催眠疗法的整合:认知催眠疗法

认知催眠疗法是心理治疗的整合模式下,催眠疗法与认知疗法有机结合而发展成的一种治疗方法.催眠疗法虽然有临床疗效,但因为缺乏现代心理治疗和行为矫治的理论,所以难以进入主流学院派的心理疗法范畴.促进催眠疗法发展的一个途径是在心理疗法整合模式的思想指导下,就像心理疗法中的认知疗法和行为疗法整合一样,催眠疗法作为一种有效的疗法整合融入公认的认知疗法中,从而让催眠疗法有现代理论依托.认知催眠疗法的提出,为催眠术临床实践提供了标准统一的理论平台,也代表着心理疗法整合模式的发展,有利于临床实践和理论相结合.     

一例大学生同性恋的心理咨询案例报告

本案例是针对一名男性大学生由于同性恋而引发的一些情绪困扰和心理问题而进行的咨询。在咨询过程中,主要使用了精神分析疗法,结合认知疗法和人本主义理论。经过咨询,求助者因同性恋引发的痛苦和困扰得以缓解,情绪状态明显好转,达到了咨询目标。通过对这位大学生的咨询,证明精神分析疗法结合人本主义、认知疗法对同性恋者进行咨询与治疗能取得良好的效果。     

一例运用催眠疗法治疗失眠症的案例报告

本次案例主要采用催眠疗法,并结合行为疗法和认知疗法对个案进行了心理问题的矫正,尤其是将系统脱敏和认知疗法融入到催眠疗法之中,在对求助者的心理进行整合式治疗后,其睡眠状况明显改善,精神状况得到提高,抑郁情绪消除,焦虑程度显著降低。再次进行问卷自测后分数明显下降,该咨询取得了较好的效果。     

正念认知疗法对手机依赖大学生的干预效果*

使用SAS和MPAI量表从820名被试中筛选出60名被试随机分配到实验组和对照组进行实验研究。预期通过正念认知疗法对手机依赖进行干预以降低大学生手机依赖程度。结果发现:实验组被试在接受正念认知疗法为期4周8次的团体辅导训练后,手机依赖总分、失控性、戒断性和逃避性因子得分与对照组相比显著降低,正念水平显著提高。结果表明正念认知疗法对个体的手机依赖的干预效果明显。     

大学生人际关系心理问题案例报告

本案例阐述了一名女大学生在学校人际关系适应不良,而引发求助者焦虑情绪的心理咨询过程。主要采用的是认知疗法,帮助求助者发现自动思维和自己的深层不合理的认知,用建设性信念代替挫败性信念。咨询目标为改变求助者的,错误观念及焦虑抑郁情绪,克服对人际关系的障碍,鼓励来访者积极阳光的心态面对人际关系中的难题,树立起积极阳光的心态面对生活,最终达成促进求助者的心理健康和发展,完善人格的目的。咨询过程中,来访者与求助者建立了良好的咨询关系,运用认知疗法进行了五次咨询,取得良好效果,实现了咨询目标。     

认知疗法及其在临床上的应用研究

本文简要介绍了认知疗法的基本理论,基本观点以及其治疗的基本过程。并进一步小结它在临床上的,尤其对抑郁症治疗上的显著疗效。最后指出认知疗法可能存在的不足以及改进的方法。     

希望理论与认知心理治疗的整合

作为传统心理学与积极心理学之间的重要桥梁,希望可以被整合进入认知心理治疗中。咨询实践也证明,将希望理论与先前基于症状减少策略的认知疗法整合,心理治疗不仅可以减少患者的症状,而且能帮助其建立力量感并增加长期的生活满意度。通过界定希望的概念;将希望模型与相关模型进行比较,最后,提出在认知疗法的不同阶段运用希望理论的策略。     

希望理论与认知心理治疗的整合

作为传统心理学与积极心理学之间的重要桥梁,希望可以被整合进入认知心理治疗中.咨询实践也证明,将希望理论与先前基于症状减少策略的认知疗法整合,心理治疗不仅可以减少患者的症状,而且能帮助其建立力量感并增加长期的生活满意度.通过界定希望的概念;将希望模型与相关模型进行比较,最后,提出在认知疗法的不同阶段运用希望理论的策略.     

