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Introduction and objective
An experiment was conducted in a school context to examine whether joy and pride, two positive emotions, can promote children's acquisition of knowledge in a reading comprehension situation.Method
The experiment consisted of inducing either a positive emotion (i.e., joy, pride) or a neutral state to 10-year-old children using an autobiographical recall task. Once the induced state was evaluated, children were submitted to a reading/comprehension task of a neutral text. When they finished reading this text, a questionnaire was used to assess not only their memory of the information provided in the text, but also their ability to make inferences.Results
Our main results highlighted a positive effect of joy on children's inference making.Conclusion
This study confirmed the relevance of taking into account the emotional state of children engaged in knowledge acquisition situations at school. 相似文献3.
Introduction
Self-conscious emotions play an important role in children's psychosocial functioning.Objective
To examine how institutionalized children who have been abused and noninstitutionalized children solve socio-moral conflicts and evoke self-conscious emotions to deal with these conflicts.Method
One hundred children aged 5 to 8 years old (50 placed in residential care after abuse and 50 nonabused living with their biological families) were asked to solve the socio-moral conflicts enacted by a set of five story-stems.Results
Institutionalized children describe less adjusted resolutions and less pride in their narratives than noninstitutionalized children do. Children maltreatment revealed no effect on self-conscious emotions of shame and guilt.Conclusion
Maltreatment influences the way children use their emotional and social resources to deal with socio-moral conflicts. 相似文献4.
C. Barreto Carvalho J. Cabral M. Sousa C. da Motta J. Benevides E. Peixoto 《Revue Européene de Psychologie Appliquée》2018,68(1):5-10
Introduction
Paranoid ideation has been consistently found as a phenomenon presented across the population continuum, and a theme that most people find in their everyday thoughts.Objective
To validate and study the psychometric properties of the Paranoia Checklist in a mixed (clinical and non-clinical) sample, in an extension of the study by Freeman et al. (2005).Method
Self-report questionnaire were completed by 392 individuals, with the aid of a psychologist when necessary.Results
The PC has shown to be a measure capable of distinguishing between clinical and non-clinical group of participants regarding the two dimensions of paranoid thoughts: frequency and conviction. Scores fitted an exponential curve, similar to the initial studies with the original version of the checklist.Conclusion
The assessment of paranoia has shown to be a continuum process common to clinical and non-clinical groups. The PC is a psychometrically sound measure to assess different paranoid thoughts on a multidimensional perspective and with sensitivity to distinguish groups of patients and healthy individuals, being suitable for use both in clinical and research settings. 相似文献5.
Introduction
Competition between French local communities to build infrastructures to attract enterprises and residents could sometimes result in irrational public spending.Objectives
Show the influence of psychological factors and the phenomenon of escalating commitment in particular on this type of economic decision.Method
We conducted a survey comprising four scenarios which were sent to 285 local elected representatives and we study the impact of the factors “Amount of sunk costs” and “Level of project completion” on two dependent variables, “the desire to complete the project” and “the judgment regarding the quality of the investment”. The scenarios presented a project which involve servicing a site and the construction of a road infrastructure in order to attract an enterprise.Results
In conformity with the works of Boehne and Paese, whatever the dependent variable, the level of project completion significantly explains the escalation of commitment. The hypothesis of “sunk costs” is confirmed when the escalation of commitment is measured by the dependent variable “desire to complete the project”.Conclusion
We have highlighted the effect of sunk costs and level of project completion on the decisions of local elected representatives, enriching the understanding of economic decision factors. 相似文献6.
P. Philippot V. Dethier C. Baeyens M. Bouvard 《Revue Européene de Psychologie Appliquée》2018,68(2):69-77
Introduction
Self-discrepancies (the distances between the perceived self and the ideal or the socially prescribed selves) are a hallmark in psychological distress. However, a clinical tool evaluating these discrepancies is lacking.Objective
To investigate the validity, the psychometric characteristics and the clinical relevance of the Self-Discrepancy Scale, an instrument designed to assess with multiple indices discrepancies between mental representations of the self: the actual self, on the one hand and ideal or socially-prescribed selves, on the other hand.Method
The Self-Discrepancy Scale has been administered to a large community sample, together with measures of depression, anxiety, self-esteem, and self-efficacy. It was also proposed to an additional clinical sample composed of clients with a diagnosis of mood or anxiety disorders seeking psychotherapeutic help.Results
A factor analysis evidenced three underlying dimensions to self-discrepancies: the size of the discrepancies, the resulting distress and the presence to unwanted traits. Test-retest consistency is in the acceptable range. Different profiles of self-discrepancies distinguished clinical groups suffering from different disorders.Conclusions
The data suggest that the Self-Discrepancy Scale is a valid measure of self-discrepancies and a valuable predictor of emotional vulnerability, especially with regards to abstract global judgments of discrepancies and of discrepancy induced distress. It is concluded that the Self-Discrepancy Scale offers a valuable help in clinical settings. 相似文献7.
