Validité de construit d’une épreuve de jeu de rôle dans le cadre d’un centre d’évaluation chez des officiers de marine.

The present study was designed to obtain validity estimates for a role-play test. Participants were 125 french Navy officers who were rated by a pool of professional assessors and psychologists. All the assessors received reccurring training sessions, focusing on the behavioral checklist, on rating errors, and on share frame of reference. The assessment procedure included role play exercise, cognitive ability scale (g factor) and personality scale (big five factors). First, exploratory factor analyses were conducted on the data gathered, and four factors were identified (authoritarianism, oral communication, consideration with others and frankness). In a nomological perspective, we also analysed the links between the exercises dimensions, personality inventorie and intelligence scale. The findings suggest that role play dimension, personality and intelligence seem to measure different thinks.     

Refuser sans dire non : étude d’un jeu de langage dans une transaction entre un patron et un employé

The aim of this paper is to go on with the articulation between the notions of form of life and language game started by Agnoletti (2006). In this way, we want to show the links between language game and activity through the study of pieces of verbal interaction coming from a professional transaction between a chief and his employee. By using the hierarchical and functional analysis (Roulet et al., 1985), we show regularities, both at the level of the structure of the interaction and in that of the sentences and vocabulary. We make then a relationship between the linguistic forms and the context in which they appear and we consider that we have to deal with a language game which has two modalities: appeal to the rule and the charge. These forms are related to power and authority.     

Restaurer les liens détruits. À propos d’un dispositif de soins dans un village victime d’un massacre collectif

The terrorism, such as Algeria knew it, is organized with main objective the destruction of the whole society. Indeed, through the committed atrocities, the attacks and the collective massacres it is the whole population that lives under the terror. The murders and the destruction of highly symbolic places such as houses, schools which represent in fact the “packaging” of a community are going to favor the destruction of the family links and the community links. The answer to face this situation can only be collective within the framework of a collective approach and of a practice of network.     

Comment dépasser le constat d’un niveau de performance à un test de raisonnement ? Exemple d’une épreuve

To answer one of the criticisms most often formulated about the logical reasoning tests, i.e. characterizing the persons only on their global score, we have created a test aiming to take into account two other types of individual differences: the success profile and the errors. From the use of such a test on 562 persons, the results analysis confirm that our test allows both to collect information and to calculate specific indicators on these two aspects of the performance. The discussion topic turns on the advantage of such approaches.     

Prévention des risques psychosociaux au sein d’établissements publics d’enseignement agricole : quand le diagnostic organisationnel participe d’une amélioration de la qualité de vie au travail

The aim of this article is to show that a diagnosis of psychosocial risks based on a mixed and participative methodology contributes to improving the quality of life at work. It is based on a “Quality of life at work” approach set up within a public educational institution for agricultural studies. The quantitative part includes the Job Content Questionnaire by Karasek, Siegrist's Effort/Reward Imbalance Questionnaire, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Negative Acts Questionnaire (revised) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale from Zigmond and Snaith. The qualitative part is based on focus group discussions. Results have brought to light the groups of employees which are most exposed to risks, especially those in the “school life” sector. They also show that lack of recognition, support and communication are problems experienced by all the staff members of the school. In order to enhance employees’ quality of life within the working environment, a multitude of co-constructed “tailor-made” ways and means of improvement have been suggested. The study shows how the selected methodology contributes to the quality of the diagnosis.     

Réflexions d’un médecin expert et d’un juriste autour d’un exercice pratique de droit médical

We offer a reflection around a clinical case of nosocomial infection allowing us to address the difficulties faced by experts and lawyers and other jurists in matters of medical liability. This case is the result of an exercise proposed within the framework of the national DIU (interuniversity diploma) in medical accidents for which the two authors are responsible in Amiens and Bordeaux. The writing was enriched with the responses of the students. This clinical case makes it possible to approach the compensation for nosocomial infections, to compare the amicable procedure before the conciliation and compensation commission for medical accidents and the procedure before a judicial or administrative jurisdiction. Finally, the reflection focuses on patient information, especially protected adult, and access to the medical file. It is not a question here of detailing the medical care but of discussing medical responsibility and the rights of the patients.     

