共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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认知方式、视错觉及其关系的跨文化研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
运用测验法研究了藏、回、汉族小学三年级、五年级、初二、高二共1032名儿童认知方式的特点,考察了不同认知方式与视错觉之间的关系。结果表明:1)认知方式的民族、居住环境和年龄差异显著,藏族儿童、居住在草原上的儿童、低年级儿童倾向于场依存性,汉族和回族儿童、生活在城市和山村的儿童、高年级儿童倾向于场独立性;2)视错觉的文化差异显著,居住环境和年龄是影响视错觉的重要变量;3)认知方式对视错觉有影响,场独立性者错觉量小,场依存性者错觉量大。 相似文献
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论中国多民族认知方式的跨文化研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
多民族认知方式研究课题组 《心理学探新》1993,(2)
本文在国内外跨文化心理学研究的背景上,论述了中国多民族认知方式跨文化研究的理论意义和实际意义,提出了这一研究的目的和主要任务,并从多方法结合的角度阐述了被试的选择、社会人类学方法、心理测量学方法及具体测验的编制,以及材料的整合与分析等问题。 相似文献
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学生认知方式与性格特质相互关系的跨文化研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
场独立性认知方式(Field Independent Cognitive Style)是威特金最早用来把性格特征与认知过程统一起来的一个基本概念。他从长期的实证研究结果中发现,场独立性认知方式对人的各种活动(包括知觉过程、心理能力、情绪问题和人际关系)具有普遍的影响,是广泛起作用的个别差异变量,是性格的重要维度。那么这种性格维度究竟是性格特征在认知过程中的特有表现,还是它本身就是性格结构中的一个独立维度呢? 相似文献
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汉字结构方式的认知研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本研究首先从方法学上得到证实,视匹配法较动作反应法更适合于研究汉字结构方式的认知。而视匹配作业表明,心理切分上下结构字要极大地难于左右结构字。从而揭示了部件知觉中出现的结构方式效应的一种可能机制。图对的比较实验证实,切分难度因素较切分次数因素对认知结构方式有更重大的影响力。 相似文献
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系统观认知方式与中医学认知方式之比较 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
马晓燕 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2000,21(9):41-42
1 整体观指导下的全身调节中医学的思路和方法贯穿着整体观 ,人体是有机的统一整体 ,强调全身性疾病 ,全身性调节 ,追求整体最佳 ,这是中医学系统方法的典范 ,具体体现在 :1 1 从整体上认识生理从形神、气血、脏腑、经络等方面掌握了属于人体的系统质的一些重要内容 ,这些内容都不能从孤立的诸器官、组织中找到直接根据 ,是“非加和”的。1 2 从整体上把握病理中医学提出了独特的病理概念“证” ,把疾病如实地理解为致病因素作用于机体的整体的反应 ,从全身考察病因、病机、病位、病性、病证及人体的抗病和修复能力。1 3 从整体上进行诊… 相似文献
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采用认识测试、查阅人类学资料、现场调查和谈话等多种方法探讨了我国不同生产方式、不同地区和不同民族460名成人的分析综合的认知操作和认知方式及其与生态文化因素的关系.认知测试分数的8×2×3的ANOVA协方差分析表明,在分析操作水平上存在着显著的组间差异、性别差异、年龄差异和协变量(现代化影响)的效应;在综合操作上,存在着显著的组间差异、年龄差异和协变量效应;在认知方式上,存在着显著的组间差异和协变量效应.Ste-pwise方法的多重回归分析表明,生态环境艰难程度、生产方式所决定的食物贮存程度、社会结构的紧密性、社会化的倾向性和现代化影响是预测被试认知操作和认知方式的有效因素.研究结果与“中国人认知操作和认知方式与生态文化关系”的理论模式所提出的预测基本一致,即研究结果支持了该理论模式. 相似文献
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认知方式及其相关理论的探析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
认知方式是连接认知和个性的理想桥梁之一。认知方式与认知策略、学习方式之间的含义是有本质区别的。斯腾伯格对认知方式进行了多年的研究,并提出了富有创意的认知方式理论一心理自我控制理论。 相似文献
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认知操作、认知方式与外倾性人格特质的关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对28名外倾被试和28名内倾被试进行实验性认知测试,以考察认知操作、认知方式与外倾性人格特质的关系。结果表明,内外倾被试在含有社会认知操作、非社会认知操作的认知任务的测试总分上没有差异,而在社会认知一非社会认知方式的评价分数上存在显著差异。外倾被试更多地倾向于社会认知型认知方式,内倾被试更多地倾向于非社会认知型认知方式。研究结果支持了外倾性与智力关系的假设:外倾性与社会认知一非社会认知的认知方式存在相关关系,而与认知操作测试总分无关。 相似文献
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该研究采用2×2的被试间实验设计,探讨了认知风格和信息呈现方式对认知负荷的影响。研究结果表明:信息呈现方式对学习时间有显著的影响;认知风格对学习者的认知负荷有显著的影响;认知风格和信息呈现方式无显著的交互作用;学习时间、心理努力量和材料难度具有一致性,但它们可能对不同的认知负荷敏感,即学习时间可能反映了总认知负荷量,心理努力量和材料难度可能分别对内在和有效认知负荷敏感。 相似文献
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为了研究中关成人基本认知能力的年龄差异,采用西亚图纵向研究模型的方法对中关被试5种基本认知能力进行测量。结果发现,不同文化下5种能力的成绩存在显著的年龄差异。并且这种差异不能完全用教育上的差异来解释。年龄较大被试在所有基本能力测验上成绩较低。男性被试在归纳推理、空间和数字能力上成绩较好,女性被试在语义和词语流畅性测验上成绩较好。研究表明文化环境和历史等因素对成人认知发展具有一定的影响。 相似文献
