人格的发展性与稳定性问题,以及人格特质评估的文化共通性与特殊性问题。最后建议CPAI-A量表发展的历程可能是融合本土化与跨文化人格评估发展过程中一条非常值得借鉴的思路 相似文献
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文化心理学与跨文化心理学的比较与整合 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
文化心理学和跨文化心理学都是心理学的文化转向之产物,二者都重视对文化的研究,要求把文化纳入心理学的研究范围,因而有很多方面相似,但也存在着一些本质的不同。跨文化心理学是在不改变科学主义心理学的基本原则或假设的前提下对其加以修正,而文化则与之相反,它要从根本上否定科学主义心理学的硬核。不过,二者各有优劣,在心理学研究中应把二者整合起来,以便相互取长补短,共同发展 相似文献
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多元文化论与跨文化心理学的发展 总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9
多元文化论强调文化因素对心理学研究的重要性。它主张文化的多元性和平等性,反对跨文化心理学研究中的“文化帝国主义”倾向。在多元文化论的影响下,跨文化心理学开始摆脱“欧美中心主义”偏见,出现了普遍性研究策略和特殊性研究策略相结合、跨文化心理学与文化心理学、本土心理学相结合的趋向。 相似文献
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文化与人格关系研究综述 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
文化影响人格发展。在影响人格的因素中,普遍性因素与文化特殊性因素共存。文化的维度,有复杂性、紧密性、个体主义和集体主义等。许多文献提到在不同的文化中均出现大五人格。然而我们仍然需要谨慎,因为对普遍性的大多数研究并不包括文化特殊性的特质,也不研究那些与西方文化范例有绝对差异的样本。 相似文献
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全球化带来了丰富的多元文化经验, 开阔了人们视野的同时, 也造成了认知负担, 进而可能引发对外文化群体的抵触情绪和排斥行为。多元文化经验的普遍性和两面性突显了对其进行合理管理和灵活应用的重要性。然而, 现有的文化能力的理论大多在全球化研究早期提出, 已经无法应对全球化带来的新变化。在文化会聚主义理论框架下, 将文化视为动态发展的系统, 建构以元知识为核心的多元文化能力模型将有助于深入理解全球化问题。新模型的效用检验计划从文化知识管理和群际接触应对两方面检验多元文化能力在跨文化合作情境中的效用与机制, 以期为全球化环境中个人与组织开展跨文化交流与合作的实践提供理论指导。 相似文献
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孝文化与中国人人格形成的深层机制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
作为中国文化的重要特征,孝文化提供了一整套系统的文本、言说和行为准则,不仅影响到中国社会的历史面貌和现实状况等宏观领域,而且也影响到人格形成等微观领域。该文从文化的辩证角度分析了孝文化长期存在的合理性,对孝文化的内涵和消极效应进行了心理学解读,并简要分析了孝文化与中国人具体人格特征之间的关联。正是通过具体的教养方式和亲子关系,孝文化完成了其对人格的塑造作用。 相似文献
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研究人格特质背后潜在的结构一直是人格心理学家们工作的一项重要内容,因而存在着人格结构因素(维度)之争;而论证某一人格特质结构的文化普适性(etic)或者文化特殊性(emic),则成为当今人格特质研究者们工作的一个重要方向,因而存在着彼一人格结构与此一人格结构能否相容之争。文章回顾总结了20多年来有关《中国人个性测量表CPAI》的实证研究结果,提出了一个人格特质“六因素”假说(SFM),并通过比较中国人和美国人样本在“六因素”结构中的“人际关系性(IR)”和“开放性(O)”因素上的显性/隐性表现,指出人格因素数量及其理论定性之争很可能仅具有方法学意义,对于真正了解人格的本质并非关键。真正找到人类共有的和某一人群特有的人格特质结构的唯一途径,只能是各种文化背景下的人格心理学家超越各自理论、彼此平等接纳、从文化的、乃至遗传的角度共同探索 相似文献
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用中国人个性量表(CPAI)预测国有企业中高层管理者的绩效 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本研究用中国人个性量表 (CPAI)测量了某国有企业的 3 8名中高级管理人员 ,并获得了他们最近的上司评定绩效资料。相关分析表明 ,CPAI的和谐维度与工作能力和工作态度的多个指标有正相关 ,CPAI的领导维度与沟通能力有正相关。与假设相反 ,老实 -圆滑和务实与沟通能力有负相关 ;越外控的员工 ,其合作态度的评价越高。这可能表明了国企管理的某些特点对人格—绩效关系的影响。本研究揭示了一些被西方心理学家忽视的人格维度对于中国企业人力资源管理的重要意义。 相似文献
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目前,学界探索中国人的应对大致有两种方式:客位研究与主位研究。客位研究分析中国文化在以下几个方面对国人应对行为和心理的影响,分别是应对的文化环境和自我特质、压力来源、应对方式、应对结果。研究结果得出有关应对的客观知识,揭示中国人的应对实践。但是由于客位研究注重理论的普适性,所以其研究成果与中国人应对实质并不十分契合。主位研究从传统文化中的儒家、道家、佛家哲学思想提取应对观,其成果更深入的分析了国人应对的实质。但是,主位研究下的应对观过于注重直观体验,并且当今中国人行为心理模式也发生了变化,这些因素势必导致主位研究的缺陷。两种研究方式各有利弊,未来的研究应把两种方式结合起来,取长补短。 相似文献
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《中国人个性测量表CPAI-2》是一套本土化发展而成的个性量表,涵盖包括中国文化独有以及在大多数文化共有的性格维度。该文认为结合文化特定与文化共通的研究方法能全面地反映心理现实,亦能加深我们对跨文化心理学的理解。该研究分析了CPAI-2常模的几个子组别,以展示在同一文化之内,性格特质的差异及连续性。性别及年龄组别间的平均分差异均符合相应的社化过程及人生发展阶段所预期的结果。而中国香港及中国不同地区在平均分的差异上则没有特定的模式。文化内及跨文化的差异展示了个人性格差异的连续性,以及文化特定与文化共通概念的相互关系。 相似文献
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AbstractIn this article, the authors draw from their own experiences working among religious congregations that minister to unauthorized immigrants in the new destinations in the U.S. to reflect on the relationship between scholarship and advocacy. They argue that because of the scholar's embodied condition, his/her location in networks of relations characterized by power differentials, scholarship will always involve a measure of advocacy, invariably containing judgments not only about what counts as legitimate and authoritative methods, arguments, and data for the religious-studies scholarly ‘community,’ but also about the place of the scholar and her/his scholarly community in the larger society. However, as their own experiences show, not all forms of advocacy are equal – they vary in their level of publicness, as well as the intensity and type of the engagement – and these various modalities carry potential payoffs and pitfalls. Thus, rather than trying to draw fixed, sharp, and ultimately untenable boundaries between scholarship and advocacy, the task is to develop a reflexive, pragmatic, and experimental attitude that can allow for these two dimensions of praxis to benefit from each other, animated by a critical approach and an emancipatory interest focused on the intractable problems and defining dilemmas of our age. 相似文献
