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1.
大学生的文化取向、自我概念对主观幸福感的影响   总被引:8,自引:2,他引:8  
李祚山 《心理科学》2006,29(2):423-426
对成、渝两地228名大学生进行了测试,探讨大学生不同的文化取向和自我概念对其主观幸福感的影响。结果表明:大学生的文化取向以水平集体主义取向为主;年级、性别和家庭经济收入状况对幸福感均不产生影响;自我概念的各因子除与情感平衡呈显著负相关外,其他均为显著正相关;垂直个人主义文化与负性情感呈显著负相关,与情感平衡呈显著正相关;心理自我、生理自我和水平集体主义对生活满意度指数A和B有显著的预测效应;社会自我、自我批评和水平个人主义对正性情感有显著的预测效应,心理自我、自我批评和垂直个人主义对负性情感有显著的预测效应,心理自我、垂直和水平的个人主义对情感平衡有显著的预测效应。  相似文献   

2.
通过一个相关研究和一个实验研究探索自我概念与仿制商品形象的一致性与消费者对仿制商品消费意愿的关系,以及反过来个体在使用仿制商品后对其行为的影响。研究一中,呈现给被试三组同一品牌的正品和仿制商品,让被试评价,相对于正品,其自我概念与仿制商品形象一致的程度以及对仿制商品的购买意愿,结果发现被试评价其自我概念与仿制商品形象一致性程度越高,其对仿制商品的购买意愿越高;研究二中,被试被要求使用正品或仿品钢笔完成矩阵谜题任务,并根据成绩自行兑换奖励,结果发现,相比使用正品钢笔,被试使用仿制商品后更倾向于谎报成绩,表现出与仿制商品相一致的虚假欺骗属性。以上研究结果说明,自我概念的影响贯穿于消费行为始终,自我概念和仿制商品形象的一致性会促进消费行为,而对仿制商品的消费也会反过来作用于自我,使消费者的行为倾向和仿制商品的负面特征趋于一致。  相似文献   

3.
自我概念对主观幸福感预测的内隐社会认知研究   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
郑全全  耿晓伟 《心理科学》2006,29(3):558-562
从内隐社会认知的观点出发研究自我概念和主观幸福感的结构,并在此基础上探讨自我概念对主观幸福感的影响,得到以下结论:在中国大学生样本中(1)自我概念是双重的,存在外显自我和内隐自我两种成分;(2)主观幸福感结构是双重的,存在外显幸福感和内隐幸福感两种成分;(3)自我概念对主观幸福感的预测模型为:外显自我预测外显幸福感,内隐自我预测内隐幸福感。  相似文献   

4.
该研究基于自我差异理论与自我验证理论探究自拍照编辑与女大学生主观幸福感的关系,以及积极反馈与自我概念的中介作用。采用自拍照编辑问卷、线上自拍照积极反馈问卷、一般自我概念量表、主观幸福感量表对550名女大学生进行调查研究,结果发现:(1)自拍照编辑的频率、积极反馈、自我概念、主观幸福感两两之间均呈显著正相关;(2)自拍照编辑的频率通过三条中介路径影响女大学生主观幸福感:通过积极反馈的中介作用;通过自我概念的中介作用;通过积极反馈及自我概念的链式中介作用;(3)积极反馈与自我概念在自拍照编辑的频率与女大学生主观幸福感的关系中起完全中介作用。研究结果进一步揭示自拍照编辑对主观幸福感影响的作用机制,为女大学生健康使用社交网站及社交网站的功能完善提供依据。  相似文献   

5.
主观幸福感与文化的关系研究综述   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
邹琼 《心理科学》2005,28(3):632-633,631
西方研究者建立了四个文化模型来解决主观幸福感的文化普遍性和特殊性的争议。遗憾的是,现有的模型各执一端。实证研究也偏重于幸福感的文化特殊性研究。近年来,国内开始重视主观幸福感的跨文化研究,并发现了幸福感的中西差异。未来研究的重点是整合有关理论,解决文化争议,采取主位研究策略,提高实证研究的效度。  相似文献   

6.
师生关系与小学生自我概念的关系研究   总被引:24,自引:6,他引:18  
本研究采用访谈法与问卷法,选取北京市3所小学的498名三至六年级的小学生(男生255名,女生243名)及其班主任作为被试,考察了小学生的师生关系与自我概念的关系。研究结果发现:(1)师生关系的冲突性、亲密性和反应性与小学生自我概念发展具有显著相关。(2)师生关系对自我概念不同方面的发展的预测不同,师生关系的亲密性、冲突性和反应性对自我概念的各方面具有不同的预测性。(3)亲密型师生关系更有利于小学生自我概念的健康发展,冷漠型师生关系最有碍于小学生的自我概念发展。本研究结果对于教育实践具有重要的指导意义。  相似文献   

7.
该研究旨在探讨学业自我概念对竞争合作与学业成就关系的影响。研究采用合作竞争态度量表、学业自我描述问卷对397名初中生进行调查。结果发现:1)竞争与学业成就间存在显著的正相关,竞争意识强者学业成绩越好;2)合作与学业成绩间不存在显著相关关系;3)学业自我概念在竞争与学业成绩之间起着完全中介作用。  相似文献   

8.
中学生自我概念的特点及其与学业成绩的关系   总被引:25,自引:2,他引:23  
本研究采用问卷法,针对随机取样的428名中学生,考察了自我概念的年级与性别特点及其与学业成绩的关系。结果表明:(1)在自我概念总量表和分量表上,中学生存在显著的年级和性别差异;(2)在自我概念子量表上,年级和性别的交互作用显著;(3)在言语自我、数学自我、一般学校、体能自我、父母关系、诚实可信、一般自我等子量表,以及学业、非学业分量表和总量表上,不同学业水平的学生有显著差异;(4)除体能自我、与异性关系和与同性关系子量表外,学业成绩与自我概念有显著正相关,而且学业成绩对自我概念有显著预测性,一般学校自我对学业成绩有显著的预测性。  相似文献   