近视激光手术治疗几个问题的探讨

通过对ICD-10中涉及亚健康的相关类目分析,阐述了亚健康的概念范畴、相关症状表现、相关因素以及防范和纠正,尤其详细论述了亚健康的重点——疲劳状态。“亚健康”,本质上主要是一类心身失调,其防范或纠正,不能只依赖药物、食物等生物学手段,而应更多地借助认知疗法、心理调整、行为纠治等非生物学手段。此外,笔者还创新性的提出：在未来的《ICD》中专列亚健康类目的构想。     

一例高中生人际交往问题的心理咨询案例报告

本文是一例运用认知疗法,对一名受人际交往问题困扰的女高中生进行心理咨询的案例报告。求助者因为班内没有同学愿意与她同桌来求助,自己感觉很无助,出现了焦虑、情绪低落、上课注意力不集中等症状,学习、生活受到了一定影响。咨询师运用认知疗法,经过4次咨询,求助者的焦虑情绪有所缓解,与周围同学的关系出现了缓和,能以正常的心态进行学习。     

The Establishment of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in Argentina

Although Argentina is well known for the popularity of psychoanalysis, in recent years the field of psychotherapy has been expanded to include cognitive behavioural therapy. At present, cognitive behavioural therapy has become much more common in universities and postgraduate educational programmes in Argentina. This work aims to describe the development of cognitive behavioural therapy in Argentina. First, we will depict some general characteristics of psychology in Argentina. Then, we will refer to the first cognitive behavioural therapists in Argentina, highlighting the trajectories of the local main figures, and the events that paved the road for the development of this model in Argentina, such as the visit of Hans Eysenck to Buenos Aires, the impact of Aaron T. Beck's work, and the presence of Vittorio Guidano. Then, we will describe the various institutions that, in the 1990s, established the Argentinian Cognitive Therapies Association. Finally, we will describe the current development of cognitive behavioural therapy in Argentina, and analyse its characteristics and the challenges of local culture.     

How My Theory and Practice of Psychotherapy Has Influenced and Changed Other Psychotherapies

In this article I address three main questions: (a) how psychotherapy has changed the modern world of psychology, (b) how it has changed the modern world in general, and (c) how my special form of psychotherapy, rational emotive behavior therapy, and its derivative, cognitive behavior therapy, have changed the recent theory and practice of psychotherapy.     

Integrated group psychotherapy for the treatment of depression in the elderly

Depressive disorders in the elderly are common, and demonstrate a high prevalence, morbidity and chronicity. Psychosocial interventions, notably group psychotherapy can play an important role in the acute and maintenance phases of treatment. Synthesis of the contributions made by developmental, psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral group approaches, into an integrated model of group therapy, reflects an ever-increasing trend in the psychotherapy field towards the development of applicable and effective clinical interventions. In this model, the overarching principle is the implementation of a group therapy intervention that addresses the objectives of stabilization and restoration of the individual’s sense of self, increased interpersonal competence and acquisition of cognitive and behavioral skills to aid in coping with depression and demoralization.     

Why using “consciousness” in psychotherapy? Insight,metacognition and self-consciousness

Since its early development, clinical psychology has questioned the impact of “consciousness” on the determination of human responsibility across psychiatric disorders. In recent years, specific clinical approaches have focused on “consciousness” work that could play a key role in psychotherapy. We focused our research on clinical psychology's consciousness-related concepts of insight, self-consciousness, and metacognition. Insight and metacognition, for example, have prompted increased interest in schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and, more recently, borderline personality disorder (BPD) treatments as representative of the latest advances in the cognitive and behavioral therapy field. Here we review cognitive, social, and clinical psychology research measuring “consciousness” in BPD, SZ, and BD, exploring the implications of different conceptualizations of consciousness-like concepts for treatment adherence, symptom evolution, and related aspects of psychotherapy. Our results show the overall relevance of using measures of clinical and cognitive insight, emphasizing the more central role of cognitive insight and metacognition in psychotherapy, as it appears that consciousness can remain useful if understood as a cognitive skill. The inclusion of a conceptualization of self-consciousness is important in order to address the social component of psychotherapy, as it does in biopsychosocial approaches. We discuss the implications of such results for global efficacy, for the relevance of the “consciousness” concept to clinical psychology, and for the potential need to keep operationalizing different conceptualizations of it in psychotherapy. We open the debate on the definition of consciousness to motivational aspects of change and to general considerations of both legal and ethical aspects.     