A. Junça-Silva A. Caetano R. Rueff Lopes 《Revue Européene de Psychologie Appliquée》2018,68(4-5):189-198
Introduction
Past research has highlighted the relevance of cognitive appraisals in the link events-emotions (e.g., appraisal of an event's importance and its pleasant or unpleasant valence). We hypothesized a 3-way interaction between affective events (hassles and uplifts), cognitive appraisals of importance and intrinsic pleasantness on emotional activation.Objective
In this study, we investigated predictors of emotional activation at workplace.Method
We collected qualitative and quantitative data from 87 employees on work-related daily events (n = 571), cognitive appraisals and emotional reactions.Results
Results showed that the cognitive appraisal of an event's importance moderated the relationship between uplifts and emotional activation: the positive relationship was stronger when uplifts were appraised as highly important. However, the intrinsic pleasantness did not moderate this relationship. Results supported the 3-way interaction hypothesized for daily hassles.Conclusion
The findings suggest that appraisals of an event's importance and intrinsic (un)pleasantness influence the link between daily events and emotional activation differently for hassles and uplifts. We discuss the implications of these findings for research and practice. 相似文献8.
Introduction/aim
Computerized Cognitive Tests (CCT) play an increasing role in the assessment of elderly cognitive impairment. In this framework, it is important to review the psychometric data of the available CCT in the detection of cognitive decline.Method
To analyse psychometric properties of the CCT, the available data concerning reliability and validity indices were considered.Results
Only eleven CCT identified with elderly were retained to systematic review. 9 of 11 CCT present some results about their reliability properties; 8 of 11 CCT present results from concurrent validity; only 4 of 11 CCT present data concerning criterion validity; and just 4 of 11 CCT present some results regarding factor analysis.Conclusion
There are only a few papers published with well-structured psychometric data (reliability and validity). Some results have important limitations concerning to the adequacy of reliability and validity indices and some of these CCT psychometric properties were not studied yet. Considering these limitations, more research on the CCT is needed, including systematic studies of their psychometric properties, and Item Response Theory should be considered. 相似文献9.
J. Minibas-Poussard H.B. Bingol C. Roland-Levy 《Revue Européene de Psychologie Appliquée》2018,68(6):205-214
Introduction
The Turkish economy has gone through multiple economic crises, marked on the one hand by a volatile trend in the national financial system, and on the other, by the introduction of credit cards and payment facilities for consumer goods that are extremely easy to obtain.Objective
Inspired by previous research on saving attitudes, motivations, and behavior, this study explores the perceptions of consumption conducted using credit, either in the form of referred monthly payments or credit cards in the Turkish context.Method
To analyze the possible relations between saving attitudes, behaviors and new payment methods, a survey was conducted in Istanbul, with a convenience sample of independent professionals, managers and executives, and small business owners (n = 173). Their attitudes and behavior toward saving, buying on installment, credit card use and debt were combined with measures of self-reported control over spending.Results
Results show that self-reported control variables have some effects on the relationship between saving attitudes and actual saving behavior, concurring with Ajzen's model of planned behavior, but only if income is high.Conclusion
Positive and negative attitudes towards buying on instalment and credit card use are not correlated with saving attitudes or behavior. 相似文献10.
G. Orosz I. Tóth-Király B. Bőthe B. Paskuj M. Berkics M. Fülöp C. Roland-Lévy 《Revue Européene de Psychologie Appliquée》2018,68(2):89-97
Introduction
Previous research suggests a link between academic cheating and corruption. However, no prior empirical studies examined this link with cross-cultural data.Objective
The present study aims to fill this gap and it examines their link by considering cultural values such as in-group collectivism and economic background in terms of GDP per capita.Method
Self-reported data were collected regarding collaborative academic cheating. The database of Transparency International was used for assessing the level of perceived corruption, and the in-group collectivism data was derived from the GLOBE study. Structural equation modeling was used in order to identify their relationship pattern.Results
In the present study, using data from 40 countries, a strong relationship between self-reported academic cheating on exams and the country level of the corruption perception index was found. The present results also support evidence of a strong relationship between collaborative academic cheating and in-group collectivism in a sample comprising 30 countries. This link remains significant if GDP per capita, as an indicator of economic development, is controlled. However, path analysis showed that if both GDP per capita and in-group collectivism are considered, the link between corruption and cheating disappeared.Conclusion
These results suggest that GDP per capita as an economy-related background variable and in-group collectivism as a societal value have independent effect on collaborative cheating and perceived corruption and these broader background variables can diminish the strong link between collaborative cheating and perceived corruption. 相似文献11.
