Le droit de recours en matière d’autopsies médico-légales

The decision to carry out forensic autopsies is frequently made to determine the reasons of the death, especially in cases of non-natural death. In Switzerland, the judge strictly controls the authorisation to conduct forensic autopsies and the possibility to appeal against such a decision remains limited. This article aims to analyse the legal framework that enables appeals against a decision to conduct a forensic autopsy, taking into account the jurisprudence from the High Court of Switzerland (Tribunal Fédéral) and the European Court of Human Rights.     

Jeux de hasard et d’argent en ligne : quelles spécificités en matière de réduction des risques ?

Initially conceived as an alternative to abstinence-based approaches, the initial goal of harm-reduction was to reduce the health consequences of drug use. Applied to all addictive behaviors (with or without use), it aims to reduce the individual and social problems generated by addiction without condemning the behavior. Harm-minimisation remained very poor in the gambling field. However, the legalization of online gambling in France and their specific characteristics, update the need to develop this field, which is still a new and relatively uncommon part of harm-reduction. The aim of this article is to draw up an inventory of existing knowledge, whether it has been tested empirically or not, in an ecological environment or in a laboratory situation, as regards tools allowing the player to remain in control of his gambling behavior. A reflection on future research and other possible tools is envisaged.     

Examen empirique sur le caractère multidimensionnel de l’engagement normatif et sur les liens avec les engagements affectif et continu

An empirical study was conduct to french employees sample (N = 215). The aim to the study is to evaluate the multidimensional construct and to explore the relationships with affective and continuance commitment. Our findings support the both hypothesis and suggest that Normative Commitment is a multidimensional construct. The three components are “value sharing”, “moral contract” and “organizational fidelity”. The study found that value attachment has a major influence with affective commitment than continuance commitment. The implications of these results are discussed.     

Rapport de la mission parlementaire sur la bioéthique : vers la procréation sans sexe pour tous

The parliamentary report proposes “non-sexual procreation for all”, which goes through medically assisted procreation for couples of women and single women, post-mortem procreation and dual gamete donation.     

L’indépendance émotionnelle à la mère et au père en lien avec la détresse psychologique chez les jeunes femmes

Women aged from 18 to 25 years old are a group particularly at risk to experience elevated psychological distress. However, only a few studies have documented developmental factors associated with this variable for this population, especially in regard to emotional independence to mother's and father's individuation. The aim of the study is to explore the association between emotional independence to each parent, referring to the underlying emotional aspect related to the distance toward each parent, and psychological distress. The sample includes 1716 French-Canadian college women aged from 18 to 25 who completed an online survey. Results confirm the high prevalence of psychological distress among this population. Emotional independence to mothers and fathers are found to be moderately correlated. However, the mean emotional independence to mothers is significantly lower than the emotional independence to fathers. The results also suggest that low emotional independence, even to only one of parents is associated with higher levels of distress among young women. In contrast, levels of middle and high emotional independence from both parents are associated with lower levels of distress. The findings support the association between emotional independence to each parent and psychological distress. Empirically, further studies should distinguish between mother's and father's emotional independence. Clinically, these results emphasize the need to works patient's emotional independence to both parents.     

L’épuisement professionnel des enseignants en début de carrière

In the literature on the professional integration of teachers burnout is often invoked to at least partially explain the high percentage of those quitting the profession after a five-year practice or less. Teachers’ burnout implies emotional distress, viewing pupils as « things » (instead of as human beings), and being unsure of one’s teaching abilities. While this not always leads to quit teaching, victims of burnout can hardly escape pessimism and cynicism about their profession. This paper is made up of two parts: 1) a discussion of teachers’ burnout; 2) some suggestions for keeping teachers on the job.     

La portée normative des avis d’expert dans l’élaboration de la décision administrative en matière de sécurité sanitaire

The development of scientific knowledge and the complexity of the issues of health safety have led to increase the use of expertise. The need for transparency following the “scandals” at the end of the last century has led the state to outsource its assessment procedures in health safety, by creating independent agencies. These agencies turn to outside experts because their own staff does not have all the necessary competence. So, the question is: what is the role of these experts in the elaboration of the standards made by the decisions of the agencies? The link between the decision and the expert advice may be almost considered as subordination: the administrative decision becomes stuck by the advice, due to the technical incompetence of the agency. But the circumstances of the administrative decision, especially the situation of scientific uncertainty, can impose a degree of autonomy. If the scope of expert advice seems considerable in certain aspects, it should not hide the full responsibility of policy makers.