达标心率对缺血型心肌病和扩张型心肌病患者的影响

为观察达标心率对缺血型心肌病（ICM）和扩张型心肌病（DCM）患者预后的影响,所有入选ICM和DCM患者均给予常规抗心力衰竭药物及β受体阻滞剂（β-b）治疗,使心率维持于55次/分~60次/分,观察随访1年时的病死率、再入院率、舒张末期左室内径（LVEDd）、左室射血分数（LVEF）、氨基末端脑利钠肽前体（NT-proBNP）水平来评估二者的预后。结果显示,随访结束时ICM患者较DCM患者再入院率低（P=0.037）,LVEDd低（P=0.034）,LVEF高（P=0.028）,收缩压高（P=0.029）;对于ICM患者,随访结束时较出院时LVEDd低（P=0.047）,LVEF高（P=0.018）,收缩压高（P=0.042）。因此,心率达标对ICM患者有助于改善预后,对DCM患者改善不明显,ICM患者心率达标时获益更大。     

运动员情绪调节心率变异性的影响因素

以183名运动员为被试,以心率变异性为指标,考察不同情绪状态、不同情绪调节策略下运动员自主神经反应的性别、运动年限、运动等级特点。结果发现：（1）快乐情绪状态下的心率变异性显著高于悲伤情绪状态下;表达抑制的心率变异性显著高于认知重评;短运动年限运动员的心率变异性显著高于长运动年限运动员;男性运动员的心率变异性显著高于女性运动员。（2）在快乐情绪状态下采用表达抑制策略时,低运动等级运动员的心率变异性显著高于高运动等级运动员;在悲伤情绪状态下,高运动等级运动员采用表达抑制策略比认知重评策略产生更高的心率变异性     

合理应用运动平板试验与冠脉CT诊断冠心病临床策略分析

本文针对临床诊断冠心病的两种常用手段即运动平板试验和冠脉CT进行分析,鉴于目前临床普遍存在重视采用冠脉CT,甚至达到滥用的地步,而逐渐忽视平板运动试验的现象,紧密结合临床,客观分析两者的特点,阐述各自优缺点。希冀通过本文以帮助临床医师正确选择应用,避免偏颇,最终达到将两者有机的结合,真正适合临床需要,提高冠心病患者的检出率,有利于更好地对冠心病进行二级预防。     

变异性心绞痛患者心率变异性与冠状动脉病变关系的研究

研究变异性心绞痛患者 ST 段抬高对心率变异性的影响。回顾性分析122例变异性心绞痛患者 ST 段抬高幅度及持续时间对心率变异性的影响;心率变异性与冠状动脉病变及病变支数、狭窄程度有相关性。结果心率变异性在 ST 段抬高≥0．4mv 患者中较 ST 段抬高＜0．4mv 患者中明显降低（P＜0．05）;其在 ST 段抬高持续时间≥3min 患者中较 ST 段抬高持续时间＜3min 患者中明显降低（P＜0．05）;其在冠状动脉狭窄≥50％患者中较冠状动脉狭窄＜50％患者中明显降低（P＜0．05）;心率变异性在多支较单支病变明显降低（P ＜0．05）,单支病变狭窄程度≥75％较50％～75％者明显降低（P＜0．05）。提示变异性心绞痛患者自主神经系统受损程度与冠状动脉缺血严重程度,缺血持续时间密切相关,心率变异性能一定程度反映变异性心绞痛患者冠状动脉病变严重程度。     

The Impact of Exercise on Hormones Is Related to Autonomic Reactivity to a Mental Task

This study examined the effects of an acute physical stressor on salivary testosterone (Tsal) and cortisol (Csal) and their relationship with the autonomic responsiveness to a mental task in fit young men (n = 30). Salivary testosterone (Tsal) and cortisol (Csal) levels were determined before and after a maximal bicycle exercise. Heart rate (HR) and skin conductance levels (SCL) were continuously recorded before, during, and after a Stroop task. Tsal and Csal levels diminished while HR and SCL increased in response to stressors in all the sample. When subjects were distributed in function of their endocrine response to the physical stressor, high Tsal responders showed higher HR reactivity than low responders, and high Csal responders showed higher SCL reactivity and lower reaction time in the Stroop task. These results show that the influence of an acute physical stressor on hormones is associated with the autonomic responses to a mental task.     

心率变异性在心身疾病和情绪障碍研究中的应用

心率变异性的频谱成分可单独反映交感神经和副交感神经活动的影响。高频（HF）是由迷走神经单独介导；低频（LF）受迷走神经和交感神经共同调制，但主要反映交感神经的活动性 。此指标可对高血压、冠心病和月经前期烦躁等心身障碍进行评价。该文还探讨了它用于情绪研究的价值，并认为在不同情绪体验期间的自主神经活动有多种搭配模式，正常人与情绪障碍者之间以及情绪障碍（抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、强迫）患者在自主神经活动方面可能存在显著差别     

心率变异性与人格的神经质之间关系研究

本研究探讨心率变异性（HRV）特征在高水平应激条件下对神经质水平的区分力。研究选取200名被试以大五人格量表测量情绪稳定性,实施了应激诱发实验,利用光体积扫描传感器采集被试者HRV指标;利用LASSO回归分析筛选参数构建对神经质的预测模型。结果显示：模型的预测数据与神经质得分高低显著正相关;不同阶段内预测数据与神经质得分显著正相关;两两比较中实验条件阶段与其他阶段预测值差异显著。研究表明,在高应激条件下,HRV是人格神经质较好的预测指标。     

奖惩线索对停止信号任务中抑制能力和心率、皮肤电的影响

采用不同类型强化刺激(中性刺激,奖励刺激,惩罚刺激,以及奖励、惩罚刺激并存)来改变可获得奖励和惩罚的强度和频度,分别考察不同类型强化条件对停止信号任务中抑制能力、心率和皮肤电的影响.结果显示:与奖惩混合条件相比,在奖励条件下,被试的反应速度快,但正确抑制率明显低于惩罚条件和奖惩混合条件;在奖励条件下,被试在任务完成过程中的心率明显高于反馈条件、惩罚条件和奖惩混合条件.四种条件下被试的皮肤电活动无差异.     