Un cadre psychosocial d’intervention pour accompagner le développement et le déploiement d’une technologie nouvelle

This article presents a psychosocial intervention framework to support the development and deployment of a new technology. This methodology articulates the three phases necessary for the study of the representation of the use and its evolutions (i.e., the usual trajectory): acceptability, acceptance and appropriation. After an argumentative presentation of the methodological choices made, the article continues with the presentation of an example of accompaniment carried out within the framework of the IDViandes project aimed at the development of a traceability device for meat containers Of slaughter within the company SVA Jean-Rozé, subsidiary of the Intermarché group. This example argues in favor of the idea that the use of such a method makes it possible to optimize the successful accompaniment of the development of a technology and thus ensure its future diffusion.     

Développement d’une échelle de mesure des conditions de l’estime de soi auprès d’adolescents francophones – ÉMCESA

This article presents the findings of three studies aiming to develop and validate a French-language scale of adolescents’ self-esteem conditions, the Adolescents’ Self-Esteem Conditions Scale (ASECS). Designed for young people from the beginning to the end of adolescence, the 30-item scale measures to which extent youths base their self-esteem on positive and negative events related to their social acceptance, physical appearance, sportive and athletic performance, body weight and academic achievement. In the first study, the ASECS was administered to a sample of 431 francophone students from grade 7th to grade 11th. Seven weeks later, 372 of these students were invited to answer the questionnaire once more. Exploratory factor analysis yielded five factors with high internal consistency and strong test-retest reliability. In the second study, the five-factor model was confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis on data from 1523 francophone 7th–11th graders. Finally, finding from the third study (n = 344) demonstrated the instrument's convergent validity. The results from the three studies establish the ASECS’ strong psychometric properties. The discussion focuses on its usefulness in research and intervention among adolescents.     

Les déterminants du décrochage dans l’enseignement secondaire : une revue de littérature

IntroductionDropping out of school is a research topic with various dimensions: non-graduation, school leaving, absenteeism, school failure and school refusal. It involves processes determined by various factors – individual, social, familial and institutional. Individual determinants have specifically been studied in the recent literature. They involve demographic and academic indicators, behaviors, attitudes and mental health of the student, as well as specific types of school refusal. The aim of our study is to update knowledge in this specific field, and highlight underlying problems and methodological issues raised in the literature.MethodDropping out of school is defined as leaving school without a qualification. It involves a process of specific disengagement, which is non-reducible to the negative counterpart of school commitment. The present article is a review of literature from PsycInfo on the individual determinants of dropping out of school. It is based on 50 articles published between 2010 and 2017, related to the following topics: school dropouts, school leavers, school refusal, and academic failure. Five exclusion criteria were used: studies with single factor analysis, literature review, sample excluding secondary education, sample of less than n = 100, non-general, non-mixed, or composed of a sociodemographic minority.ResultsSchool performance and early risk behaviors (substance use disorders, sexuality) remain the best determinants of dropping out throughout the duration of schooling. Psychopathological factors, anxiety, depression and externalized disorders can play a direct or indirect role in the prediction of dropping out. Lack of psycho-emotional support strongly supports the intention to drop out. Motivation has an unequal predictive value, depending on the type of construct or theoretical model used. Inappropriate beliefs, low self-esteem, pessimism, creativity appear as indirect determinants of dropping out. School burnout, understood as emotional, physical and mental exhaustion due to education, directly causes a break between the student and the school.DiscussionMethodological bias can modify the significance of determinants such as gender, academic achievement and retention. Greater knowledge about the relationships between determinants, the profiles of at-risk students and temporalities should help clarify students’ trajectories and the processes at work in different school contexts. Recommendations to educational staff are put forward regarding the detection of individual indicators of dropping out.     

