放松训练对心率、T波幅度、心算成绩的影响研究

本实验目的在于探讨放松训练对正常状态和心算应激时心率、T波幅度的影响。实验组接受放松训练,控制组不接受放松训练。结果发现：放松训练使身体常态时的心率显著降低,对心算应激时的心率和T波无显著影响;放松训练降低了心算时心率和心算错误率的方差;实验组的心算速度快,与控制组比较有显著差异。     

不同干预方式、不同应激源对血压、心率的影响

探讨不同干预方式、不同应激源对血压、心率影响的差异。被试为本科生48人,采取干预方式、应激源、实验间期的三因素混合实验设计。干预方式为放松训练和预知,应激源为心算和恐怖影片。实验间期包括基线期、干预期、应激期、恢复期。实验的因变量为每个实验间期的血压和心率。结果显示,心算应激引起的血压和心率升高显著高于恐怖影片应激引起的血压和心率的升高;放松训练组和预知组其干预期的血压和心率值都低于基线期;干预方式和应激源在血压和心率两个指标上交互作用不显著。结果表明,与恐怖情绪引起的紧张相比较,智力操作紧张更容易影响血压和心率;放松训练和预知对于对抗应激时血压和心率升高都起到了一定的作用;不同干预方式对于不同性质的应激源作用没有差别。     

应激干预对不同行为类型大学生心率血压手指温度的影响

探讨应激干预对心率、血压、手指温度的影响及不同行为类型的差异。被试为河北师范大学本科生72人(A、B型各36人),应激干预为音乐放松、腹式呼吸和静坐休息,实验包括基线期-干预期-应激期-恢复期四个阶段,在观看紧张性影片前进行应激前干预,记录被试的心率、血压、手指温度。结果发现,就缓解应激所产生的交感神经活动增强来说,音乐放松效果较好,腹式呼吸也明显优于自然休息;行为类型（A、B）和应激干预大多表现出来交互作用;个体生理反应的性别差异与生理指标有关,基线值的性别差异较大时,男女生的生理数据不宜混合在一起,基线值相差不大时,可以用相对值（如变化值或变化率）进行统计处理。说明行为类型（A、B）对于应激而言是一种微调变量,在自然休息状态或者低应激水平下作用更明显,应激水平较高时,行为类型的调节作用会显著降低;不同应激干预适用不同行为类型个体     

应激干预对抑郁症患者心率变异性的影响

探讨分别以放松训练和静坐两种干预方式对抗心算对抑郁症患者心率变异性的影响 ,以及正常人、单纯抑郁症患者和伴焦虑症状的抑郁症患者在心率变异性上的差异.结果显示,静息状态下伴焦虑症状的抑郁症患者的交感神经功能亢进,兴奋性高于另外两组;放松训练可以缓解交感神经的紧张程度,并能够较静坐更好得对抗应激引起的交感神经活动增强;静坐对单纯抑郁症患者和对照组有放松作用,但引起伴焦虑症状的抑郁症患者紧张情绪.     

不同干预方法对应激时身心状态的影响

选取72名被试,随机分配到对照组、腹式呼吸组和忽视调节组中。采用重复一个因素的三因素混合实验设计,测量被试基线期、干预期、应激期、恢复期的指温、收缩压和应激前后的主观感受,探讨不同干预方法对应激的干预效果。结果表明,腹式呼吸能够降低男生的心血管反应,忽视调节能够降低女生的主观体验,同时也表明,个体生理反应升高并不必然伴随主观体验的升高。     

腹式呼吸对皮肤温度影响的初步探讨

1　问题的提出　　自主神经系统分为交感神经系统和副交感神经系统 ,这两个系统交互抑制。Cannon(1936 )等人的研究已经证明 :心理压力 (stress)和情绪应激可使自主神经系统发生改变 ,从而导致心率、心输出量、血压等发生明显的变化。目前 ,随着生活节奏的加快 ,引起应激的因素越来越多 ,遭受紧张刺激在人生中是不可避免的。所以人们找出一些放松方法来应对应激引起的生理反应。腹式呼吸就是激发放松反应的有效途径之一。交感神经系统支配着血管壁的平滑肌 ,使之产生舒张和收缩 ,其兴奋性下降 ,手指血管平滑肌舒张 ,手指血流量增大 ,手温升…     

呼吸训练对心血管反应性及指温影响的研究

Delmonte(1985)的研究发现,静默可以使被试的心率、血压水平、皮肤电阻水平显著下降。Hans Zeier(1984)的研究也得到了类似的结果。Kistler(1998)等人认为指尖温度是自主神经系统活动反应的指标。Gwent,Pearson等人(1991)在进行心率研究时发现。内倾者比外倾者表现出较大的反应。我们在行为治疗中发现。腹式呼吸可以使被试手指温度持续上升。升高的时间和保持长度优于自生训练,皮肤温度升高与心血管反应性有关,为探讨腹式呼吸对心血管反应性的影响而提出本课题。     