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Donald G. Forgays Deborah K. Forgays Kazimierz Wrzesniewski Paolo Bonaiuto 《Psychology & health》2013,28(4):257-268
Abstract To contribute to the design of adequate intervention and prevention programs, data on smoking behavior were collected from over 300 male and female 15 year olds from Poland and the United States, approximately half from each country. Several personality measures were obtained from each subject. Fifty of these students were already smoking and over 100 more had tried cigarettes. Results indicate that for both countries, smokers had a characteristic personality profile which included being anxious, angry, and impulsive/antisocial. In short they appear to be emotionally distressed and females were more extreme than males in this regard. Possible intervention and prevention strategies and future needed research are discussed. 相似文献
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Three approaches to the assessment of DSM-III personality disorders are compared by examining the manner in which interrelationships between disorders are portrayed by the different techniques. Although a fair degree of convergence was noted among the three techniques, several differences were also observed. These comparisons, particularly the noted contrasts, have implications for future researchers using these techniques. 相似文献
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Tracie L. Blumentritt Rebecca L. Angle Jeffrey M. Brown 《Journal of child and family studies》2004,13(2):163-178
Bivariate and multivariate correlation analyses were used to investigate personality trait variables and their relation to DSM-IV symptomology in a clinically-identified sample of 142 Mexican-American adolescents. Personality variables were measured with the Personality Style subscales of the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory. DSM-IV symptomology was assessed by four clinical subscales of the Adolescent Psychopathology Scale. Canonical correlation analysis revealed two independent and salient patterns of correlation between the personality variables and symptomology which together accounted for 86% of the variance. We conceptualized these patterns as outgoing conformity and egotistical unruliness. Results are discussed in terms of cross-cultural issues and implications for mental health services for minority youth. 相似文献
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The present study investigated the relationship between a set of personality constructs (i.e. perfectionism, independent-interdependent self-construal, and collective self-esteem) and trait and social anxiety among 324 Mainland Chinese and 333 Caucasian college students. It was hypothesized that the strength of the correlation between these personality factors and anxiety would be different for the two samples. The results indicated that socially prescribed perfectionism was a better predictor of social anxiety for the Chinese participants, but of trait anxiety for the Caucasian participants. Independent self-construal predicted social anxiety better for the Caucasians than for the Chinese. Overall, aspects of collective self-esteem were more correlated with anxiety among the Chinese than the Caucasians. The authors argued that the findings can be used to improve multicultural counselling in China and the USA and to provide more culturally specific interventions to clients having anxiety disorders. 相似文献