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Zusammenfassung Wie alle Krankenbehandlungen, unterliegt auch die Psychotherapie mehr und mehr den Anforderungen an eine evidenzbasierte Behandlung. Auch wenn man zu Recht aus methodischen Gründen darüber streiten mag, ob sich jede Form der Psychotherapie einer solchen Evidenzbasierung unterziehen kann und sollte, so steht auf der anderen Seite das Recht der Patienten, dass ihnen eine Behandlung angeboten wird, von der man mit größtmöglicher Sicherheit sagen kann, dass sie helfen wird. Dies ist bei Kindern und Jugendlichen umso bedeutender, weil diese noch weniger als Erwachsene in der Lage sein können, die Indikation einer Psychotherapie zu überprüfen. In diesem Beitrag soll es darum gehen, zunächst anhand einiger übergreifender Fragen den Stand der Forschung zusammenzufassen, um abschließend auf einige spezifische Formen der Psychotherapie im Kindes- und Jugendalter einzugehen. Im Rahmen dieses Überblicks können nur zentrale Vertreter einzelner Psychotherapieformen aufgenommen werden.  相似文献   

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Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

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Classical symptoms of hysteria – especially symptoms of hysterical neurosis (conversion type) – are not commonly seen any more. On the one hand, general knowledge about the function of hysterical has led to suppression of the underlying hidden conflicts, possibly up to resomatization. On the other hand, those affected may have rather subtle symptoms, e.g., vague pain, circulatory disorders, or fatigue. Overall, the hysterical phenomena have not become less common but have become “contemporary” and, therefore, more difficult to identify. Reliable epidemiological data, however, are difficult to obtain. Rough estimates indicate that 2–6?% of all people have dissociative disorders (ICD-10 definition). Histrionic personality disorder is estimated to occur with a frequency of 2–3?%. In 75?% of cases, the disease manifests relatively early, between the ages of 17 and 32 years and with a 3:1 female to male ratio. An average of 7 years elapses between first manifestation and the start of psychiatric–psychotherapeutic treatment.  相似文献   

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Hysteria as a classic clinical picture does not exist anymore. It was subdivided into various nosological diseases and hardly occurs in the current classification schemes DSM-IV and ICD-10. If we let Freud’s theories from over a hundred years ago act on us once more, it is impressive how many ideas and hypotheses of modern psychotraumatology can already be found in his early works. Even today, “hysteria” represents a challenge in dealing with the mind–body problem.  相似文献   

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The author postulates the existence of an intense interaction between the analyst’s two families, the historical one of his infancy and the institutional one of his psychoanalytic education. In his opinion they both step into the analyst’s work with his patient on the level of his inner fantasy and to different degrees according to the various moments in the work. He points out that the common element between the infantile experience and the analytic one is the enormous opportunity for profound introjection. There are important moments that favor introjection in the young analyst’s training course which establish and constitute the cultural, theoretical and clinical foundations of his working ego and of his working self. The importance of a thoroughly analyzed separation process from the personal analyst and from the supervisors during the analysis is strongly emphasized.  相似文献   

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First, Piaget’s and Kohlberg’s models of moral development are briefly sketched and some objections rose. Then the cognitive dimension of the development of moral and legal understanding in childhood and adolescence is described. This involves knowledge of moral rules, an understanding of the categorical ought, cognizance of the prima facie validity of moral rules and specific knowlegde systems guiding contextualized rule applications. Data show that all children quite early acquire an adequate basic understanding of moral rules and legal concepts. Several learning mechanisms are at work – sociocognitive development, processes of implicit rule reconstruction, acquisition of knowlegde systems. The following part focusses on moral motivation - its strength and the types of concerns motivating conformity. Moral motivation develops in a second, delayed, differential learning process which only on average shows a steady continuous increase. Individual trajectories often display losses attributable to sociocultural influences.  相似文献   

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艺术的起源与思想的规定   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文首先从语源上揭示了希腊的techne[技艺]的原初含义及其与physis[自然]的共属关系,也即艺术的起源性(本源性)意义,进而分析今日控制论时代由现代科学-技术所规定的人类文化状态和人类存在处境,旨在寻求我们时代艺术和思想应有的姿态。  相似文献   

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本文首先对康德在《纯粹理性批判》中提出的“时间”概念进行了存在论的解读,认为时间在其本质上是指它自身的纯粹激发,而作为纯粹的自身激发,它就构成了主体性自身的有限性本质。这就是说,作为纯粹的自身激发,时间只是一种有限的纯粹直观,而这种直观正是纯粹概念(知性概念)的基础。其次,本文还分析了有限自身的时间特征。由于这种时间特征原初作为预先发生的“前-构成”被包含在一切认同之中,所以,纯粹感性(时间)和纯粹理性都应被包含在这同一个本质的统一性之中,由于这个本质,才使得人的主体性在其整体性上的有限性成为可能。  相似文献   

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