Introductory Remarks

The Psychological Record -     

拉丁美洲的解放神学与解放哲学

本文梳理了拉丁美洲解放神学和解放哲学的出发点、历史处境、基本特征和其发展的不同阶段,分析了解放神学和解放哲学内部不同派别的分野所在,并讨论了这些派别与马克思主义的关系,通过解放神学和解放哲学说明真宗教对拉丁美洲被压迫人民的解放作出了自己的贡献.     

Philosophy in America: Remarks on John McCumber's Time in the Ditch: American Philosophy and the McCarthy Era

John McCumber is right to think that analytic philosophy has had a particularly central and dominating position in American philosophy, and that philosophy is less significant in American public life than in the public life of many European countries. I believe he is wrong to think that American philosophers have turned to analytical work in order to escape being politically relevant, and that he is wrong to suppose that prominent academic philosophy is something to wish for.     

Introduction: Some Remarks on History,Philosophy, and Education

Studies in Philosophy and Education -     

Some Remarks on Exploring the History of Women in Philosophy

A discussion of the status of work on the history of women in philosophy and an introduction to the special issue of HYPATIA on the history of women in philosophy.     

Philosophy of education: Introductory studies

Studies in Philosophy and Education -     

Philosophy and Laughter: Introductory Notes

Until recently, few philosophers worked on laughter, and it was typically viewed negatively. However, the last four decades have witnessed a significant increase in philosophical writings about and positive views of laughter. This introductory paper attempts to show that, in line with this development, contributions to this special issue explore various fresh theoretical, thematic, historical, and critical aspects of laughter and its relation to philosophy. These contributions can be divided roughly into two intersecting groups, with one group focused on the theoretical, thematic, and historical exploration of laughter, and the other on critical social and moral issues of laughter. They demonstrate how laughter matters to philosophers as a serious philosophical subject, and they take care to distinguish objectionable types of laughter from its constructive uses as social and moral critique and facilitator.     

生物库与伦理:一个新兴领域的介绍性评论

为了满足处理和管理人体组织、样本以及相关数据的需要,"生物库"应运而生.作为一种新兴的事物,它为伦理上的管理与能力建设提供了绝好的机会,它把国际上先进的技术与一个地区(如中国)的特殊需要结合在一起,使之发展为一个国际性的和跨学科的整合系统,以此来建构一个健康的现代社会.     

Mormon Fertility in Latin America

While previous research has identified religion as an influence of fertility, how context changes the nature of that relationship remains little understood. Using census data from Brazil, Chile and Mexico, this study examines whether the high fertility pattern of one pronatalist, American-born religion (The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints [LDSs]) translates to the Latin American context. Results indicate that it does, but only among a subgroup as the pronatalist pattern is masked by member’s educational attainment and mixed religion marriages. When these attributes are accounted for LDS fertility is high in Latin America, especially among the more educated. This study highlights both the importance of member characteristics in influencing fertility and the role of selective recruiting in determining how and whether these characteristics vary by context.     

Counseling: a new priority in Latin America

Despite burgeoning enthusiasm in Latin American countries for educational guidance and vocational counseling, Latin American efforts in these areas are not often mentioned in the U.S. professional literature. This brief survey with an annotated bibliography is an effort to inform counselors about some of the recent developments in Latin America that relate to their profession. The article explains some of the underlying social, cultural, and educational conditions that have helped shape recent trends, and the authors sketch the increasing use of innovative apprenticeship training and student loan programs, which have greatly increased demands for the provision of guidance services in recent years. Despite the problem of underprofessionalization, the field of vocational guidance and counseling is growing in importance in the Latin American countries.     

Psychology in Latin America: Historical reflections and perspectives

The present paper describes some of the most relevant events in the development of psychology in Latin America. After proposing a synthesis of antecedents, the paper addresses some scientific and professional activities leading to the birth of scientific psychology in several Latin American countries during the last decade of the 19th century. Next, the paper describes the foundation of university‐level institutions for education and professional training of psychologists during the first half of the 20th century. Finally, some reflections comment on the mechanisms which led to the creation and maintenance of several scientific communities contributing to a thriving contemporary Latin American psychology.     

Expressions of Evangelism in Latin America

The purpose of this article is to explore the expressions of evangelism that are emerging in Latin America within the Evangelical‐Pentecostal context of the continent. We will do this by approaching our subject from the perspective of change, religious mutation and transformational change: we will first refer to the shift in evangelism and mission perspective in Latin America. We will explore the shift in numerical growth, then will deal with the shift in the concept and praxis of evangelism. This will be followed by a discussion on the shift from Western forms in church liturgy, music and hymnology to more contextual and indigenous expressions. Finally, I will refer to the shift toward holistic practices in times of turmoil and violence.     

Liberation social psychology: learning from Latin America

Liberation Social Psychology (la psicología social de la liberación, LSP) has developed amongst a body of psychologists in Latin America over the last decade. There has been no survey of the field in English, although some of the ideas are of relevance for those working with oppressed groups elsewhere in the world. This article explores the context in which LSP grew from the work of Ignacio Martín‐Baró and was developed by Maritza Montero, amongst others. Within LSP, key concepts emerge, including ‘conscientization’, ‘realismo‐crítico’, ‘de‐ideologization’, a social orientation, ‘the preferential option for the oppressed majorities’ and methodological eclecticism. The application of LSP is explored with reference to three domains. First, it is suggested that community social psychology as practised in some parts of Latin America reflects LSP in its emphasis on social transformation and participatory methods. Second, psycho‐social work with victims of state oppression, which adopts a highly social and societal orientation embodies LSP. Third, social analyses which explicitly adopt socio‐psychological‐political analyses of the social realities confronting countries in Latin America embrace, in different ways, principles and concepts of LSP. Some of the challenges facing LSP are discussed and open dialogue is encouraged between LSP and critical, community and applied social psychologists. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.