初中生亲子关系特性的研究

以自编初中生亲子关系量表对580名初一、初二和初三学生进行了测查。结果表明: (1)初中生亲子关系总体特征是,依恋性高,控制性较高,亲密性、自主性和冲突性较低,平等性处于中等水平。 (2)初中生亲子关系在多方面表现出显著的发展特征,初二、初三年级是一个特殊的时期。亲密性在初二年级开始显著下降;自主性从初二年级起开始直线上升;在初三年级,对平等性的知觉开始显著下降,而冲突性则开始显著增加。 (3)初中生亲子关系特性在多方面受到子代性别、亲代性别及其交互作用的影响。     

BERNARD MELAND ON THE NEW FORMATIVE IMAGERY OF OUR TIME

Abstract. One of the key influences on radical empiricist theology, the thought of Bernard Meland is a challenge to overemphasis on precision and rigor of proof. This article (1) provides an introduction to Meland, (2) summarizes his view of the significance of post-Newtonian physics and of Darwin for religion, (3) discusses his relationship to Henry Nelson Wieman, and (4) assesses his contribution to current discussion in science and theology.     

VALUING OUR SELVES

No abstract available for this article.     

OUR COSMIC HERITAGE

Abstract. My conclusions are threefold: The subject of cosmic evolution is my religion. The process of change itself (especially developmental change) is my God. And global ethics and a planetary culture, which cosmic evolution mandates, are the key to the survival of technologically competent life forms, both here on Earth and perhaps elsewhere in the Universe.     

MAKING OUR OWN LUCK

It has been contended that we can never be truly responsible for anything we do: we do what we do because of the way we are, so we cannot be responsible for what we do unless we are responsible for the way we are; and we cannot be responsible for the way we are when we first make decisions in life, so we can never become responsible for the way we are later in life. This article argues that in our consciously chosen actions we respond rationally to whole ‘gestalt’ experiences in ways that cannot be pre‐determined by pre‐choice circumstances and laws of nature and/or computational rules; and that this means we are partly responsible for what we do, even if we are not responsible for the way we are.     

GENDER DIVISION OF TASKS BY PARENTS AND THEIR CHILDREN

The division of parenting tasks between wives and husbands was explored in a sample of 279 Australian families containing a 9–1 1-year-old child, and the children's performance of household tasks was compared with their parents' division of labor. Three parenting factors (domestic care, leisure/enrichment, and psychological), and four child factors (handyman, domestic, maturity, and babysitting) were obtained. Mothers were more active than fathers on all three parenting factors, but significant differences were found between parents of differing SES and cultural backgrounds. Among children, the greatest sex difference was found on the handyman factor, where boys greatly outperformed girls. Boys' performance on this factor was not related to parental division of labor or social background, but girls' performance was higher when they were only children and when they lived in higher SES families. Girls outperformed boys on the domestic and maturity factors. Parenting style, SES, and cultural background also were significantly related to these factor scores. Apart from child's sex, cultural background was the strongest predictor of children's task performance.     

残疾儿童的父母如何调适心路历程

残疾儿童给其父母的心路历程造成了极其重要的影响,这些父母心理调适的好坏在很大程度上决定了残疾儿童的发展,分析了残疾儿童父母心理历程的阶段性和残疾儿童的父母如何进行心理调适。最后指出了特殊教育工作者的职责。     

WHO APPRECIATES FAMILY-RESPONSIVE HUMAN RESOURCE POLICIES: THE IMPACT OF FAMILY-FRIENDLY POLICIES ON THE ORGANIZATIONAL ATTACHMENT OF PARENTS AND NON-PARENTS

The 1991 General Social Survey of 745 randomly selected workers in the United States assessed the impact of family-responsive human resource policies, such as parental leave, flexible schedules, and child care assistance on organizational attachment. Employees who had access to family-responsive policies showed significantly greater organizational committment and expressed significantly lower intention to quit their jobs. Additionally, child care information referral had a greater impact on affective commitment among employees eligible for that benefit. The data supported the theory that offering assistance to employees in need symbolizes concern for employees and positively influences attachment to the organization. The contrasting theoretical explanation–that people are more attached to companies when they individually benefit from progressive human resource policies–received considerably less support. The practical implication of the study for human resource management professionals is that providing comprehensive family-friendly policies may have a positive impact beyond the individual employees who tap these benefits.     

COMMUNICATION SKILLS TRAINING FOR PARENTS: EXPERIMENTAL AND SOCIAL VALIDATION

Coordination of professional services on behalf of children often hinges on the involvement of informed parents. The purposes of this study were to identify and experimentally and socially validate skills required of parents for effective communication with professionals. Target skills were identified on the basis of judges' social validation ratings of (a) sample interactions between parents and professionals and (b) the behaviors comprising a resultant task analysis. Eight parents were then trained in these skills via an instructional package. Results of a multiple baseline design across subjects and grouped skill domains showed that each parent acquired the targeted skills during simulated conferences and that correct responding usually generalized to actual conferences. Independent judges validated training outcomes, and participating parents indicated satisfaction with the curriculum.