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There is a growing body of evidence that suggests that cognitive vulnerabilities to depression or anxiety may lead individuals to generate negative interpersonal life events. However, there has been no study to date that examines the effects of co-occurring vulnerabilities to depression and anxiety. In a sample of 304 participants, we examined the potential interaction of co-occurring negative cognitive style, a vulnerability to depression and looming cognitive style, vulnerability to anxiety. Results indicate that co-occurring cognitive vulnerabilities synergistically predict higher levels of negative interpersonal life events six weeks later, even when controlling for initial levels of stressful life events and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Thus, co-occurring vulnerabilities may have stronger stress generating effects than would be expected from the additive effects of each vulnerability considered separately. This finding highlights the importance of examining cognitive vulnerabilities as interactive effects rather than as individual vulnerabilities. 相似文献
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智力风格的三维模型是Li-fang Zhang和Robert J.Sternberg在风格这个研究领域最近提出的一个整合模型.该模型基于Sternberg心理自我管理理论,并结合以往的风格研究,提出了智力风格的概念,把风格分为三种基本类型,而且认为,大部分风格是价值负荷的;是集特质和状态为一体的,但是大部分是可调整的,所以更倾向于状态性;并且具有跨理论的重叠,但也有其独特性.文章对智力风格三维模型的产生背景、理论来源及主要观点进行了介绍,并探讨了该模型的意义. 相似文献
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Philip E. Tetlock S. Emlen Metz Sydney E. Scott Peter Suedfeld 《Political psychology》2014,35(5):625-634
Conway, Conway, Gornick, and Houck (2014) report a major effort to automate integrative complexity coding. Judging this effort requires researchers to be more explicit in articulating key methodological assumptions about the coding process and theoretical assumptions about the construct. Unresolved issues include: (1) when, and on what basis, we should attribute divergences between human coders and algorithms to overestimations or underestimations by one or the other approach; and (2) to what extent second‐generation algorithms can yield Pareto improvements that reduce errors of both underestimation and overestimation. Further progress in developing natural language processing measures of this cognitive style will require sharper definitions of target constructs: in particular, different types of differentiation (dialectical and elaborative) and integration (hierarchical and flexible) and clearer guidelines for factoring context into assessments. 相似文献
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Jeremy E. C. Genovese Kenneth E. Sparks Kathleen D. Little 《The Journal of genetic psychology》2017,178(5):298-302
The authors tested the hypothesis that there is a correlation between hemispheric cognitive style and ear temperature. A sample of 100 participants completed a measure of hemispheric cognitive style, the Hemispheric Consensus Prediction Profile. Ear temperatures were taken in 2 sessions, 2 times for each ear at each session. Average left ear temperature was subtracted from average right ear temperature as an index of dominant temperature. Only 56 of the participants showed a stable dominant ear temperature. For these 56 participants, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between scores on the Hemispheric Consensus Prediction Profile and tympanic member temperature (Spearman's ρ =.29, 95% CI [.04,.51]). Individuals with a left hemispheric cognitive style tended to have a warmer left tympanic membrane temperature while those with a right hemispheric cognitive style tended to have a warmer right tympanic membrane temperature. Tympanic membrane temperatures are easily obtained using inexpensive and noninvasive technology. The relationship suggested by these findings may open new opportunities for the study of cerebral asymmetry. 相似文献
