The educational theorists, the teachers, and their history of education

The following contribution expands the current discussion on the status and function of the history of education at the methodological, or epistemological, level by introducing the perspective of a history of educational knowledge. This opens up a theoretical option for educational historiography that avoids the identification of history of education with history of a discipline, or the institutionalized knowledge of education and teaching. As a consequence, some history of education topoi – as the history of a discipline – can be called into question and practiced historically rather than educationally or morally.     

Employees’ perception of diversity management practices: scale development and validation

Scholars and practitioners are paying increasing attention to diversity management (DM). Despite this increase and an expanding literature, there exists a lack of psychometrically sound scales to measure DM practices and none that capture employees’ perception of DM practices (EPDMP). This dearth in literature has thus hindered DM research. To fill the gap, in the present paper, using a qualitative study and 3 quantitative studies in a sample of 590 employees across various sectors in the UK, a 9-item uni-dimensional EPDMP scale is developed and validated. Results from content adequacy, reliability, convergent, discriminant, nomological and incremental predictive validity assessments provide support for the measures use in diagnostic and theory testing efforts. This paper concludes with a discussion of the implications for theory, management practice and future research.     

态度及其与行为模式述评

态度一直是社会心理学的核心问题,态度对于预测行为具有重要作用。本文阐述了态度的界定、态度的结构模型及态度预测行为模型的各种理论,在这些理论的基础上,提出了态度预测行为的另一模型。     

Eine Welt ohne Individuelle EntitÄten?

A world without individual entities? An advice to not to extract immediate ontological consequences from quantum theory. Should we assume a world without individual entities? I pledge not to extract immediate ontological consequences from quantum theory. My intention is to focus on the complexity of ontological concepts commonly associated with quantum theory. Using as an example the compatibility of EPR correlations with the existence of individual entities, it is shown that an absolute rejection of an ontological category, based on some aspects of the formalism of quantum theory, does not seem reasonable. A consequence of this argument is that the common sense view – the world is composed of individual entities – can be maintained, despite of the particularities of quantum mechanics.     

新编中国基督教通史的几点看法

从20世纪90年代以来,笔者所见国内外发表的论述有关中国基督教史研究状况的文章有10多篇①。这些文章对笔者写作本文多有启发,如比利时钟鸣旦教授撰写的《基督教在华传播史研究的新趋势》,旨在以近年来重要的范式变换为出发点,分梳剖析基督教在华传播史研究领域内新近出现的一些趋势;香港建道神学院邢福增博士撰写的《近代中国基督教史的研究趋向——以美国及台湾为例》一文,从较宏观的角度回顾并评检美国及中国台湾地区在近代中国基督教史方面的研究范式转换和趋向,提出了建立“中国基督教史学统”的观点。不过,这些文章虽然也涉及如何编撰中国基督教通史的问题,但并非从多角度专门论述编撰规范问题。本文在参考相关论述的基础上,经过认真考虑,提出从指导思想、研究方法、体裁与体例、内容与分期、文献资料、语言及翻译问题、编写队伍等7个方面思考编撰中国基督教通史的规范问题的建议,以期引起进一步讨论。     

内隐社会态度的矛盾现象研究

内隐社会态度的矛盾指个体可同时存在对同一对象内隐的积极的和消极的评价。研究采用1AT方法,证明内隐社会态度存在着矛盾现象,并探索这种现象存在的证据,并试图整合态度作为“预存评价”和“背景依赖性结构”的观点．以探讨内隐社会态度的本质。     

Collective student characteristics alter the effects of teaching practices on academic outcomes

The goal of this study was to examine the influence of collective student characteristics (academic skills and task persistence at the beginning of first grade) and different teaching practices (child-centered, teacher-directed, and child-dominated) on the development of academic skills and task persistence during the first two years in school. We hypothesized that teaching practices would differentially impact the development of academic skills and task persistence depending on the collective needs of the classroom. Participants were 523 students (273 boys) from 32 classrooms across Estonia. By using multilevel modeling, we found several interactions indicating that both contextual influences are important in determining subsequent academic functioning and task persistence but that some teaching practices are more beneficial depending on the collective starting point of students. These findings highlight the importance of studying different contextual influences hand in hand when trying to understand what enhances young children's academic development.     

