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Analytic smoothing for equipercentile equating under the common item nonequivalent populations design 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A cubic spline method for smoothing equipercentile equating relationships under the common item nonequivalent populations design is described. Statistical techniques based on bootstrap estimation are presented that are designed to aid in choosing an equating method/degree of smoothing. These include: (a) asymptotic significance tests that compare no equating and linear equating to equipercentile equating; (b) a scheme for estimating total equating error and for dividing total estimated error into systematic and random components. The smoothing technique and statistical procedures are explored and illustrated using data from forms of a professional certification test. 相似文献
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The Non-Equivalent groups with Anchor Test (NEAT) design involves missing
data that are missing by design. Three nonlinear observed score equating methods used with a NEAT design are the frequency estimation equipercentile equating (FEEE), the chain equipercentile equating (CEE), and the item-response-theory observed-score-equating (IRT OSE). These three methods each make different assumptions about the missing data in the NEAT design. The FEEE method
assumes that the conditional distribution of the test score given the anchor test score is the same in the two examinee groups.
The CEE method assumes that the equipercentile functions equating the test score to the anchor test score are the same in
the two examinee groups. The IRT OSE method assumes that the IRT model employed fits the data adequately, and the items in
the tests and the anchor test do not exhibit differential item functioning across the two examinee groups. This paper first
describes the missing data assumptions of the three equating methods. Then it describes how the missing data in the NEAT design
can be filled in a manner that is coherent with the assumptions made by each of these equating methods. Implications on equating
are also discussed. 相似文献
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研究旨在探索无铆题情况下,使用构造铆测验法,实现测验分数等值。研究一和研究二分别探索题目难度排序错误、铆题难度差异对构造铆测验法的影响。结果表明:(1)等组条件下,随着错误铆题比例,难度排序错误程度,铆题难度差异增大,构造铆测验法的等值误差逐渐增大,随机等组法的等值误差较为稳定;不等组条件下,构造铆测验法的等值误差均小于随机等组法;(2)对于构造铆测验法,在不等组条件下,铆测验长度越短,等值误差越大。 相似文献
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In standardized testing, equating is used to ensure comparability of test scores across multiple test administrations. One equipercentile observed-score equating method is kernel equating, where an essential step is to obtain continuous approximations to the discrete score distributions by applying a kernel with a smoothing bandwidth parameter. When estimating the bandwidth, additional variability is introduced which is currently not accounted for when calculating the standard errors of equating. This poses a threat to the accuracy of the standard errors of equating. In this study, the asymptotic variance of the bandwidth parameter estimator is derived and a modified method for calculating the standard error of equating that accounts for the bandwidth estimation variability is introduced for the equivalent groups design. A simulation study is used to verify the derivations and confirm the accuracy of the modified method across several sample sizes and test lengths as compared to the existing method and the Monte Carlo standard error of equating estimates. The results show that the modified standard errors of equating are accurate under the considered conditions. Furthermore, the modified and the existing methods produce similar results which suggest that the bandwidth variability impact on the standard error of equating is minimal. 相似文献
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题组越来越多地出现在各类考试中, 采用标准的IRT模型对有题组的测验等值, 可能因忽略题组的局部相依性导致等值结果的失真。为解决此问题, 我们采用基于题组的2PTM模型及IRT特征曲线法等值, 以等值系数估计值的误差大小作为衡量标准, 以Wilcoxon符号秩检验为依据, 在几种不同情况下进行了大量的Monte Carlo模拟实验。实验结果表明, 考虑了局部相依性的题组模型2PTM绝大部分情况下都比2PLM等值的误差小且有显著性差异。另外, 用6种不同等值准则对2PTM等值并评价了不同条件下等值准则之间的优劣。 相似文献
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A method of the IRT observed-score equating using chain equating through a third test without equating coefficients is presented with the assumption of the three-parameter logistic model. The asymptotic standard errors of the equated scores by this method are obtained using the results given by M. Liou and P.E. Cheng. The asymptotic standard errors of the IRT observed-score equating method using a synthetic examinee group with equating coefficients, which is a currently used method, are also provided. Numerical examples show that the standard errors by these observed-score equating methods are similar to those by the corresponding true score equating methods except in the range of low scores.The author is indebted to Michael J. Kolen for access to the real data used in this article and anonymous reviewers for their corrections and suggestions on this work. 相似文献
