Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Group Counseling by Merle M. Ohlsen. Please Touch: A Guided Tour of the Human Potential Movement by Jane Howard. Encounter: The Theory and Practice of Encounter Groups edited by Arthur Burton. Sensitivity Training and the Laboratory Approach edited by Robert T. Golembiewski and Arthur Blumberg. The Shared Journey—An Introduction to Encounter by Terry O'Banion and April O'Connell. Perspectives on the Group Process: A Foundation for Counseling with Groups edited by C. Gratton Kemp.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Book reviewed in this article: The Counselor's Role: Commentary and Readings edited by Joseph C. Bentley. Pygmalion in the Classroom by Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobson. Group Counseling and Psychotherapy with Adolescents by Beryce W. MacLennan and Naomi Felsenfeld. Developing Woman's Potential by Edwin C. Lewis. Ames, Iowa: Innovations to Group Psychotherapy edited by G. Normal Adolescence by Committee on Adolescence, Group for the Advancement of Psychiatry. History of Elementary School Counseling: Overview and Critique by Verne Faust.     

Cross-Continental Divides Regarding Survival,Play, and Enactment: Reply to Commentaries by Keene,Ilahi, and Coen

The author distinguishes between the ways that the Independent Group and Relational Theorists conceptualize object survival, play, enactment, and mutuality. American relational theory is simultaneously focused on both the patient's and analyst's experience and the patient's inner representational world. Interaction is informed by and informs our understanding of the patient's conflicts including forms of enactment. In contrast, analysts from the Independent Group tend to view the American interest in interpersonal phenomena and perceptual dimensions of the patient's experience as a distraction from unconscious representations. For relational analysts in the United States, maternal functions of reverie emphasized by the Independent Group are seen as one dimension of the analyst's complex subjectivity, which may be used in containment and interpretation. For relationally oriented analysts containment itself is postulated as to some degree porous unlike the notion of analytic functions of reverie emphasized by the Independent Group. The author tries to focus on these points of divergence and overlap between the two theoretical orientations and their application to case material.     

Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Bureaucracy vs. Creativity by Fredrich C. Dyer and John M. Dyer. Coral Gables, Florida: University of Miami Press, 1965 Invitations to Speaking and Writing Creativity (and Teachers' Guide) by R. E. Myers and E. Paul Torrance. Boston: Ginn and Company, 1965 Group Problem-Solving Through Discussion by William S. Smith. Indianapolis: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, Inc., 1965     

Adolescents' attitudes toward family and gender roles: An international comparison

Adolescents' attitudes toward gender and familial roles were examined using the Attitudes Toward Women Scale for Adolescents [N. L. Galambos, A. C. Petersen, M. Richards, & I. B. Gitelson (1985) “The Attitudes Toward Women Scale for Adolescents (AWSA): A Study of Reliability and Validity,” Sex Roles, Vol. 5/6, pp. 343–356] and the Historic-Sociocultural Premises scale [R. Díaz-Guerrero (1975) Psychology of the Mexican: Culture and Personality, Austin: University of Texas Press]. Participants were 265 international students (11 to 17 years of age) from 46 different countries attending schools in the Netherlands. The countries of origin were grouped into two categories of cultural values based on G. Hofstede [(1983) “Dimensions of National Cultures in Fifty Countries and Three Regions,” in J. B. Deregowski, S. Dziursawiec, & R. C. Annis (Eds.), Expiscations in Cross-Cultural Psychology, Lisse Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger]: Wealthier, more individualistic countries comprised Group 1 and less wealthy, more collectivist countries Group 2. Girls responded less traditionally than did boys on both scales. Students from Group 2 countries had more traditional attitudes than did students from Group 1 countries.     

