医疗卫生产业组织研究与卫生政策

产业组织理论是经济学的重要分支之一,卫生经济的发展需要借鉴它的手段和方法,需要研究医疗卫生产业组织的相关问题.农村新型合作医疗的建立和发展,城市医疗卫生服务体系的再造,都离不开医疗卫生产业组织研究.市场,特别是非完全竞争的医疗服务市场,它的市场结构、市场主体行为和市场绩效之间内在的本质联系,是卫生政策能够发生应有效力的作用点.     

波前相差引导的个体化切削治疗近视

角膜的个体化切削是在PRK、LASIK、LASEK的基础上发展起来的一种新的屈光手术技术.其最大的优点是根据不同眼的特点对角膜进行切削,使其达到最佳的视觉效果.现回顾角膜屈光手术的发展,并运用哲学原理对个体化切削的依据、技术创新及其具体应用加以综述.     

区域卫生规划与卫生资源配置

区域卫生规划与卫生资源配置的关系密不可分,同时也是解决医疗保健供需平衡的重大举措和主要手段。首先提出了区域卫生规划的现实意义和基本理论,并分析了建立区域卫生规划对解决以上问题怎样产生积极的影响。     

超越心理健康：精神健康的追求

区别于一般心理概念的、狭义的精神概念有三个特征:终极关怀、内发自生以及自由意志。诸如精神信仰危机、生活目标迷茫等区别于传统心理问题的精神问题已经成为现代人的顽疾。现代心理健康标准开始关注并尝试吸纳精神健康。精神健康是21世纪的健康主题,现代人不应仅仅满足于生理和心理的健康,还应寻求更高层次的精神健康。     

超越心理健康:精神健康的追求

区别于一般心理概念的、狭义的精神概念有三个特征:终极关怀、内发自生以及自由意志.诸如精神信仰危机、生活目标迷茫等区别于传统心理问题的精神问题已经成为现代人的顽疾.现代心理健康标准开始关注并尝试吸纳精神健康.精神健康是21世纪的健康主题,现代人不应仅仅满足于生理和心理的健康,还应寻求更高层次的精神健康.     

Health statistics

Facing the Figures: What is Really Happening to the NHS, by the BSSRS Radical Statistics Group, 1987, 191 pages, £3.95 (25 Horsell Road, London N5 1XL)     

Mental Health

No abstract available for this article.     

Positive Health

I propose a new field: positive health. Positive health describes a state beyond the mere absence of disease and is definable and measurable. Positive health can be operationalised by a combination of excellent status on biological, subjective, and functional measures. By mining existing longitudinal studies, we can test the hypothesis that positive health predicts increased longevity (correcting for quality of life), decreased health costs, better mental health in aging, and better prognosis when illness strikes. Those aspects of positive health which specifically predict these outcomes then become targets for new interventions and refinements of protocol. I propose that the field of positive health has direct parallels to the field of positive psychology, parallels that suggest that a focus on health rather than illness will be cost saving and life saving. Finally, I suggest a different mode of science, the Copenhagen‐Medici model, used to found positive psychology, as an appropriate way of beginning the flagship explorations for positive health. Je propose de créer un nouveau domaine d’investigations: la santé positive. La santé positive désigne une condition définissable et mesurable qui se situe au‐delà de la simple absence de maladie. Elle peut être opérationnalisée par une combinaison de scores excellents sur les dimensions biologiques, subjectives et fonctionnelles. On peut, sur la base des études longitudinales existantes, mettre à l’épreuve l’hypothèse que la santé positive annonce une longévité accrue (ce qui renvoie à la qualité de vie), une réduction des coûts liés à la santé, une meilleure santé mentale lors du vieillissement et un pronostic plus favorable en cas de maladie. Ces facettes de la santé positive qui prédisent spécifiquement de telles conséquences deviennent des objectifs pour de nouvelles interventions et une amélioration du protocole. Je pense que le domaine de la santé positive est en liaison directe avec celui de la psychologie positive, liens qui suggèrent que le fait de se focaliser sur la santé plutôt que sur la maladie réduira les coûts tout en allongeant la vie. J’introduis en dernière analyse un nouveau type de connaissance, le modèle Copenhague‐Médicis, utilisé pour fonder la psychologie positive, comme outil pertinent pour initier des travaux majeurs pour la promotion de la santé positive.     

卫生技术评估在医疗领域的开展

介绍了卫生技术评估的基本概念以及对医疗卫生领域的影响,并指出在开展评估过程中应注意的几个问题.     

卫生技术评估在医疗领域的开展

介绍了卫生技术评估的基本概念以及对医疗卫生领域的影响,并指出在开展评估过程中应注意的几个问题。     

关注健康公平,保障健康权益

在卫生改革与发展的过程中,健康公平与健康权益的问题不断引出争论,而且,出现的许多新问题也都与健康公平相关.获得基本医疗服务对于全体居民来说,并不仅仅具有提高劳动力素质的意义,而且还是人们充分发挥自身潜力的一个前提,是人们参与社会经济政治决策过程的一个前提,有着超出个人投资回报的社会效益.因此,在卫生改革过程中应该关注健康公平,合理保护居民的健康权益.     

Health Promotion,Health Locus of Control,and Health Behavior: Two Field Experiments1

In spite of a sizable body of research on the effects of information promotions on health knowledge and health behavior, relatively little is known about how such efforts affect change (or why they do not). This paper addresses that problem by exploring the particular role that health locus of control (HLC) beliefs play in individual responses to health promotion efforts aimed at encouraging preventive health behaviors. Two field experiments are presented. The first experiment examined the extent to which HLC beliefs are related to differences in individual levels of health knowledge following the distribution of an informational booklet on health. Internals high on health value who received the information booklet demonstrated greater health knowledge three months later than did other subjects, although this difference was greater among men than among women. The second experiment explored how HLC beliefs interact with differently framed “control” messages to promote behavior change in breast self-examination (BSE). HLC beliefs interacted with the control language of the BSE promotional message and a neutral reminder to affect subsequent BSE practice. Together, these studies suggest a more influential role for health locus of control beliefs in shaping responses to health messages than has previously been documented in field settings.     

Religiousness, Health, and Health Behavior in Public-Use Data of the National Center for Health Statistics

Studies of religiousness and health-related variables in large, population-based cross-sectional or, preferably, longitudinal studies, which are often prohibitively expensive, are important to complement findings from the more commonly performed studies. Inadequately known among social science researchers, the national health surveys of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) offer large, high-quality data sets to the public at no or nominal cost and hence offer important opportunities for research in the area of religion and health, religion and reproductive behavior, sociology of religion and psychology of religion. This report provides an overview of the data sets and a bibliography of prior research using these data, which is intended to suggest how the data of NCHS may be further exploited by researchers of religiousness and health.

Health Literacy,Health Inequality and a Just Healthcare System

Limited health literacy is a pervasive and independent risk factor for poor health outcomes. Despite decades of reports exhibiting that the healthcare system is overly complex, unneeded complexity remains commonplace and endangers the lives of patients, especially those with limited health literacy. In this article, we define health literacy and describe the empirical evidence associating health literacy and poor health outcomes. We recast the issue of poor health literacy from within the ethical perspective of the least well-off and argue that poor health outcomes deriving from limited health literacy ought to be understood as a fundamental injustice of the healthcare system. We offer three proposals that attempt to rectify this injustice, including: universal precautions that presume limited health literacy for all healthcare users; expanded use of technology supported communication; and clinical incentives that account for limited health literacy.