Introduction
Besides the intensity of depression, the main predictors of the outcome of a depressive episode are the comorbid disorders and certain personality traits.Objectives
Since previous research has focused on the study of these traits at the level of the Big Five Factors or domains, our aim was to examine whether the course of depression can be predicted more accurately by the facets than by the domains.Methods
We assessed 58 patients with depressive disorder using a battery of psychological tests, including the NEO Personality Inventory Revised and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). About one year later, 43 of these people completed the BDI-II again.Results
Improvement was associated with high scores on the Angry Hostility, Openness to Feelings and Orderliness facets and low scores on the Modesty facet. These facets specifically predicted between 44 and 48% of the criterion variance, compared to less than a quarter for the big factors. 相似文献12.
U. Raja R.A. Sheikh M. Abbas D. Bouckenooghe 《Revue Européene de Psychologie Appliquée》2018,68(2):79-88
Introduction
Researchers agree that procedural justice and distributive justice interact so that high procedural fairness reduces the negative consequences of distributive unfairness.Objectives
Our objective was to test the hypothesis that employees in Pakistan (i.e., an underdeveloped economy) would be more focused on rewards than procedures. Therefore, procedural and distributive justice will not interact in predicting employee behaviors.Methods
Using independent measures for organizational justice and job outcomes, we conducted two field surveys (n = 372 and n = 550 paired responses) in Pakistan to examine the direct and combined effects of procedural and distributive justice on job performance, citizenship behaviors, and creativity.Results
In both studies, the results suggest that distributive justice is a more consistent and relatively stronger predictor of job outcomes as compared to procedural justice. The results also showed that procedural justice did not moderate the relationship between distributive justice and employee behaviors.Conclusion
The findings suggest that workers in an underdeveloped economy like Pakistan may be more concerned with fairness in the distribution of rewards than procedural fairness. Therefore, in such context, procedures may be less likely to reduce negative consequences of unfair reward distribution. 相似文献13.
S. Chiaramello M. Cyr P. McDuff C.-E. Laguerre R.F. Rodgers V. Walburg S. Lignon 《Revue Européene de Psychologie Appliquée》2018,68(3):99-106
Objective
This study aimed to examine the relationship between maternal and contextual factors including maternal personality traits, the quality of mother–child relationship, the characteristics of sexual abuse and maternal outcomes: (1) maternal reactions including feelings of anger and responsibility, anger and perceptions of responsibility of the child, and (2) maternal support provided to the child following the disclosure of sexual abuse.Method
The sample included 190 mothers recruited from youth centers in Québec (Canada). Data were collected using self-assessment questionnaires and semi-structured interviews.Results
Regression analyses revealed that maternal neuroticism, the quality of the preexisting mother–child relationship, the relationship between the mother and the perpetrator, and the occurrence of physical violence, were significant predictors of outcomes including maternal support, mothers’ feelings of responsibility and/or anger towards the abuser and/or child.Conclusion
These findings suggest that considering neurotic traits and addressing feelings of anger and responsibility among mothers might improve child outcomes following CSA. 相似文献14.
Introduction
In industrialized countries, gambling disorder tends to become a major issue. The use of the social representation theory provides clues for a better understanding of pathological gamblers.Objective
This paper investigates the representation of risk in a gambling context among lay people (Study 1) and among controlled gamblers and probable pathological gamblers (Study 2).Method
In the first study, 1106 people answered a free association task based on the target expression ‘risk in a gambling context’. In the second study, a small sample of gamblers, half of them being probable pathological gamblers (based on their score at the SOGS), participated in a semi-structured interview about risk in a gambling context. Interview guidelines were constructed based on the results obtained from Study 1.Results
In Study 1, results indicate that the overall representation of risk in a gambling context differs from the one in a general context. The results are interpreted through the prospect theory and the decision-making dual-process model. Results from Study 2 show that, contrarily to those being probable pathological gamblers, controlled gamblers orient their discourse around the notion of pleasure and do not perceive gambling as a threat for their ego.Conclusion
Controlled gamblers fear to lose money, while probable pathological gamblers fear to lose the game. 相似文献15.