Books

Careers and Contingencies: How College Women Juggle with Gender Shirley S. Angrist and Elizabeth M. Almquist Kennikat Press. 1975 269 pages. $15.00 The Courts and Student Conduct E. Edmund Reutter, Jr. Nanonal Organmbon on Legal Problems of Educahon 1975 93 pages $450 Klemer's Marriage and Family Relationships Rebecca M. Smith Harper & Row, 1975 (second edition) 424 pages, $11 95 Becoming: A Course in Human Relations Chester R. Cromwell, William Ohs, Albert E. Roark, and Gene Stanford B. Lippincott. 1975 Module I: Relating: Leader's Guide 178 pages (appendxed Personal Log, 77 pp), $4 20 Module 11: Interaction: Leader's Guide 2M) pages (appendxed Personal Log, 77 pp.), $4 38 Module 111: Individuality: Leader's Guide 199 pages (appendxed Personal Log, 77 pp 1, $4 38     

Re:Views

Evaluating Federal Social Programs: An Uncertain Art: Sar A. Levitan and Gregory Wurzburg ; Kalamazoo, Mich.: W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, 1979 The Overeaters: Eating Styles and Personality: Jonathan Kurland Wise and Susan Kierr Wise ; New York: Human Sciences Press, 1979 Transpersonal Communication: How to Establish Contact with Yourself and Others: Barry K. Weinhold and Lynn C. Elliott ; Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1979 Therapy American Style: Personal Power through Self-Help: Kenneth B. Metheny and Richard J. Riordan ; Chicago Dynamics of Human Relations in Vocational Education: The Development of Self-Confidence and a Sense of Mastery: Duane L. Blake ; Cranston, R. I.: Carroll Press, 1979 Adult Female Human Being in the 1980s: A Handbook for Lifelong Education: Fran Murray and Mildred Erickson ; East Lansing, Mich.: Michigan State University Press, 1980 The Winner's Way: A Transactional Guide for Living, Working, and Learning: Gisele Weisman ; Monterey, Calif.: Brooks/Cole, 1980 Marriages and Families: Essie Lee , Ed.; New York: Julian Messner, 1978 “I'm Going to Visit My Daddy”: Deirdre Conway Rand ; San Rafael, Calif. Bias in Mental Testing: Arthur R. Jensen ; New York Handbook of Human Services for Older Persons: Monica Bychowski Holmes and Douglas Holmes ; New York Family Therapy and Evaluation through Art: Hanna Yaxa Kwiatkowska ; Springfield, III. Counseling Strategies and Objectives: Second Edition : Harold Hackney and L. Sherilyn Cormier ; Englewood Cliffs, N.J. Group Counseling: Fundamental Concepts and Procedures: Robert C. Berg and Garry L. Landreth ; Muncie, Ind. Alcoholism: A Treatment Manual: Wayne Poley , Gary Lea , and Gail Vibe ; New York Go For It!: Martha Douglas ; San Francisco National Directory of Women's Employment Programs: Who They Are, What They Do Women's Work Force of Wider Opportunities for Women : Washington, D.C. Learning after College: Nevitt Sanford ; Orinda, Calif. Credit by Examination Comes of Age: Implications of APP and CLEP for Colleges, Schools, and Students: The College Board ; Princeton, N.J. Not Working: An Oral History of the Unemployed: Harry Maurer ; New York Talking It Out: A Guide to Effective Communication and Problem Solving: Joseph M. Strayhorn , Jr .; Champaign, III. The Path of Least Resistance: preparing Employees for Change: Ken Hultman ; Austin, Tex.: Learning Concepts, 1979 A Special Educator's Guide to Vocational Training: Robert A. Weisgerber ; Springfield, III.: Charles C. Thomas, 1980 Ethical and Professional Standards for Academic Psychologists and Counsellors: Charles W. Sherrer and M. Sylvia Sherrer ; Springfield, Ill.: Charles C Thomas, 1980 Jogotherapy: Jogging as a Therapeutic Strategy Frederick D. Harper : Alexandria, Va.: Douglass Publishers, 1979     