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This study examined the impact of mood, information framing, and need for cognition on participants' amount of recall and level of confidence in a simulated business‐decision‐making setting. No main effect was obtained for either positive or negative mood. However, in support of the congruity–incongruity hypothesis, participants who received mood‐congruent framing information (positive mood/positive framing and negative mood/negative framing) showed significantly better recall and were significantly less overconfident than those who received mood‐incongruent framing information (positive mood/negative framing and negative mood/positive framing). Yet, congruity–incongruity effects were moderated by decision makers' need for cognition and were obtained only among participants' with a lower cognitive processing requirement. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Ashley M. Shaw Julia Y. Carbonella Kimberly A. Arditte Hall Kiara R. Timpano 《The Journal of psychology》2017,151(6):532-546
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) commonly co-occurs with depression, resulting in heightened severity and poorer treatment response. Research on the associations between specific obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) and depressive symptoms has utilized measures that have not fully considered the relationship across OCS dimensions. Little is known about which factors explain the overlap between OCS and depressive symptoms. OCS and depressive symptoms may be related via depressive cognitive styles, such as rumination or dampening (i.e., down-regulating positive emotions). We evaluated the associations of OCS dimensions with depressive symptoms and cognitive styles. We also examined the indirect effects of rumination and dampening in the relationship between OCS and depressive symptoms. Participants (N = 250) completed questionnaires online. Greater depressive symptoms, rumination, and dampening were associated with greater levels of all OCS dimensions. Path analysis was utilized to examine a model including the direct effect of depressive symptoms on overall OCS and two indirect effects (through rumination and dampening). There was a significant indirect effect of depressive cognitive styles on the relationship between OCS and depressive symptoms, through rumination and dampening. Replication in a clinical sample and experimental manipulations may bear important implications for targeting depressive cognitive styles in treatments for OCD and depression. 相似文献
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E. J. PÁsaro Méndez R. M. Fernández V. Goyanes J. Méndez 《The Journal of genetic psychology》2013,174(4):433-447
This study focused on the behavioral and cytogenetic aspects of Turner's syndrome. We evaluated the behavioral scores by ESPQ, HSPQ, and TAMAI tests. In the cytogenetic study, six different variables were defined by a chromosome image analysis computer system (Applied Imagine) that assessed changes in band organization and the measurement of mean optical density (MOD) in six G-bands (Xp21, Xq12, Xq21, Xq23, Xq25, Xq27). We studied 33 females with Turner's syndrome and compared them with 30 females individually matched for normal karyotype, short stature, age, and education. Significant differences were found between the two groups. 相似文献