Relation numérique et travail de care : construction et entretien d’un collectif dans le cadre du portage salarial

Work relations are changing due to development of employment new forms and digital interactions. The French “portage salarial” status crystallizes these two forms of evolution, that staff and freelance employees “carried” coexist in the same organization and whose interactions are mediated. This article presents a qualitative and inductive research, conducted with grounded theory on a “portage” company's permanent employees. The results show that care work done by the company staff for the “portés” workers, not digitally mediated, can overcome the business relationship and produce a collective work. Subsequent interactions, digitally mediated, maintain this collective work.     

Validation de l’inventaire des habiletés politiques auprès d’une population occupant un poste de directions d’établissement scolaire

A single instrument was listed to measure political skills, defined as the understanding of others and the use of that knowledge to influence their actions. It was validated with employees, although political skills were more relevant to managers and, in particular, to school principals. A single study validated the psychometric properties of the instrument with managers showing that the dimensional structure would deploy in 5 factors unlike what is observed among employees, which is deployed in 4 factors. The purpose of this study is to verify whether the tool is reliable and has a distinct structure when employed with a population occupying a management position and more particularly school principals. A total of 304 school principals completed an electronic questionnaire. The results suggest a satisfactory dimensional structure in four factors and good fidelity, which invalidates the use of a separate structure for manager including school principal, as reported by Snell et al. (2013).     

Accompagnement médical et communautaire dans un essai de prévention biomédicale : vers une nouvelle forme d’éducation ?

The recent implementation of innovative biomedical preventive approaches to combat the continued high prevalence of HIV among certain populations, has refocused attention on the question of support in the management of treatment adherence. What distinguishes these approaches from classic research on similar themes is that the populations concerned are not HIV positive. The objective of this study was to assess participant and physician satisfaction with medical and community support provided in the ANRS-IPERGAY trial. As part of this trial, individual interviews were conducted with physicians and with HIV-negative participants involved in the trial. Collective interviews and focus groups were also conducted with the participants. A content thematic analysis was performed on the full two corpuses’ data, with the aim of investigating discourse themes regarding the support offered as part of the trial. The discourse analysis of the HIV-negative participants and physicians underlined their satisfaction with many aspects of the medical and community support provided during the trial. The results were interpreted with respect to new forms of patient education necessary for the implementation of the medicalized prevention.     

L’équipe paramédicale à l’hôpital psychiatrique : Retentissement actuel d’une évolution de deux décennies Analyse d’un entretien de supervision

At the advent of the reform of nursing education in France, this study attempts to give an overview of changes in the work practices of nurses and the employment of nurse’s aides in psychiatric wards of hospitals. Based on the assumption that interaction acts as an interface between the individual on one side and collective systems on the other, the authors approach this issue by analyzing a supervisory meeting of a caregiving team in a psychiatric hospital.     

Validation d’une échelle d’évaluation multi-dimensionnelle de l’illusion de contrôle dans les jeux de hasard et d’argent (EEMDIC)

IntroductionThe illusion of control is widely accepted as a key factor in the gambling behaviors. A polysemic concept, its theoretical definition remains debatable, however, and the multitude of measures used to account for it makes it difficult to compare the results of research on it.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to clarify what the illusion of control is and to provide a measure that captures what it is.MethodBy considering the two valences, positive (focusing on gains) and negative (focusing on losses), relating to gambling cognitions, two subscales were thus subjected to exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses on the data collected from 482 participants (82.78% of women, M_age = 36.5, SD_age = 12.31).ResultsThe results reveal that a 4-factor solution (absolute luck/series law; skills, knowledge and strategies; superstitious rituals and behaviours; personal luck/misfortune) allows us to describe the sample data for each of the two subscales. Polynomial regressions with response surface analyses make the case for presenting the two subscales simultaneously (matrix format). These analyses also show that the illusion of control is linked to gambling habits through the interaction of positive and negative valences. In particular, individuals gamble more frequently when they simultaneously attribute more their winnings and less their losses to luck.ConclusionsThe usefulness of this new tool, which addresses the illusion of control by a direct measurement of its dimensions and an indirect measurement of its affective structure, is discussed both in terms of research and practice, since it would make it possible to orient care.