Book Review Section

HANSEN, CURTISS P. and CONRAD, KELLEY A. (Eds.). A Handbook of Psychological Assessment in Business. SIMS, HENRY, P., JR. and LORENZI, PETER. The New Leadership Paradigm. GORDON, EDWARD E., PONTICELL, JUDITH A., and MORGAN, RONALD R. Closing the Literacy Gap in American Business: A Guide for Trainers and Human Resource Specialists. MINER, JOHN B. Industrial-Organizational Psychology. CARNEVALE, ANTHONY PATRICK. America and the New Economy: How New Competitive Standards are Radically Changing American Workplaces. MURPHY, KEVIN R. and CLEVELAND, JEANETTE N. Performance Appraisal: An Organizational Perspective. WORCHEL, STEPHEN, WOOD, WENDY and SIMPSON, JERRY A. (Eds.). Group Process and Productivity. GOODWIN, PAUL and WRIGHT, GEORGE. Decision Analysis for Management Judgment. FAIRHOLM, GILBERT W. Values Leadership: Toward a New Philosophy of Leadership. KETS DE VRIES, MANFRED F. R. and Associates. Organizations on the Couch: Clinical Perspectives on Organizational Behavior and Change. THOMAS, R. ROOSEVELT, JR. Beyond Race and Gender: Unleashing the Power of Your Total Work Force by Managing Diversity. SHARP, RICHARD S. Applying Career Development Theory to Counseling. BOYD, CHARLES. Individual Commitment and Organizational Change: A Guide for Human Resources and Organizational Development Specialists. MAURER, RICK. Caught in the Middle: A Leadership Guide for Partnership in the Workplace. SMITH, MARTIN R. Contrarian Management: Commonsense Antidotes to Business Fads and Fallacies. DENTON, D. KEITH. Horizontal Management: Beyond Total Customer Satisfaction. NELSON-JONES, RICHARD. Group Leadership: A Training Approach. BRODIE, DONALD W. Individual Employment Disputes: Definite and Indefinite Term Contracts. COOPER, CARY L. and PAYNE, ROY (Eds.). Personality and Stress: Individual Differences in the Stress Process. NADLER, LEONARD and NADLER, ZEACE. Every Manager's Guide to Human Resource Development. LOCKE, EDWIN A. and Associates. The Essence of Leadership: The Four Keys to Leading Successfully. BRUCE, WILLA M. and REED, CHRISTINE M. Dual-Career Couples in the Public Sector: A Management Guide for Human Resource Professionals. COCKBURN, CYNTHIA. In the Way of Women: Men's Resistance to Sex Equality in Organizations.     

Teacher Versus Peer Models

Female Ss (N=80) observed either a teacher or a peer model (M) demonstrate a motor task with either high or low performance ability. The effects’ of viewing these live performances on S’s subsequent motor performances were examined. After the observation of M, S’s performance in the presence or absence of the observed M was investigated. A Control Group consisting of 20 Ss, viewing no M, was compared to ail other groups for analysis. Results of the M Type × M’s Ability Level × M Presence design indicated that those in the Control Group had significantly lower performances than all other groups on all blocks of trials. In addition, across all trial blocks, S’s performances were enhanced subsequent to having viewed a skillful teacher M. Upon observing M’s demonstration, Ss exhibited increased matching responses and better performances when performing in the presence of M.     

I Am My Brother's (and Sister's) Keeper: Jewish Values and the Counseling Process

The author writes a rejoinder to M. S. Kiselica's (2003) article “Anti‐Semitism and Insensitivity Toward Jews by the Counseling Profession: A Gentile's View on the Problem and His Hope for Reconciliation—A Response to Weinrach (2002),” which is part of a dialogue in the fall 2003 Journal of Counseling & Development on anti‐Semitism in the counseling profession. M. S. Kiselica supports the notion that Jewish concerns are inextricable from multicultural counseling. The author has asserted that there has been a critical mass of anti‐Semitic behavior within the counseling profession, including the American Counseling Association, for more than 3 decades. The author's perspective may be viewed as an application of the Torah's dictum “I am my brother's [and sister's] keeper.” The author also argues that while culture may influence behavior, it does not determine it exclusively.     