A process analysis of linguistic change

In this paper a process analysis of linguistic change is shown through the methodology of task analysis. From the linguistic therapy of evaluation will be shown the relevance of an intensional orientation for human evaluation problems and the relevance of an extensional orientation for more proper evaluations, along with some other therapeutic operations which represent how human beings use language and how language's use is modified with one of the main techniques of the linguistic therapy of evaluation: the abstraction orders. Also the relevance for the evolvement of cognitive psychotherapy of following a process research methodology will be discussed and addressed. The state of the art of cognitive psychotherapy will be greatly influenced by process research methodology which helps us to delineate the process of change and that combined with outcome research will improve our cognitive theories and methods.     

Infant-parent psychotherapy with an autistic toddler

This paper describes the 3½ -year treatment of an autistic toddler, who by age 5 showed normal social relationships and only minor residual cognitive features of the disorder. The treatment approach integrated infant-parent psychotherapy with techniques of special education and involved a two-person team that worked simultaneously in the family's home. The early work focused on discovering ways to mediate environmental stimulation so as to enhance the child's availability for social interaction. The treatment helped the parents understand this and explored and interpreted misconceptions about their son that interfered with parental feelings and functions. Multiple issues in the parent-child relationship and in the child's social and cognitive development eventually were addressed. This case illustrates one scenario in the development of relationships when an infant lacks the biological fittedness for social interaction. It demonstrates the possibility of ameliorating the autistic condition through a modification of infant-parent psychotherapy. The successful outcome of the case seems to be the result of several factors: The child's age at the beginning of treatment, his areas of cognitive strength, and his parents' exceptional ability to use and extend the therapy.     

A Brief History of Metacognitive Therapy: From Cognitive Science to Clinical Practice

Metacognitive therapy (MCT) is proving to be an effective treatment for anxiety and depression with effects that may exceed CBT. It has been described as a paradigm shift in psychotherapy in its theory-driven cognitive science approach and systematic development and evaluation. MCT was developed by Adrian Wells based on an information processing theory, the Self-Regulatory Executive Function model by Wells and Matthews. MCT theory formulates psychological disorders as sharing common causal factors under the influence of metacognition, representing a particular top-down model of biases in cognitive regulation. A key clinical implication was that a core set of interventions could be developed to impact a wide range of symptoms and disorders. In this paper, we trace the historical development of MCT and the major studies that informed theory and practice with the aim of introducing clinicians and researchers to this area and to understand why the metacognitive approach has developed into a treatment that is proving to be potentially more effective than current gold-standard treatments. In doing so, we will draw out the distinctive features of the approach and explore how this might offer a blueprint for scientific advancement in clinical psychology and psychotherapy.     

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: Nature and Relation to Non-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Since the introduction of Beck’s cognitive theory of emotional disorders, and their treatment with psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral approaches have become the most extensively researched psychological treatment for a wide variety of disorders. Despite this, the relative contribution of cognitive to behavioral approaches to treatment are poorly understood and the mechanistic role of cognitive change in therapy is widely debated. We critically review this literature, focusing on the mechanistic role of cognitive change across cognitive and behavioral therapies for depressive and anxiety disorders.     

案例概念化在临床上的应用

随着心理治疗方法的发展, 案例概念化作为治疗工作的重要组成部分, 日益成为临床关注的热点。案例概念化主要指在一定治疗理论的基础上, 就来访者的问题成因和维持因素提出假设, 为构建治疗方案提供指导蓝图。西方的临床研究表明案例概念化能有效地促进咨询师和来访者对于问题的认识和理解, 提高治疗效果。以认知行为治疗理论为基础, 具体地介绍案例概念化技术在焦虑症和抑郁症的临床应用。