Guidance and Counseling Services in Nigeria

This article focuses on the major factors responsible for the recognition of the need for guidance. It reviews the historical development, philosophical bases, and trends.     

Employee Counseling Services: Ethical Dilemmas

Issues surrounding the definition, identification, and handling of emotional problems in the work environment are presented. Strategies for dealing with these dilemmas are provided.     

A Lawyer in the Counseling Center

Today's college students are finding an increasing need for legal information. At California State College, Los Angeles, a lawyer from the community was retained by the college counseling center to consult with students who had legal questions. During the academic year 1968-69, 302 students took advantage of this service. Although most of their questions dealt with selective service, other areas of concern included landlord-tenant matters, domestic relations, and criminal and civil law. Student reactions were sampled by means of a questionnaire. The general response was highly favorable, thus supporting the need for a legal counseling service on the college campus.     

The Status of Multicultural Counseling Training at Counseling Center Internship Sites

The current status of multicultural counseling training at university counseling center predoctoral internship sites was evaluated. Fifty training directors completed a mailed survey, and the results contribute to an understanding of graduate training programs. Training considerations and recommendations are discussed.     

Characteristics of Guidance and Counseling Services in Canada

Canadian guidance and counseling services are considered in terms of societal influences, philosophical and theoretical biases, counselor role, functions, training, and current trends.     

Testing Services in College and University Counseling Centers

Counseling centers were surveyed to gather information about the non-counseling-related testing services being offered. Differences between centers at large and small institutions are discussed.     

Combining Counseling and Career Services: Conflicts and Choices

This article describes some of the administrative issues in merging counseling and career services in institutions of higher education. Discussion focuses on the major kinds of problems that can be anticipated and the eventual choices that administrators must make.     

The University and College Counseling Center and Malpractice Suits

This article provides the university and college counseling center with management suggestions for and discussion of malpractice suits regarding issues that refer to sexual abuse, potentially dangerous, and suicidal clients.     

Development of Genetic Counseling Services in Taiwan

Taiwan is an emerging industrial country in subtropical Asia with a population of 23 million. There were around 200,000 newborns in 2011. Delayed first marriage, low birth rate, and rapid aging are major demographic issues. Genetic counseling services were established following the rapid introduction of genetic technology and enactment of relevant laws and regulations. Ultrasound was first used in 1968 to examine pregnant women. The first amniotic fluid laboratory was founded in 1981 to identify chromosomal abnormalities. In 1984, the Genetic Health Act was legislated for prevention and control of genetic disorders, and the metabolic disorder screen project was launched. National Health Insurance with overall coverage of prenatal examinations was established in 1995. A master-level genetic counseling program was launched in 2003 and by 2011 has graduated eighty students. Two professional societies have been formed to certify genetic counselors, and 66 professionals have been certified. In summary, genetic counseling services in Taiwan are continuously improving.     

Ethical Obligations of Special Services Personnel

Although there is increased lip-service paid to the need for educators to behave ethically, special services personnel are aware of many situations in which their colleagues or supervisors show little awareness of ethical principles. In this article, we address this issue from a variety of perspectives. First, we discuss the relationship between professional ethics and the broader concept of "professionalism." and discuss some of the reasons why education has not reached the level of commitment to ethics training and enforcement that is found in more mature vrofessions. Second, we present a list of ethical principles that appear to have universal applicability across professions and illustrate some of he ways in which special services personnel sometimes violate these principles. Third. we discuss some of the reasons why ethical violations occur and what might be done to address this problem. Particular explanatory attention is paid to the interdisciplinary and hierarchical/bureaucratic nature of school settings, and the tendency of administrators to emphasize the primacy of perceived organizational needs. Among the suggestions made is the call for educational agencies at all levels to develop their own detailed ethical codes and casebooks and to establish interdisciplinary ethics committees that will provide training, consultation and complaint resolution.     

Funded Personnel Services Research: Patterns and Trends

Completed and on-going research projects in the personnel services funded by the Office of Education were analyzed regarding the topics investigated, geographical area in which the research was being done, agencies receiving the grant, and the frequency of different research designs and statistical analyses. The analysis suggests that research in the personnel services is predominantly centered in the North Central accreditation region; is experimental in design and has an apparently growing programmatic emphasis; and, finally, is primarily concerned with college student populations. A number of questions are raised for consideration in the discussion and conclusions.     

Information and Counseling: A Dilemma

The revolutionary changes in data processing, and the resulting increases in the quantity and quality of information about counselees and their prospective environments, will make the work of the counselor more difficult in several ways. The one problem that is highlighted is the difficulty of maintaining a true counseling process and relationship while at the same time collecting necessary information about the client and about the environments regarding which he must make decisions. 2 solutions and their relative merits are discussed, one involving separation of the information and counseling functions, and the other requiring an integration of the functions by a single counselor.     

Pupil Personnel Services in the Elementary School

Student personnel services for the elementary school utilizing counselor, social worker, and psychologist are discussed with respect to their overlapping and unique skills. As a solution to the manpower shortage, a program for multidisciplinary training of paraprofessionals is suggested.     

Public Relations Design for College Career Counseling Services

This article describes the step-by-step design of a long-range public relations program, initiated at Essex Community College, Baltimore, which noticeably increased student use of career counseling offerings. Effective public relations principles are shown to bear a close relationship to successful career program development.     

Innovation in Guidance: A Mobile Counseling Center

A mobile counseling center staffed by 4 counselors serves high schools in 4 counties of southern Indiana. The operation of the center is designed to enrich, supplement, and improve the quality of counseling services for secondary students of the area. The mobile center also serves as a model to stimulate the development of exemplary and innovative guidance services in regular school programs.