Re: Views

Book reviewed in this article: Exploring Human Values: Psychological and Philosophical Considerations: Richard A. Kalish and Kenneth W. Collier You and the Senior Boom: New Challenges and Opportunities for All: Louise Minter Odell and Charles Edward Odell The Religious Education of Preschool Children: Lucie W. Barber Transactional Analysis for Police Personnel: Anne T. Romano The Facts About “Drug Abuse”: The Drug Abuse Council; New York Implementation of Independent Living Programs in Rehabilitation: Arkansas Rehabilitation Research and Training Center (William P. Clark, Study Group Chairman and B. Douglas Rice, University Sponsor) Education in the 80's: Health Education: Robert D. Russell, Ed. The College Cost Book: 1981–82: (2nd Ed.) The College Board New York: College Entrance Examination Board The Promotable Woman: Becoming a Successful Manager: Norma Carr-Ruffino Therapeutic Psychology: Fundamentals of Counseling and Psychotherapy (4th ed.): Lawrence M. Brammer and Everett L. Shostrom A Review of Behavioral Group Therapy, 1980: An Annual Review.: Dennis Upper and Steven M. Ross (Eds.) The Psychiatric Rehabilitation Practice Series: (See individual listings below): Book 1: The Skills of Diagnostic Planning: W.A. Anthony, R.M. Pierce, M.R. Cohen, and J.R. Cannon Book 1: The Skills of Diagnostic Planning W.A. Anthony, R.M. Pierce, M.R. Cohen, and J.R. Cannon Book 2: The Skills of Rehabilitation Programming: W.A. Anthony, R.M. Pierce, M.R. Cohen, and J.R. Cannon Book 3: The Skills of Professional Evaluation: M.R. Cohen, W.A. Anthony, R.M. Pierce, L.A. Spaniol, and J.R. Cannon Book 4: The Skills of Career Counseling: R.M. Pierce, M.R. Cohen, W.A. Anthony, B.F. Cohen, and T.W. Friel Book 5: The Skills of Career Placement: R.M. Pierce, M.R. Cohen, W.A. Anthony, B.F. Cohen, and T.W. Friel Book 6: The Skills of Community Service Organization: M.R. Cohen, R.L. Vitalo, W.A. Anthony, and R.M. Pierce Experiential Psychotherapies in Australia: Dick Armstrong and Phil Boas, (Eds.) Black Children/White Children: Competence, Socialization and Social Structure: Zena Smith Blau Counselling Psychology: S. Narayano Rao Maslach Burnout Inventory, Research Edition, Manual.: Christina Maslach and Susan E. Jackson Planning and Using a Total Personnel System: Richard A. Kaumeyer, Jr. Your Career: Choices, Chances, Changes: David C. Borchard, John J. Kelly, and Nancy Pat K. Weaver     

Book Review Section

Book review in This Article: Roy Jacques. Manufacturing the Employee: Management Knowledge from the 19th to the 21st Centuries. Bob Zelnick. Backfire: A Reporter's Look at Affirmative Action. Joe L. Kincheloe, Shirley R. Steinberg, and Aaron D. Gresson III (Editors). Measured Lies: The Bell Curve Examined. Stephen Jay Gould. The Mismeasure of Man (revised and expanded). Bryan Downie and Mary Lou Coates (Editors). Managing Human Resources in the 1990s and Beyond: Is the Workplace Being Transformed? Karen E. Watkins and Victoria J. Marsick (Editors). In Action: Creating the Learning Organization (Vol. 1). Janelle Barlow and Claus Moller. A Complaint is a Gift: Using Customer Feedback as a Strategic Tool. Mark R. Edwards and Ann J. Ewen. 360° Feedback: The Powerful New Model for Employee Assessment and Performance Improvement. John E. Jones and William L. Bearley. 360° Feedback: Strategies, Tactics, and Techniques for Developing Leaders. David B. Peterson and Mary Dee Hicks. Development First: Strategies for Self-Development. David B. Peterson and Mary Dee Hicks. Leader as Coach: Strategies for Coaching and Developing Others. Kevin R. Murphy (Editor). Individual Differences and Behavior in Organizations. Richard E. Nisbett and Dov Cohen. Culture of Honor: The Psychology of Violence in the South. Jeanne M. Plas. Person-Centered Leadership: An American Approach to Participatory Management. Scott Adams. The Dilbert Principle: A Cubicle's-Eye View of Bosses, Meetings, Management Fads and Other Workplace Afflictions. John B. Miner. The 4 Routes to Entrepreneurial Success. Peter L. Brill and Richard Worth. The Four Levers of Corporate Change. Allard E. Dembe. Occupation and Disease: How Social Factors Affect the Conception of Work-Related Disorders. Jerry L. McAdams. The Reward Plan Advantage: A Manager's Guide to Improving Business Performance Through People. Hay Group, Hewitt Associates LLC, Towers Perrin, and William M. Mercer, Inc. Raising the Ban Using Competencies to Enhance Employee Performance. Curtis H. Engelmann and Robert C. Roesch. Managing Individual Performance: An Approach to Designing an Effective Performance Management System. William M. Lindsay and Joseph A. Petrick. Total Quality and Organization Development. Donald Shandler. Reengineering the Training Function: How to Align Training with the New Corporate Agenda. Arne L. Kalleberg, David Knoke, Peter V. Marsden, and Joe L. Spaeth (Editors). Organizations in America: Analyzing their Structures and Human Resources Practices.     