Reward Influence on the Heart: Cardiovascular Response as a Function of Incentive Value at Five Levels of Task Demand

This study examined cardiovascular effects of incentive value in men and women confronted with cognitive challenges that were more and less difficult to meet. Participants performed computer memory tasks varying in difficulty from low to high, with instructions that they could earn chances toward a $100 prize or $10 prize by attaining a 90% success rate. Analysis of cardiovascular responses assessed during work revealed an interaction between difficulty and incentive value for heart rate. Participants' heart rate responses were proportional to task difficulty and unaffected by incentive value in all conditions except for the most difficult one. Where difficulty was greatest, $100 participants showed relatively high heart rate responsiveness, whereas $10 participants showed low heart rate responsiveness. This heart rate finding corroborates and extends cardiovascular results from previous experiments, and lends further support to the view that cardiovascular responses will be proportional to incentive value only under some task conditions.     

放松训练对心率、T波幅度、心算成绩的影响研究

本实验目的在于探讨放松训练对正常状态和心算应激时心率、T波幅度的影响。实验组接受放松训练,控制组不接受放松训练。结果发现：放松训练使身体常态时的心率显著降低,对心算应激时的心率和T波无显著影响;放松训练降低了心算时心率和心算错误率的方差;实验组的心算速度快,与控制组比较有显著差异。     

急性心肌梗死患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗前后窦性心律振荡的临床观察

探讨急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者直接经皮冠状动脉介入（PCI）前后窦性心律振荡（HRT）的变化及意义.选择伴室性早搏的AMI患者（观察组）和无器质性心脏病的室性早搏患者（对照组）各42例,PCI前伴室早的观察组患者,用节律Ⅱ导联记录室早的心电图,PCI后2周时观察组及对照组均记录24h动态心电图（AECG）,计算其震荡初始（TO）和震荡斜率（TS）,并行心脏彩色多普勒超声检查,测定左室射血分数（LVEF）.结果观察组PCI后2周时和对照组LVEF分别为：（59.1＆#177;7.5）%和（61.3＆#177;8.4）%.观察组PCI前TO显著升高,TS显著降低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组PCI后2周TO较前降低,TS较前升高,但和对照组相比差异仍有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;观察组PCI后2周时和对照组左室射血分数（LVEF）相比无差异.提示AMI患者HRT减弱,PCI后2周HRT改善但和观察组相比仍有统计学意义,提示AMI患者PCI后早期仍存在心脏自主神经功能下降,HRT可作为评价AMI患者预后的一个指标.     

不同强度的痛觉刺激对内、外倾者心率、T波幅度影响的初步研究

本文旨在探讨内、外倾者在三种不同强度痛觉刺激下心率、T波幅度的变化。通过艾森克个性问卷筛选出15名内倾者和15名外倾者,以8mA、12mA、16mA的电流引起痛觉。实验结果表明,刺激后30秒内．在12mA、16mA痛觉刺激下．内倾组心率反应值与基础值差异显著．外倾组差异不显著;在12mA刺激下．内、外倾组心率变化差异显著。从心率变化上看。两组被试对痛觉刺激均表现出适应,内倾组的适应速度比外倾组慢。在各强度痛觉刺激条件下．二组T波幅度均未随刺激量增大发生显著变化。本实验表明,心脏T波幅度对痛刺激不敏感。     

The (Dis)Pleasures of Creativity: Spontaneous Eye Blink Rate during Divergent and Convergent Thinking Depends on Individual Differences in Positive and Negative Affect

Previous research has demonstrated that individual differences in affect and motivation predict divergent and convergent thinking performance, two thinking processes involved in creative idea generation. Individual differences in affect and motivation also predict spontaneous eye blink rate (sEBR) during divergent and convergent thinking; and sEBR predicts divergent and convergent thinking performance. This study investigates experimentally whether the relationship between sEBR and divergent and convergent thinking depends on individual differences in affect and motivation. Eighty-two participants completed the Emotion/motivation-related Divergent and Convergent thinking styles Scale (EDICOS; G. Soroa et al., 2015), performed the alternative uses task (AUT; divergent thinking) or the remote associates task (RAT; convergent thinking), while their sEBR was captured with an eye-tracker. The results showed that individual differences in positive affect positively correlated with sEBR for the AUT, whereas individual differences in negative affect positively correlated with sEBR for the RAT. Furthermore, the interaction between individual differences in positive and negative affect and sEBR predicted divergent and convergent thinking performance. The contribution of our study is therefore that individual differences in positive and negative affect can both positively correlate with sEBR during divergent and convergent thinking; and that this predicts divergent and convergent thinking performance.