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本文旨在以“锚题代表性”这一研究命题切入,探索在非等组锚测验设计下,作为实现测验链接的重要载体,锚题和相关的测验试卷/水平之间究竟应该有什么关系。本文首先指出锚题代表性这一概念在等值和垂直量尺化领域中具有不同的含义,并给出其在垂直量尺化中的含义。通过考察测验链接中有关锚题代表性的既有研究,系统总结相关研究成果,本文概括出了当前锚题构建实践的可能优化方案,分析了锚题代表性研究的未来方向。 相似文献
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基于经典测验理论(CTT)的等值方法主要有线性等值和等百分位等值两种。在不同情境下,不同的等值方法会产生不同的等值结果。本研究以真分数等值为依据,用蒙特卡洛模拟研究方法,综合比较了各种题目难度分布条件下和各种样本容量条件下两种CTT等值方法的等值结果。研究结果表明:(1)线性等值的误差受题目难度分布影响较大,等百分位等值的误差几乎不受题目难度分布影响。(2)线性等值的误差几乎不受样本容量的影响,等百分位等值的误差受样本容量影响较大。(3)不论题目难度分布如何,只要样本容量足够大,等百分位等值的效果都比线性等值更好。 相似文献
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Wendy M. Yen 《Psychometrika》1983,48(3):353-369
Test scores that are not perfectly reliable cannot be strictly equated unless they are strictly parallel [Lord, 1980]. This fact implies that tau-equivalence can be lost if an equipercentile equating is applied to observed scores that are not strictly parallel. Seventy-two simulated testing conditions are produced to simulate equating tests with different difficulties and discriminations. Number-correct and trait metrics are examined. When an equipercentile equating is applied to these data, locally biased (i.e., non-tau-equivalent) results are produced for tests of unequal difficulty. Differences between the criteria of tau-equivalence and equipercentile equivalence are discussed. 相似文献
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对从HSK题库中计算机自动生成试卷稳定性的试验检验 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
由计算机从题库中自动生成的试卷能否保持难度的相对稳定?根据IRT进行的等值误差范围有多大?为了回答这些问题,本文以共同组等值作为标准,对基于IRT之上的共同题等值误差进行了试验检验。试验中,采取一定措施保证了考生的动机水平。结果显示,IRT等值的校正方向都是正确的。在4个分测验中有3个分测验的的等值校正效果较理想,1个分测验的等值校正效果不够理想。计算机自动生成的试卷与原有人工命制的试卷在得分方面比较一致,分数相关达到0.931,获得证书的情况也是比较一致的。 相似文献
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Anne Corinne Huggins-Manley Yuxi Qiu Randall D. Penfield 《International Journal of Testing》2018,18(1):50-70
Score equity assessment (SEA) refers to an examination of population invariance of equating across two or more subpopulations of test examinees. Previous SEA studies have shown that score equity may be present for examinees scoring at particular test score ranges but absent for examinees scoring at other score ranges. No studies to date have performed research for the purpose of understanding why score equity can be inconsistent across the score range of some tests. The purpose of this study is to explore a source of uneven subpopulation score equity across the score range of a test. It is hypothesized that the difficulty of anchor items displaying differential item functioning (DIF) is directly related to the score location at which issues of score inequity are observed. The simulation study supports the hypothesis that the difficulty of DIF items has a systematic impact on the uneven nature of conditional score equity. 相似文献
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探究带宽选择方法、样本量、题目数量、等值设计、数据模拟方式对项目反应理论观察分数核等值的影响。通过两种数据模拟方式,获得研究数据,并计算局部与全域评价指标。研究发现,在随机组设计中,带宽选择方法表现相似;考生样本量和题目数量影响甚微。在非等组设计中,惩罚法与Silverman经验准则表现优异;增加题目量可降低百分相对误差和随机误差;增加样本量导致百分相对误差变大,随机误差减小。数据模拟方式可影响等值评价。未来应重点关注等值系统评估。 相似文献
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在项目反应理论框架下,根据已有文献提出了开发新的测验等值准则的方法,即许多准则都可以看成是通过对锚题上作答反应概率分布进行变换而导出。据此揭示了两个著名的等值准则——Haebara方法和Stocking-Lord方法之间的联系,并且导出了一个新的等值准则——余弦等值准则。为了讨论余弦准则的行为表现,开展了一系列Monte-Carlo模拟研究。模拟结果表明,余弦准则在多级评分模型GPCM上表现比Haebara方法和Stocking--Lord方法都好,而对GRM和2PLM,其表现不如Haebara,但可以和Stocking-Lord方法相提并论。这一发现提醒我们等值准则的选用是否恰当,不仅与等值系数所落的范围有关,而且还与项目反应函数(IRF)有更密切的关系 相似文献
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A set of linear conditions on item response functions is derived that guarantees identical observed-score distributions on two test forms. The conditions can be added as constraints to a linear programming model for test assembly that assembles a new test form to have an observed-score distribution optimally equated to the distribution on an old form. For a well-designed item pool and items fitting the IRT model, use of the model results into observed-score pre-equating and prevents the necessity ofpost hoc equating by a conventional observed-score equating method. An empirical example illustrates the use of the model for an item pool from the Law School Admission Test.The authors are most indebted to Norman D. Verhelst for suggesting Proposition 4 and its proof, to the Law School Admission Council (LSAC) for making available the data set, and to Wim M. M. Tielen for his computational assistance. 相似文献