心理性应激对人体血压、心率、呼吸及血浆、脑脊液中精氨酸加压素免疫活性物质含量的影响

外伤性下肢畸形的12名患者,术前第三天和麻醉前,分别测量血压、心率和呼吸频率,同时用放射免疫分析法测定血浆、脑脊液中精氨酸加压素(AVP)的含量。实验结果表明,麻醉前收缩压、舒张压均显著升高,心率明显增快;AVP含量,血浆中降低,脑脊液中升高,两者呈负性相关(r_s=-0.656)。这提示心理性应激,可影响植物性神经系统活动,导致心血管功能的改变;加压素可能在心理性应激中发挥一定的作用。     

体操运动员应激反应特点的研究

情绪紧张或应激状态可引起一系列生理生化反应。但是后天的训练和应激经验能否影响这些反应尚所知不多。本实验比较了运动员与非运动员在实验室内完成一复杂辨别反应时,即在与运动无关的应激状态下尿内儿茶酚胺的分泌量、心率、心律、呼吸率和呼吸积分等变化的异同。发现在紧张性作业时运动员尿内几茶酚胺的分泌仅有小量的不显著的增加,而非运动员则有显著增加。运动员和非运动员尿内儿茶酚胺分泌量差别显著。在紧张性作业时运动员和非运动员的心率均有显著增加,R—R间期标准差则均变小。运动员的心率在休息或作业时均比非运动员慢,R—R间期标准差则均大于相应条件下非运动员的。紧张性作业时运动员和非运动员呼吸率均明显增加,作为相对呼吸流量的呼吸积分值均显著下降。运动员的呼吸积分值均低于相应条件下非运动员的,但两组间差异未达显著水平。结果表明后天的训练和应激经验对机体在应激状态下尿内几茶酚胺分泌量、心率、心律、相对呼吸流量等生理反应有不同程度的影响。     

不同强度的痛觉刺激对内、外倾者心率、T波幅度影响的初步研究

本文旨在探讨内、外倾者在三种不同强度痛觉刺激下心率、T波幅度的变化。通过艾森克个性问卷筛选出15名内倾者和15名外倾者,以8mA、12mA、16mA的电流引起痛觉。实验结果表明,刺激后30秒内．在12mA、16mA痛觉刺激下．内倾组心率反应值与基础值差异显著．外倾组差异不显著;在12mA刺激下．内、外倾组心率变化差异显著。从心率变化上看。两组被试对痛觉刺激均表现出适应,内倾组的适应速度比外倾组慢。在各强度痛觉刺激条件下．二组T波幅度均未随刺激量增大发生显著变化。本实验表明,心脏T波幅度对痛刺激不敏感。     

心算对内外倾者的心率、T波幅度和呼吸频率的影响

该文旨在探讨内、外倾者在三种不同难度心算时,心率、Ｔ波幅度、呼吸频率变化的差异。通过艾森克个性问卷筛选出１５名内倾者和１５名外倾者作为被试,让其完成三种不同难度的心算任务。实验结果表明,心算时两组被试心率均显著上升,内倾组上升幅度大于外倾组;Ｔ波幅度显著降低,内倾组降低幅度大于外倾组但差异不显著;呼吸频率显著上升,但两组上升幅度差异不显著。此外,从心率变化上看,两组被试对心算均表现出适应,内倾组的适应速度比外倾组慢。本实验表明,焦虑性精神紧张比智力操作性精神紧张对心率的影响更大。     

生物反馈放松训练和表象训练在飞行训练中的应用研究

本研究试用生物反馈放松训练和表象训练相结合方法,减轻飞行学员的精神紧张及有关的生理反应、２６名２０—２２岁的男性飞行学员,实验、对照组各１３名、实验组学员每次飞行后进行一次肌电生物反馈放松训练和起落航线表象训练,共１６次;对照组学员参加日常飞行训练不加任何干预。实验前后实验组及对照组学员进行黑红数字测试,记录其测试前后的血压、心率;第一次升空及单飞考核飞行后也记录他们的血压和心率。结果表明,实验组学员的单飞考核成绩优于对照组;实验织学员单飞考核后的收缩压及第二次黑红数字测试后的收缩压比实验前显著降低;而对照组的前述生理指标无变化。生物反馈放松训练和表象训练能有效地减轻飞行中的紧张情绪及其生理反应,适于在飞行部队应用。     

Instructional, pacing, and feedback control of respiratory behavior.