A. Sutton 《Revue Européene de Psychologie Appliquée》2018,68(3):117-130
Introduction
The relationship between role personality consistency and well-being is somewhat ambiguous, with past research relying on methods confounded by social desirability or role stereotypes, or conflating consistency with authenticity.Objective
This study uses a robust mixed method approach to establish the distinct impacts of authenticity and personality consistency on well-being.Method
In the quantitative phase, 191 participants completed questionnaires assessing contextualised personality, well-being and authenticity. In the subsequent qualitative phase, a stratified sample of 22 participants completed a series of six open-ended reflective questions.Results
Findings demonstrated significant work-home personality differences at the individual, but not group, level and revealed that authenticity, but not personality consistency, predicted well-being. Thematic analysis demonstrated that authenticity was understood as acting in line with personal values rather than demonstrating behavioural consistency across situations. In addition, while both personality differentiation and inauthenticity were seen as functional, their associations with well-being were substantially different: differentiation was associated with both positive and negative feelings and interpretations, while authenticity was exclusively a positive experience.Conclusion
Authenticity, not personality consistency, is the key contributing factor to well-being. People who feel authentic, regardless of the extent of their contextual personality differentiation, are less stressed and more satisfied. 相似文献16.
Introduction
This paper extends the accepted economic method of valuation by taking psychological factors into consideration.Objective
The unique psychological factors of in-vitro fertilization (IVF) have been explored and examined in order to discover whether psychological variables are correlated to background factors: sociodemographic, satisfaction from IVF medical treatment and health related factors, and whether psychological variables have an influence on the willingness to pay (WTP) for IVF treatment. Another purpose of this paper is to investigate the moderating effects of satisfaction from IVF treatment on the relationship between the psychological variables and the willingness to pay (WTP) for IVF treatment.Method
The study was carried out on 204 patients from 8 public IVF units, and provided data on their emotional response and their maximum WTP for IVF treatment.Results
Background factors were found to have a significant impact on IVF patients’ emotional outcomes. Evidence was found for gender-based variances in psychological reactions related to infertility; however, WTP remained robust and was not influenced by psychological variables. The results show that satisfaction from treatment can be regarded as a moderating variable between the psychological variables and the willingness to pay (WTP) for IVF treatment.Conclusion
The research findings indicate that fertility problems affect the quality of life of women more adversely than of men, and women suffer more negative emotions as a result of infertility. A unique emotional response that seems to be an important outcome in the experience of infertility and that was demonstrated in our study is shame. The sociocultural environment affects emotional responses regarding WTP, while IVF patients’ satisfaction with medical treatment may moderate the emotional effect of psychological factors on the WTP for IVF treatment. 相似文献17.
18.
Introduction
Little is known about the determinants of Faculty members’ well-being and the temporal distribution of academics activities (research, teaching, and collective tasks). We linked well-being in the sense of PERMA (Seligman, 2011) to an inventory of academics’ motives and to measures of relative involvement in work activities.Aim
Testing the hypothesis that an inventory of academics’ motives could explain inter-individual variations in well-being and in time distribution of work activities.Method
Two hundred and twenty-two senior lecturers from French universities filled in a questionnaire of professional motives, a collection of well-being scales implementing PERMA. They also provided a measure of their relative time-distribution by means of a tool designed for this purpose.Results
A seven-motive structure was extracted and confirmed by CFA. It explained 81.7% of the variance of the 21 final items: (1) Contribution to Progress by Research; (2) Teamwork in Teaching; (3) Self-esteem through Teaching; (4) Autonomy in Research Activities; (5) Positive Relationships with Students; (6) Autonomy in Teaching; and (7) Collaboration. The motives explained membership to six Relative ‘Temporal Allocation Profiles’ extracted by k-means (Cox and Snell pseudo-R2 = .332). In path analyses, the motives explained from 40 to 52% of the variance of the five PERMA elements.Conclusion
The study provides three contributions: an original inventory of the structure of academics’ motives; a first use of the PERMA model for measuring academics’ well-being; and a new tool for measuring differential involvement in academic activities. 相似文献19.
B. Houbre M.-L. Costantini J. Pouchot C. Tarquinio L. Muller 《Revue Européene de Psychologie Appliquée》2018,68(1):35-43
Introduction
Celiac disease is estimated to affect between 1 in 100 and 1 in 300 Caucasian subjects. Many quantitative studies have explored the issues encountered by these subjects; however, few studies have addressed the subjective and experiential dimensions of celiac disease.Objective
The objective of this qualitative exploratory study is to expand current knowledge concerning the subjective experience of celiac disease and of a gluten-free diet in subjects diagnosed with celiac disease in adulthood.Method
Data was collected through non-directive interviews with 14 subjects aged between 28 and 53 (M = 41.7, SD = 7.48).Results
An interpretive phenomenological analysis identified various themes related to the experience of illness: (1) history of the disease, (2) symptoms, (3) nutrition, (4) perception of medical experiences, (5) relationships with family and friends, (6) psychological implications, and (7) consequences for daily living.Conclusion
The results show the importance of developing a “mythology” (concerning the disease's origin) to enable the inclusion of the condition in the individual's on-going personal story. 相似文献20.