9.
尽管抑郁的影响因素得到了比较多的探讨,但是鲜有研究探讨职业自我概念清晰度与抑郁的关系以及性别和性别平等观在其中的作用。根据生涯发展理论和自我差异理论,本研究探讨了大学生职业自我概念清晰度与大学生抑郁的关系,并考察了性别和性别平等观在二者关系之间的调节作用。通过对463份大学生的数据进行实证分析发现:(1)职业自我概念清晰度与大学生抑郁负相关;(2)职业自我概念清晰度与抑郁的关系存在显著的性别差异;(3)职业自我概念清晰度、性别和性别平等观对大学生抑郁存在三重交互作用。当个体持有高性别平等观时,男性和女性的职业自我概念清晰度都与抑郁负相关。当个体的性别平等观较低时,女性的职业自我概念清晰度与抑郁正相关。研究结果对于大学生的职业发展和心理健康教育具有重要实践意义。  相似文献   

10.
自我概念研究的概述   总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19  
本文介绍了自我概念的等级模型及其相关的理论,比较了五种自我概念测量方法的各自的特点,还简要总结了自我概念在几个主要研究领域中的成果,较系统地勾勒了当前自我概念的发展特点及方向.  相似文献   

11.
    
Self-complexity, a measure of self-concept structure consisting of number of self-aspects and relatedness of self-aspects, was compared in the United States and South Korea. University students in each country completed measures of self-complexity and self-construal. In two studies, participants from South Korea had more self-aspects and overall self-complexity (as measured by H) than participants from the United States. Self-construal was not responsible for these differences. In addition, a comparison of previous self-complexity research carried out in different countries supports the conclusion that people from East Asian countries have more self-aspects than people from the United States. The results are discussed in terms of broader cultural differences in psychological phenomena.  相似文献   

12.
    
Reminiscence-based psychotherapies have been demonstrated to have robust effects on a range of therapeutic outcomes. However, little research has been conducted on the immediate effects of guided activities they are composed of, or how these might differ dependent on the type of reminiscence. The current study utilised a controlled experimental design, whereby 321 young adults (mean age?=?25.5 years, SD?=?3.0) were randomised to one of four conditions of online reminiscence activity: problem-solving (successful coping experiences), identity (self-defining events contributing to a meaningful and continuous personal identity), bitterness revival (negative or adverse events), or a control condition (any memory from their past). Participants recalled autobiographical memories congruent with the condition, and answered questions to facilitate reflection on the memories. The results indicated that problem-solving and identity reminiscence activities caused significant improvements in self-esteem, meaning in life, self-efficacy and affect, whereas no effects were found in the bitterness revival and control conditions. Problem-solving reminiscence also caused a small effect in increasing perceptions of a life narrative/s. Differences between the conditions did not appear to be explained by the positive-valence of memories. These results provide evidence for the specific effects of adaptive types of problem-solving and identity reminiscence in young adults.  相似文献   

13.
The importance of routines for the performance of everyday activities   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Whether the weekly frequency with which everyday activities (e.g., taking a shower, running for exercise) are performed is determined by intentions to perform the activities at different frequencies rather than by routines was investigated. Sixty-four subjects participated in an experiment in which self-reported frequency of performance of 10 activities was predicted from indicated intentions as well as from self-reports of the frequency with which the activities were performed a previous week. The results were as expected for a few of the activities, whereas for a majority of them performance was predicted from previous frequency without the mediation of intentions. Consistent with the conclusion that routines played a more important role than intentions, it was also found that intentions failed to predict performance better the following week than it predicted performance the week after that week. Conditions under which intentions may be a more important determinant were discussed.  相似文献   

14.
Two experiments examined the role of intentions in people's allocation of time to everyday activities (e.g., talcing a shower, running for exercise). In Experiment 1 32 subjects rated their intentions of, preferences for, and perceived control over performance of 10 activities at different frequencies during the following month. In Experiment 2 another 36 subjects performed the same ratings for the following week, then returned after that week to report how frequently they had been engaged in the activities. The results of both experiments showed that either the ratings of preference, of perceived control, or both combined linearly, predicted the intentions. However, intentions did not predict performance particularly well. This probably reflected (1) that some activities are performed routinely without intentions being formed; (2) that intentions to perform some other, more impulsively timed activities are formed late when appropriate actual situations are encountered; and (3) that for still other activities intentions are formed but not maintained.  相似文献   

15.
    
In this article the structure of subjective well-being (SWB), the relationship between household income and SWB and mean differences in components of SWB in China and the USA are investigated. Both China and the USA were characterized in a three-factor model of SWB (life satisfaction, positive affect and negative affect). Household income was more strongly positively correlated with the three major components of SWB in China than in the USA. Lower levels of SWB were generally reported by participants in China than in the USA; however, there were mean differences in different regions of China.  相似文献   

16.
Culture and the Development of Self-Knowledge   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
ABSTRACT— Although a great deal of work in the past decades has shown cultural variations in self-knowledge among adults, not until recently have researchers started to examine developmental processes and mechanisms that give rise to the variations. I discuss our research on the development of two kinds of self-knowledge: autobiographical memory and self-concept. Our findings indicate that children develop culture-specific self-knowledge early in life; the two kinds of self-knowledge reinforce each other at both individual and cultural levels; and early narrative practices constitute an important resource from which children draw cultural views about the self to incorporate into their self-understanding and remembering.  相似文献   

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