Hospes: The Wabash Center as a Site of Transformative Hospitality

Abstract. The Wabash Center for Teaching and Learning in Theology and Religion is a place of hospitality and its staff the epitome of the “good host.” This essay explores the meaning of hospitality, including its problematic dimensions, drawing on a number of voices and texts: Jacques Derrida's Of Hospitality; Henri M. Nouwen's Reaching Out: The Three Movements of the Spiritual Life, N. Lynne Westfield's Dear Sisters: A Womanist Practice of Hospitality, Arthur Sutherland's I Was a Stranger: A Christian Theology of Hospitality, and Kathleen Norris's “Hospitality.” Beginning with the claim that hospitality is concerned with power and grace, the essay explores the relationship between hospitality and teaching, and the modes by which the Wabash Center helps teachers both find their identities and heal.     

Book Reviews

Book Reviewed in This Article: Work in America: Report of a Special Task Force to the Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare. Smith , Henry Clay . Sensitivity Training: the Scientific Understanding of Individuals. General Management Skills: Unit 1. Communications for Results. Shahdanian , John L. General Management Skills: Unit 2. Training and Developing Today's Work Force. Doctors , Samuel I. General Management Skills: Unit 3. The Management of Technological Change. Homa , Edna General Management Skills: Unit 4. What Managers Do. Diesel , Paul M. and Runyan , William Mc Kinley . General Management Skills: Unit 5. Human Behavior in the Organization. Flexible Working Hours. Giles , W. J. and Robinson , D. F. Human Asset Accounting. Company Practices in Manpower Planning. Greenman , Russell L. and Schmertz , Eric J. Personnel Administration and the Law. Purcell , Theodore V. and Cavanagh , Gerald F. Blacks in the Industrial World: Issues for the Manager. Leavitt , Harold J., Dill , William R. and Eyrinc , Henry B. The Organizational World. Davis , Louis E. and Taylor , James C. (Eds.). Design of Jobs. Lorsch , Jay W. and Allen , Stephen A., III. Managing Diversity and Interdependence: An Organizational Study of Multidivisional Firms. Lorsch , Jay W. and Lawrence , Paul U. Managing Group and Intergroup Relations. Lorsch , Jay W. and Lawrence , Paul R. (Eds.) Organization Planning: Cases and Concepts. Joyce , Robert D. Encounters in Organizational Behavior: Problem Situations. Berger , M. L. and Berger , P. J. (Eds.) Group Training Techniques: Cases, Applications and Research. Fear , Richard A. The Evaluation Interview. Valentine , Raymond F. Initiative and Managerial Power. Sisk , Henry L. Management and Organization. Ginzberg , Eli and Yohalem , Alice M. (Eds.) Corporate Lib: Women's Challenge to Management. Reeves , Elton How to Get Along with Almost Everybody.     

Joachim Wach's “Master and Disciple” Revisited: A Contemporary Symposium

Joachim Wach's classic 1924 treatment of two types of teaching and learning relationships is summarized by Professor Denny and commented on from three contemporary perspectives by three teaching scholars who raise the basic question, “Are Wach's models of student and disciple adequate for the nineties?” Following an introduction by Frederick M. Denny, the contributions presented are: I. Are Wach's Models of Student and disciple Adequate for the Nineties?, by Margaret R. Miles, II. Response to Joachim Wach's “Master and Disciple: Two Religio-Sociological Studies”: Buddhism, by Charles Hallisey and III. Wach and the Double Truth, by Earle H. Waugh.     