Procedures designed to affect respiration rate and amplitude were assessed for 4 groups of 8 subjects each. The groups were exposed to combinations of procedures providing feedback for decreasing respiration amplitude, pacing respiration rate, and instructions on rate and amplitude of breathing. After an initial baseline, effects were examined during both treatment and self-management phases for respiratory activity and concurrent heart-rate and electromyogram activity. Reliable effects of pacing on respiration rate, and a slight, but non-significant effect on amplitude were observed. No effects were observed for any heart-rate or electromyogram measures.     

A single session of meditation reduces of physiological indices of anger in both experienced and novice meditators

The goal of the present study was to explore how anger reduction via a single session of meditation might be measured using psychophysiological methodologies. To achieve this, 15 novice meditators (Experiment 1) and 12 practiced meditators (Experiment 2) completed autobiographical anger inductions prior to, and following, meditation training while respiration rate, heart rate, and blood pressure were measured. Participants also reported subjective anger via a visual analog scale. At both stages, the experienced meditators’ physiological reaction to the anger induction reflected that of relaxation: slowed breathing and heart rate and decreased blood pressure. Naïve meditators exhibited physiological reactions that were consistent with anger during the pre-meditation stage, while after meditation training and a second anger induction they elicited physiological evidence of relaxation. The current results examining meditation training show that the naïve group’s physiological measures mimicked those of the experienced group following a single session of meditation training.     

Temperature self-regulation and relaxation with migraine patients and normals

Ten migraine headache subjects and 10 non-migraine subjects were divided equally into two groups: a progressive relaxation group and a finger temperature biofeedback group. Finger temperature, temporal artery pulse amplitude and forehead blood flow were monitored for all subjects during two baseline and six treatment sessions.

The biofeedback group achieved greater (albeit low magnitude) increases in finger temperature than the relaxation group, but no improvement in headache activity was obtained. However the relaxation group improved significantly in terms of headache intensity.

There was no significant difference in the ability to achieve finger temperature control, nor in stability point temperatures, between the migraine and non-migraine subjects.

No systematic relationship was found between finger temperature, forehead blood volume and temporal artery pulse amplitude. Possible mechanisms of the therapeutic effects of finger temperature training are examined in the light of these results.     

Respiratory Patterns in Students Enrolled in Schools for Disruptive Behaviour Before, During, and After Yoga Nidra Relaxation

This study investigated the effects of one session of Yoga Nidra (relaxation technique) on the breathing patterns/respiratory effort in the thoracic and abdominal chest regions of boys with disruptive behaviour using a Respiratory Inductive Plethysmography (RIP). The participants (n?=?7) were aged 10–15?years and attending NSW, Department of Education (DET) special schools for children with disruptive behaviour (DB). Results were compared with three students (one female) aged 15?years without DB. The seven boys had previously participated in a 13-week yoga program. During this program participants were progressively taught the practice of Yoga Nidra. The comparison group did not participate in the yoga program but underwent the same procedure for collection of data as the yoga group. Using Compumedics “ProFusion Polysomnography (PSG)” software and further analyses in “Polyman” European Data Format?+?(EDF), data were analysed by identifying breathing as unstable or stable. Unstable breathing was identified as fluctuations in rate/s of breathing effort, amplitude, cessation of breath, and thoracic or abdominal predominance. Results indicated that boys with disruptive behaviour generally displayed unstable breathing patterns throughout the pre-recording period and showed more stable breathing during Yoga Nidra compared with pre- or post-recording periods. There were also examples of reductions in thoracic dominance during Yoga Nidra. The comparison group’s breathing patterns throughout the three phases of the process were found to be stable.     

Effects of instructions and biofeedback on EEG-alpha production and the effects of EEG-alpha biofeedback training for controlling arousal in a subsequent stressful situation

In Phase One, 44 subjects participated in a 2 (instructions to increase alpha, no instructions to increase alpha) × 2 (alpha biofeedback, no alpha biofeedback) factorial experiment. Results indicated that increases in alpha production were due to instructions to increase alpha and that biofeedback had no effect on alpha production. In Phase Two, the 44 subjects from Phase One were exposed to a threat of shock whereas 11 additional subjects in a control condition were not. The design employed in Phase Two was a 2 (previous instructions and stress, no previous instructions and stress) × 2 (previous biofeedback and stress, no previous biofeedback and stress) plus 1 (no previous instructions/no previous biofeedback, no stress). Results indicated that the threat of shock was effective in increasing arousal (as measured by heart rate and skin resistance) but previous EEG-alpha biofeedback training was not effective in helping subjects decrease arousal while in the stressful situation. The results indicate that it is the instructions (and related information concerning alpha) rather than the biofeedback that is critical in alpha biofeedback training and that this training does not appear to have utility for controlling arousal under stress.