Theory as a Tool in the Social Scientific Study of Religion and Martin Riesebrodt's The Promise of Salvation

No single paradigm or debate currently orients the social scientific study of religion. Because of this, those engaged in the multidisciplinary study of religion find that a public conversation is often difficult. In this article and the Forum it introduces, we explore Martin Riesebrodt's recently published book, The Promise of Salvation: A Theory of Religion. Responding to the inadequacies of secularization paradigms, rational choice models, and postmodern criticism, Riesebrodt proposes an approach that ideal‐typically reconstructs the subjective meanings of institutionalized religious practices (liturgies). These subjective meanings center on the prevention and management of crises—social, natural, and bodily—through appeal and access to superhuman powers. This pragmatic emphasis on the superhuman defines religion as a distinct sphere of social action transhistorically and transculturally. Riesebrodt's theory creates new analytical possibilities, especially for understanding the modern resurgence of religion under conditions of secularization.     

History of the Association of Medical School Psychologists (AMSP), 1982–2005

This paper presents a brief history of the Association of Medical School Psychologists (AMSP) from the Association’s beginning in 1982 to the present day. Prior to 1982, there had been several unsuccessful efforts to form an association that would represent psychologists in academic medical centers. Attempts by psychiatry to limit the growing number and influence of psychologists in medical schools created a sense of threat among psychologists that catalyzed the formation of the Association. Membership was initially restricted to one senior psychologist from each medical school, a restriction that limited AMSP’s development, but AMSP later opened its doors to all academic medical center psychologists. The Association was rebuffed in initial efforts to join the Association of American Medical Colleges, and at a later date, to become a Division of the American Psychological Association (APA). In time, however, AMSP did establish formal ties to both of those organizations, and it has collaborated with APA in important surveys of academic medical center psychologists. Following a period in the late 1990’s when AMSP seemed likely to lose its way, the Association rebounded. AMSP now has an Administrative Director, a stable home base, and revised bylaws that assure greater stability and continuity of leadership. These developments, in conjunction with a strong working relationship with the Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, have positioned AMSP to grow and more effectively serve the community of psychologists who work in academic medical centers.     

Some Selected Internet Resources for Novice Researchers of Christian History

SUMMARY

This article attempts to assist novice researchers of Christian history explore the Internet. It contains a helpful starting point and key Web resources for the study of Christian history, with a primary focus on English language and Protestant information.     

Spiritual Issues in Counseling: What Do Students Perceive They Are Being Taught?

Client religious and spiritual practices have recently emerged as beneficial to both mental and physical health. However, graduates of counseling programs indicate that they have not been adequately trained to address religious and spiritual issues with clients. This exploratory study focused on the perceptions of counselors‐in‐training regarding what messages they received about these issues during their training programs, as well as their potential behaviors when working with clients. Results indicated that potential behaviors are not always consistent with what they are taught. Implications for training and future research are discussed.     

“类心理学”与心理学的元理论建构——评车文博主编《中外心理学比较思想史》

车文博先生主编的《中外心理学比较思想史》通过＂四方＂文化比较,定义了心理学研究范式的意义,进而建立了一个公正的文化视角下的心理学元理论体系。该书更进一步以心理内容为线索,站在＂类心理学＂的高度描绘了中外心理学范式竞争与演进的历史：古代＂四方＂文化范式呈现相互竞争的态势;在欧洲的科学革命以后,分析理性哲学范式取得了绝对的统治地位。最后,该书中外心理学思想的交流是解决当前心理学范式困难的出路。     

Assessing therapeutic problem solving skills: Empirical analysis of a measuring operation

Employment of caregivers as trainers is an imperative in the training and treatment of mentally retarded persons. Besides being taught specific behavior modification skills, these paraprofessional trainers have to obtain a set of general skills in order to adjust their specific skills to new clients, situations, and behaviors across time. Empirical research on the characteristics of therapeutic problem-solving skills are scarce. This may be due to a reluctance of behavior researchers against including cognitive factors in the analysis of behavior influence. However, the development of basic knowledge on the existence of therapeutic problem-solving skills should be one of the primary research goals. This article describes the development and application of four scales assumed to be representative of an important set of general skills—therapeutic problem-solving skills. By means of these four scales 21 caregivers were evaluated before and after extensive training. A multifaceted measuring operation is employed with the main objective of empirically testing the dimensionality of problem-solving skills. Rater consistency and individual differences in change from pre- to post-training level are also uncovered. It is concluded that the four scales of therapeutic skills, largely reflect the same underlying concept of a rather general therapeutic problem-solving skill. Discussion of the findings also pointed to future research.