Reviews

Books reviewed Finkel, Donald L., Teaching with Your Mouth Shut Moon, Jennifer A., Reflection in Learning & Professional Development: Theory & Practice Murphy, Terrence J., A Catholic University: Vision and Opportunities Gearon, Liam, ed., English Literature, Theology and the Curriculum Braxton, John M. and Bayer, Alan E., Faculty Misconduct in Collegiate Teaching Daloz, Laurent A., Mentor: Guiding the Journey of Adult Learners Zachary, Lois J., The Mentor's Guide: Facilitating Effective Learning Relationships Maher, Frances A. and Tetreault, Mary Kay Thompson, The Feminist Classroom: Dynamics of Gender, Race and Privilege Logan, Regina L. and Fromberg, Robert, (eds.), The Feminist Classroom: Dynamics of Gender, Race and Privilege Race, Phil, 500 Tips on Group Learning     

A Note on Strict Implication (1935)

Editor's Note: This paper was found in galley proof form from the journal Mind in the C.I. Lewis Archives in the Special Collections Department of the Stanford University Libraries, call number M174, Box 18, Folder 1. There are two copies of the proofs in this folder, one includes Lewis's corrections. The version that appears here incorporates all of Lewis's corrections. Where these corrections are substantive, the original wording is give in a footnote. The paperwas withdrawn from publication by Lewis early in 1935. The proofs were found with Lewis's other papers in his house in Menlo Park after his death in 1964.     

Re: Views

Interviewing Strategies for Helpers: A Guide to Assessment, Treatment, and Evaluation: William H. Cormier and L. Sherilyn Cormier ; Barron's Guide to the Two-Year Colleges. Volume II: Occupational Program Selector Woodbury, N.Y.: Rational Emotive Therapy in Practice: James A. Bard ; Champaign, Ill: Getting into Medical School: The Premedical Student's Guidebook (4th ed.); Sanford J. Brown; Woodbury, N.Y.: Handbook for Job Placement for Mentally Retarded Workers: Training, Opportunities, and Career Areas (3rd ed.); Angeline M. Jacobs , Judith K. Larson , and Claudette A. Smith; Palo Alto, Calif.: Counseling the Elderly: For Professional Helpers Who Work with the Aged; Edited by Garry L. Landreth and Robert C. Berg; Assertion Training: A Facilitator's Guide; Colleen Kelley; La Jolla, Calif.:     

Prefiguring and Refiguring Triangular Interpersonal Relationships: Commentary on Paper by Elisabeth Fivaz-Depeursinge,Chloé Lavanchy-Scaiola,and Nicolas Favez

The current paper involves a discussion of “The Young Infant's Triangular Communication in the Family: Access to Threesome Intersubjectivity?” Conceptual considerations and case illustrations. The work of the Lausanne Group is reviewed with special reference to its relevance to psychoanalytic theory and practice. The ingenuity of the design of the play paradigm is cited, with its illumination of the role of the body and interactive events in the construction of inner experience. Challenges to psychoanalytic thinking are discussed with special reference to the Oedipus complex and its precursors. A major difference involves the Lausanne group's position that triangles are not inherently problematic. The author also addresses the question of intersubjectivity as a motivational system, taking issue with the group's position that it is.     

Sabina Spielrein: out from the shadow of Jung and Freud

Abstract: Since the 1982 publication of Aldo Carotenuto's book, A Secret Symmetry: Sabina Spielrein Between Jung and Freud, there has been renewed interest in the life and work of Sabina Spielrein. She was Jung's first psychoanalytic case at the Burghölzli Hospital in 1904, and was referred to several times in The Freud/Jung Letters. Spielrein recovered, enrolled in medical school, and went on to become a Freudian analyst. Her most famous paper, published in 1912, ‘Destruction as a cause of coming into being’, was referred to by Freud in 1920 in relation to his Death Instinct theory. In the few Freudian publications on this controversial theory since 1920, Spielrein's contribution is consistently omitted. Jung also neglected to refer to her ‘Destruction’ paper in his early 1912 version of ‘Symbols of transformation’, even though he had edited her paper and had promised to acknowledge her contribution. He did refer extensively to Spielrein's first paper, her medical thesis, ‘On the psychological content of a case of schizophrenia’, published in 1911, as yet unpublished in English. In her paper Spielrein sought to understand the psychotic delusions of Frau M, a patient at the Burghölzli, much in the style of Jung's ‘Psychology of dementia praecox’ (1907). The purpose of this paper is to explore to what extent Spielrein's Frau M paper, and its companion ‘Destruction’ paper, make an original contribution to both Jung and Freud's emerging theories on the possible creative versus destructive outcomes of neurotic or psychotic introversion, culminating in Jung's concept of the ‘collective unconscious’ (1916) and Freud's concept of a ‘Death instinct’ (1920).